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| | #REDIRECT [[Chandi Di Var]] |
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| '''''Chandi di Var''''' (lit. "Chandi's deeds") is a composition written by [[Guru Gobind Singh]], included in the 5th chapter of ''[[Dasam Granth]]''.<ref name=pashaura139>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=139–140}}, Quote: "Var Durga ki (aka Chandi di Var) (Chandi's deeds/The Ballad of Durga)</ref> It is based on an episode from the [[Sanskrit]] work ''[[Markandeya Purana]]'',<ref>{{cite book| title = The Impact of Guru Gobind Singh on Indian Society | author = Gurbachan Singh Talib| publisher = Guru Gobind Singh Foundation| page = 59}}</ref> and describes the conflict between the Gods and the Demons. In the ballad, the supreme goddess (see [[Chandi]]) is transformed into a liberating divine power in the form of sword, that crushes perpetuators of falsehood.<ref>{{cite book | title =Literature and Folklore After Poststructuralism | author = Gurbhagat Singh | page = 89}}</ref>
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| The first part of the text, ''Chandi Charitra Ukti Bilas'', states it is retelling the ''[[Markandeya Purana]]'' story, where [[Durga]] fights a shape shifting buffalo demon [[Mahishasura]] and slays the evil demon and his companions.<ref name="SinghFenech2014p241"/> The second part repeats the same story, while part three of the text is a retelling of the ''[[Devi Mahatmya|Durga Saptasati]]''. The composition has been a significant part of Sikh culture, state Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech, with its opening verses being a part of "frequently recited ''[[ardas]]'' prayer or petition".<ref name="SinghFenech2014p241">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT242|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-100412-4|pages=241–243}}</ref>
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| ==Nomenclature==
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| The text has historically been referred to by several names. These include:<ref name=pashaura139/><ref>{{cite book|author=Robin Rinehart|title=Debating the Dasam Granth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qe6WnpbT2BkC&pg=PA106|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-984247-6|pages=27–28}}</ref>
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| *''Var Durga ki'' ([[IAST]]: Vāra Durgā Kī), meaning the "Ballad of Durga"
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| *''Var Sri Bhagauti Ji ki'' (Vāra Srī Bhagautī Jī Kī), meaning the "Ballad of Revered Bhagauti"
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| *''Chandi di Var'' (Chandī Dī Vāra), meaning the "Ballad of Chandi"
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| ==Authorship==
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| ''Chandi di Var'' was written by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] at Paonta sahib. According to early Sikh historians such as Bhai Koer Singh Kalal, as mentioned in Gurbilas Patshahi 10 (1751), Chandi di Vaar was written by Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur Sahib.<ref>ਪੰਨਾ 156, Gurbilas Patshahi 10, Koer Singh Kalal</ref> Various other Sikh historians and scholars like [[Giani Ditt Singh]], [[Sahib Singh|Professor Sahib Singh]], [[Giani Gian Singh]], [[Ratan Singh Bhangu]], Kavi Santokh Singh also supported this fact.<ref name="McLeod2005">{{cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=Historical dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma3G-hjh6SwC&pg=PA44|access-date=2 June 2010|date=2005-07-28|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-5088-0|pages=44–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume One (A To Devo), Volume 1 | editor = Amaresh Datta | publisher = [[Sahitya Akademi]]| year = 2006| isbn = 978-81-260-1803-1 | page = 888}}</ref>
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| ==Role in Sikh Liturgy==
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| ਪ੍ਰਿਥਮ ਭਗੌਤੀ ਸਿਮਰਿ ਕੈ ਗੁਰੁ ਨਾਨਕ ਲਈਂ ਧਿਆਇ
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| ''Prathami bhagautī simar kai Gurū Nānakalaī dhiāi''.
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| First I remember ''bhagauti''(bhagauti means double edged sword), then I remember Guru Nanak.
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| </poem>
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| | source = — First line of the ''Chandi di Var'', Guru Gobind Singh<ref name=pashaura139/><ref name="Rinehart2011p106">{{cite book|author=Robin Rinehart|title=Debating the Dasam Granth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qe6WnpbT2BkC&pg=PA106|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-984247-6|pages=106–107}}</ref>
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| * The first stanza of the Sikh [[ardās]], an invocation to God and the nine Gurus preceding Gobind Singh, is from Chandi di Var.<ref>''(This is a model of the Ardas. It may be adapted to different occasions and for different purposes. However, the initial composition with "Pritham Bhagauti......" and the concluding phrases commencing "Nanak Nam" must not be altered.'': Article IV, Chapter 3A, Sikh Rehat Maryada</ref> The "Bhagauti"-related sections from Chandi di Var is a mandatory part of an ardas that is a part of worship service in a [[Gurdwara]] (Sikh temple), daily rituals such as the opening the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' for ''prakash'' (morning light) or closing it for ''sukhasan'' (night bedroom) in larger Gurdwaras, closing of congregational worship in smaller Gurdwaras, rites-of-passages such as with the naming of child or wedding or the cremation of a Sikh, daily prayer by devout Sikhs and any significant Sikh ceremonies.<ref name="Cole2004p8">{{cite book|author=W. Owen Cole|title=Understanding Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohYwDwAAQBAJ |year=2004|publisher=Dunedin Academic Press|isbn=978-1-906716-91-2|pages=8, 18, 104, 111–124, 166–175}}</ref><ref name=britgurudwara>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/gurdwara Gurdwara], Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref><ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p237">{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Kristina Myrvold|title=Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrWKPWBEXEC&pg=PA237|year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4411-7087-3|pages=237–238}}</ref> The invocation includes the word ''bhagauti'', which has been variously interpreted by scholars to mean "sword".<ref name="Rinehart2011p106"/><ref name=var>{{cite journal | last = Banerjee | first = Dr. Anil Chander | title = Guru Gobind Singh and Shakhtieult | journal = The Sikh Review | volume = No. 378 | pages = 32 | date = April 1981 }}</ref>
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| * [[Nihang]] and Namdhari Singhs recite Chandi di Var as part of their daily Nitnem.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Ardas]]
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| * [[Chandi]]
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| * [[Khanda (sword)|Khanda]]
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| * [[Dasam Granth]]
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| * [[Sikh scriptures]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151212051909/http://archimedespress.co.uk/books Sri Dasam Granth Sahib: Questions and Answers: The book on Sri Dasam Granth Sahib]
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| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100203102606/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/gurus/nanak10.html Life of Guru Gobind Singh]
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| * [http://www.sikhworld.co.uk/page3.10.html The Tenth Guru]
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| {{Dasven Padshah Da Granth}}
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| [[Category:Dasam Granth]]
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