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| {{short description|Verse of the Rigveda}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Mahamrityunjaya Mantra]] |
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| {{Hinduism}}
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| The '''''Mahamrityunjaya Mantra''''' ({{lang-sa|महामृत्युंजयमंत्र, महामृत्युञ्जयमन्त्र|translit=mahāmṛtyuṃjaya-mantra, mahāmṛtyuñjaya-mantra|translit-style=IAST|lit=Great Death Conquering Mantra}}), also known as the '''''Rudra Mantra''''' or '''''Tryambakam Mantra''''', is a verse (''ṛc'') of the ''[[Rigveda]]'' ([[RV 7]].59.12). The ''ṛc'' is addressed to Tryambaka, "The Three-eyed One", an epithet of [[Rudra]] who is identified with [[Shiva]] in [[Shaivism]]. The verse also recurs in the ''[[Yajurveda]]'' ([[Taittiriya Samhita|TS]] 1.8.6;<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anantashastri|url=http://archive.org/details/TaittiriyaSamhita1957SvadhyayaMandalPune|title=kr̥ṣṇa-yajurvēdīya taittirīya-saṁhitā|last2=Yagneshvarashastri|pages=५२|language=sa|script-title=hi:कृष्ण-यजुर्वेदीय तैत्तिरीय-संहिता|trans-title=Taittiriya Samhita of the Krishna Yajurveda|display-authors=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bashyam|first=Vijayaraghavan|date=4 July 2005|title=Taittiriya Samhita - Edited by Vijayaraghavan Bashyam - Book 1 Chapter 8|url=http://www.sanskritweb.net/yajurveda/ts-1-8.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422122801/http://www.sanskritweb.net/yajurveda/ts-1-8.pdf|archive-date=22 April 2021|access-date=7 August 2021|language=sa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Keith|first=Arthur Berriedale|url=http://archive.org/details/vedaofblackyajus01keit|title=The Veda of the Black Yajus School entitled Taittiriya Sanhita - Part 1 : Kandas I-III Translated from the Original Prose and Verse|date=1914|publisher=Cambridge, Mass. : The Harvard university press|others=Princeton Theological Seminary Library|year=1914|pages=118}}</ref> VS 3.60<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vajasneyi Madhyandina Samhita Adhyaya – 03|url=https://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/yajurveda/vajasneyi-madhyandina-samhita/samhita-patha-0-10-adhyaya-03/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725160028/https://vedicheritage.gov.in/samhitas/yajurveda/vajasneyi-madhyandina-samhita/samhita-patha-0-10-adhyaya-03/|archive-date=25 July 2020|access-date=7 August 2021|website=Vedic Heritage|language=sa}}</ref>).
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| ==The mantra==
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| [[File:Mrityunjaya.ogg|Recitation of the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra|right|thumb]]
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| The ''Mahamrityunjaya Mantra'' reads:
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| : {{lang|sa|ॐ त्र्य॑म्बकं यजामहे सु॒गन्धिं॑ पुष्टि॒वर्ध॑नम् ।<br/>उ॒र्वा॒रु॒कमि॑व॒ बन्ध॑नान् मृ॒त्योर्मु॑क्षीय॒ माऽमृता॑॑त् ।।}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/RgVedaWithSayanasCommentaryPart3|title=Rg Veda with Sayana's Commentary Part 3|language=English}}</ref>
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| : {{IAST|oṃ tryámbakaṃ yajāmahe sughandhíṃ puṣṭivardhánam<br/>urvārukam iva bandhánān mṛtyor mukṣīya māmṛtāt}}<ref name="rvsan">{{Cite web|title=The Rig Veda in Sanskrit: Rig Veda Book 7: Hymn 59|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rvsan/rv07059.htm|access-date=2021-01-28|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>
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| Translation by Jamison and Brereton:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Jamison|first=Stephanie|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|last2=Brereton|first2=Joel|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199370184|pages=953–954}}</ref>
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| : "We sacrifice to Tryambaka the fragrant, increaser of prosperity.<br/>Like a cucumber from its stem, might I be freed from death, not from deathlessness."
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| ==Origin==
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| The mantra first appears in RV 7.59, which is a composite hymn attributed to [[Vasishtha|Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇi]]. The last four verses (in which the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra is found) are late additions to the hymn, and they make references to the Sākamedha, the last of the four-monthly rituals. The Sākamedha ends with an oblation to Rudra Tryambaka, which is why the last verse of the four is addressed to Tryambaka.<ref name=":0" />
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| ==Significance==
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| Hindus believe the mantra is beneficial for mental, emotional, and physical health and consider it a ''[[moksha]]'' mantra which bestows longevity and immortality.<ref>{{cite book|title=Meditations and Mantras:An Authoritative Text|author=Vishnu Devanand|year=1999|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|place=New Delhi|page=63|isbn=9788120816152|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgnTT0eqwIoC&pg=PA63}}</ref>
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| It is chanted while smearing ''[[vibhuti]]'' over various parts of the body and utilised in ''[[japa]]'' (mantra repetition) or [[Homa (ritual)|''homa'']] (religious offering ceremony).
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Shri Rudram Chamakam]]
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| * [[Om Namah Shivaya]]
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| * [[Shanti Mantras]]
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| * [[Shiva]]
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| * [[Om]]
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| * [[Vibhuti]]
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| {{div col end}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{Shaivism}}
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| [[Category:Vedas]]
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| [[Category:Hindu mantras]]
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