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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Technological entrepreneur, Twitter co-founder and former CEO}} | ||
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}} | {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|11|19}} | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|11|19}} | ||
| birth_place = [[St. Louis, Missouri]], U.S. | | birth_place = [[St. Louis, Missouri]], U.S. | ||
| occupation = {{hlist|Programmer| | | occupation = {{hlist|Programmer|Internet entrepreneur|philanthropist}} | ||
| title = | | title = Block Head (principal executive officer) of Block, Inc. | ||
| education = {{Ubl | | education = {{Ubl | ||
| [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]] (no degree) | | [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]] (no degree) | ||
| [[New York University]] (no degree)}} | | [[New York University]] (no degree)}} | ||
| known_for = Co-founding [[Twitter]] and [[ | | known_for = Co-founding [[Twitter, Inc.]] and [[Block, Inc.]] | ||
| boards = {{plainlist| | | boards = {{plainlist| | ||
* | * Block, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://squareup.com/about#board|title=About Square|publisher=Square|access-date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> | ||
* [[Berggruen Institute]]'s Governance Center<ref name="auto">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a5994/nicolas-berggreun-interview/ |title=Why Nicolas Berggruen is Creating an Institute for Geniuses |magazine=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |date=May 11, 2016 |quote=Another wing of the Berggruen Institute has technologists like Elon Musk and Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, as well as former treasury secretary Larry Summers |access-date=April 17, 2017 |first=Vicky |last=Ward }}</ref> | * [[Berggruen Institute]]'s Governance Center<ref name="auto">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a5994/nicolas-berggreun-interview/ |title=Why Nicolas Berggruen is Creating an Institute for Geniuses |magazine=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |date=May 11, 2016 |quote=Another wing of the Berggruen Institute has technologists like Elon Musk and Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, as well as former treasury secretary Larry Summers |access-date=April 17, 2017 |first=Vicky |last=Ward }}</ref> | ||
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'''Jack Patrick Dorsey''' (born November 19, 1976)<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.ajc.com/news/national/who-jack-dorsey-founder-twitter-square/a1Xbw34yAUSVRfjjMXZpdI/|title= Who is Jack Dorsey, co-founder of Twitter, Square?|work=Atlanta Journal Constitution|date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> is an American [[List of Internet entrepreneurs| | '''Jack Patrick Dorsey''' (born November 19, 1976)<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.ajc.com/news/national/who-jack-dorsey-founder-twitter-square/a1Xbw34yAUSVRfjjMXZpdI/|title= Who is Jack Dorsey, co-founder of Twitter, Square?|work=Atlanta Journal Constitution|date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> is an American [[List of Internet entrepreneurs|Internet entrepreneur]], [[programmer]], and [[Philanthropy|philanthropist]] who is the co-founder and former CEO of [[Twitter, Inc.]], as well as the founder and principal executive officer of [[Block, Inc.]], a [[mobile payment|financial payment]]s company. | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Dorsey was born and raised in [[St. Louis, Missouri]],<ref>{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Leonard|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/4388880/Profile-Twitter-founders-Jack-Dorsey-Biz-Stone-and-Evan-Williams.html|title=Profile Twitter founders: Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone and Evan Williams|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=29 January 2009|access-date=January 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url=http://www.stltoday.com/business/article_d3a250de-56a1-5038-b114-45426cc8bf3a.html|title=Taste of St. Louis first major event to use Square|newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|date=September 29, 2010|access-date=January 14, 2014}}</ref> the son of Tim and Marcia (née Smith) Dorsey.<ref name="Glaser">{{cite news|url=http://mediashift.org/2007/05/twitter-founders-thrive-on-micro-blogging-constraints137/|title=Twitter Founders Thrive on Micro-Blogging Constraints|last=Glaser|first=Mark|date=May 17, 2007|access-date=November 5, 2008|website=MediaShift}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latercera.com/contenido/739_127714_9.shtml|title=Jack Dorsey, creador de twitter: 'En 140 caracteres la gente se siente más libre al escribir'|website=[[La Tercera]]|access-date=January 14, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101644/http://www.latercera.com/contenido/739_127714_9.shtml|archive-date=October 6, 2014|language=Spanish|first=Andrew|last=Chernin}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=VP&p_theme=vp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12C3E28404FD9298&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Twitter creator keeps it quiet and quirky |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |via=The Virginian-Pilot |date=November 26, 2009 |page=A23 |access-date=January 14, 2014 |url-access=registration |first=Tim |last=Barker }}</ref> He is of part Italian descent.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=David|last=Kamp|date=June 10, 2013|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2013/07/jack-dorsey-diet-purple-foods|title=Jack Dorsey Believes That Eating Purple Food Makes You Healthier|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=January 14, 2014}}</ref> His father worked for a company that developed mass [[spectrometer]]s and his mother was a homemaker.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/youngest-billionaires-forbes-400-11-060000953.html |title=The youngest billionaires on the Forbes 400: 11 under 40 |work=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |date=September 30, 2014 |first=Natalie |last=Robehmed |access-date=October 1, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002021005/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/youngest-billionaires-forbes-400-11-060000953.html |archive-date=October 2, 2014 }}</ref> He was raised Catholic, and his uncle is a Catholic priest in Cincinnati.<ref name=native /> He attended [[Bishop DuBourg High School]]. In his younger days, Dorsey worked occasionally as a fashion model.<ref>{{cite tweet |number=375089278054711298 |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |user=jack |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Me in my (very) short-lived days as a vintage clothing model: flic.kr/p/hG5x5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=599292408044474369 |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |user=jack |date=May 15, 2015 |title=@ScottLucas86 @LizFiandaca @jeremys did it include my modeling days? m.flickr.com/#/photos/jackd… }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/188883710/ |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |website=[[Flickr]] |date=July 13, 2006 |title=I read Gray's Anatomy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/188883635/ |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |website=Flickr |date=July 13, 2006 |title=Noele took pictures of me }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/188883621/ |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |website=[[Flickr]]|date=July 13, 2006 |title=Who needs a nosering? }}</ref> By age 14, Dorsey had become interested in [[Dispatch (logistics)|dispatch routing]]. Some of the [[Open-source model|open-source]] software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by taxicab companies.<ref name=Glaser /> Dorsey enrolled at the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]] in 1995 and attended for two-plus years<ref name=native>{{cite news |url=http://www.stltoday.com/news/native-son-sets-st-louis-atwitter-he-s-always-seen/article_635e1f22-b802-50d4-bc42-29a464ef72ad.html |title=Native son sets St. Louis atwitter |date=November 15, 2009 |access-date=January 17, 2018 |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |first=Tim |last=Barker }}</ref> before transferring to [[New York University]] in 1997, but he dropped out two years later,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rampton|first1=John|title=12 of the most successful entrepreneurs who dropped out of college|url=http://mashable.com/2016/09/22/12-entrepreneurs-who-dropped-out-of-college/#sBYQqStW1aq6|access-date=January 16, 2018|newspaper=Mashable|date=September 22, 2016}}</ref> one semester short of graduating.<ref name=native /> He came up with the idea that eventually became [[Twitter]] while studying at NYU.<ref name=native /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/27/jack-dorsey-fred-wilson-twitter-book-excerpt/ |title=When Jack Dorsey Met Fred Wilson, And Other Twitter Tales (Book Excerpt) |first=Jeffrey |last=Bussgang |website=[[TechCrunch]] |date=April 27, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2018 |quote=Jack ... moved to New York, transferred to NYU, and started writing dispatch software ... 'They're all reporting constantly where they are and what work they're doing ... I thought that abstraction was so cool that I wanted that same thing for my friends.' }}</ref> | Dorsey was born and raised in [[St. Louis, Missouri]],<ref>{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Leonard|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/4388880/Profile-Twitter-founders-Jack-Dorsey-Biz-Stone-and-Evan-Williams.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/4388880/Profile-Twitter-founders-Jack-Dorsey-Biz-Stone-and-Evan-Williams.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Profile Twitter founders: Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone and Evan Williams|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=29 January 2009|access-date=January 14, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Lisa|last=Brown|url=http://www.stltoday.com/business/article_d3a250de-56a1-5038-b114-45426cc8bf3a.html|title=Taste of St. Louis first major event to use Square|newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|date=September 29, 2010|access-date=January 14, 2014}}</ref> the son of Tim and Marcia (née Smith) Dorsey.<ref name="Glaser">{{cite news|url=http://mediashift.org/2007/05/twitter-founders-thrive-on-micro-blogging-constraints137/|title=Twitter Founders Thrive on Micro-Blogging Constraints|last=Glaser|first=Mark|date=May 17, 2007|access-date=November 5, 2008|website=MediaShift}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latercera.com/contenido/739_127714_9.shtml|title=Jack Dorsey, creador de twitter: 'En 140 caracteres la gente se siente más libre al escribir'|website=[[La Tercera]]|access-date=January 14, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101644/http://www.latercera.com/contenido/739_127714_9.shtml|archive-date=October 6, 2014|language=Spanish|first=Andrew|last=Chernin}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=VP&p_theme=vp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12C3E28404FD9298&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Twitter creator keeps it quiet and quirky |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |via=The Virginian-Pilot |date=November 26, 2009 |page=A23 |access-date=January 14, 2014 |url-access=registration |first=Tim |last=Barker }}</ref> He is of part Italian descent on his mother's side.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=David|last=Kamp|date=June 10, 2013|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2013/07/jack-dorsey-diet-purple-foods|title=Jack Dorsey Believes That Eating Purple Food Makes You Healthier|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=January 14, 2014}}</ref> His father worked for a company that developed mass [[spectrometer]]s and his mother was a homemaker.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/youngest-billionaires-forbes-400-11-060000953.html |title=The youngest billionaires on the Forbes 400: 11 under 40 |work=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |date=September 30, 2014 |first=Natalie |last=Robehmed |access-date=October 1, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002021005/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/youngest-billionaires-forbes-400-11-060000953.html |archive-date=October 2, 2014 }}</ref> He was raised Catholic, and his uncle is a Catholic priest in Cincinnati.<ref name=native /> He attended [[Bishop DuBourg High School]]. In his younger days, Dorsey worked occasionally as a fashion model.<ref>{{cite tweet |number=375089278054711298 |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |user=jack |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Me in my (very) short-lived days as a vintage clothing model: flic.kr/p/hG5x5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=599292408044474369 |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |user=jack |date=May 15, 2015 |title=@ScottLucas86 @LizFiandaca @jeremys did it include my modeling days? m.flickr.com/#/photos/jackd… }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/188883710/ |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |website=[[Flickr]] |date=July 13, 2006 |title=I read Gray's Anatomy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/188883635/ |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |website=Flickr |date=July 13, 2006 |title=Noele took pictures of me }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/188883621/ |first=Jack |last=Dorsey |website=[[Flickr]]|date=July 13, 2006 |title=Who needs a nosering? }}</ref> By age 14, Dorsey had become interested in [[Dispatch (logistics)|dispatch routing]]. Some of the [[Open-source model|open-source]] software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by taxicab companies.<ref name=Glaser /> Dorsey enrolled at the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]] in 1995 and attended for two-plus years<ref name=native>{{cite news |url=http://www.stltoday.com/news/native-son-sets-st-louis-atwitter-he-s-always-seen/article_635e1f22-b802-50d4-bc42-29a464ef72ad.html |title=Native son sets St. Louis atwitter |date=November 15, 2009 |access-date=January 17, 2018 |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |first=Tim |last=Barker }}</ref> before transferring to [[New York University]] in 1997, but he dropped out two years later,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rampton|first1=John|title=12 of the most successful entrepreneurs who dropped out of college|url=http://mashable.com/2016/09/22/12-entrepreneurs-who-dropped-out-of-college/#sBYQqStW1aq6|access-date=January 16, 2018|newspaper=Mashable|date=September 22, 2016}}</ref> one semester short of graduating.<ref name=native /> He came up with the idea that eventually became [[Twitter]] while studying at NYU.<ref name=native /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/27/jack-dorsey-fred-wilson-twitter-book-excerpt/ |title=When Jack Dorsey Met Fred Wilson, And Other Twitter Tales (Book Excerpt) |first=Jeffrey |last=Bussgang |website=[[TechCrunch]] |date=April 27, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2018 |quote=Jack ... moved to New York, transferred to NYU, and started writing dispatch software ... 'They're all reporting constantly where they are and what work they're doing ... I thought that abstraction was so cool that I wanted that same thing for my friends.' }}</ref> | ||
While working on dispatching as a programmer, Dorsey moved to California.<ref name="BW">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[BusinessWeek]]|title=Tech's Next Gen: The Best and Brightest|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/03/0326_tech_entrepreneurs/source/10.htm|date=March 26, 2007|access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref><ref name="dorseytweet">{{cite news|author=Dorsey, Jack|title=To be clear: I didn't attend Cornell (and didn't invent Twitter there).|url=https://twitter.com/jack/status/1480648277|date=April 8, 2009|work=Twitter|access-date=April 13, 2009}}</ref> In 2000, Dorsey started his company in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web.<ref name=Dorsey>{{cite web|author=Dorsey, Jack|title=twttr sketch|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/182613360|date=March 24, 2006|work=Flickr|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=November 7, 2008}}</ref> His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service market".<ref name=Dorsey /> In July 2000, building on dispatching<ref name=Glaser /> and inspired in part by [[LiveJournal]] and by [[AIM (software)|AOL Instant Messenger]], he had the idea for a Web-based realtime status/short message communication service.<ref name=Dorsey /> | While working on dispatching as a programmer, Dorsey moved to California.<ref name="BW">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[BusinessWeek]]|title=Tech's Next Gen: The Best and Brightest|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/03/0326_tech_entrepreneurs/source/10.htm|date=March 26, 2007|access-date=November 5, 2008|archive-date=July 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711043659/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/03/0326_tech_entrepreneurs/source/10.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="dorseytweet">{{cite news|author=Dorsey, Jack|title=To be clear: I didn't attend Cornell (and didn't invent Twitter there).|url=https://twitter.com/jack/status/1480648277|date=April 8, 2009|work=Twitter|access-date=April 13, 2009}}</ref> In 2000, Dorsey started his company in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web.<ref name=Dorsey>{{cite web|author=Dorsey, Jack|title=twttr sketch|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jackdorsey/182613360|date=March 24, 2006|work=Flickr|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=November 7, 2008}}</ref> His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service market".<ref name=Dorsey /> In July 2000, building on dispatching<ref name=Glaser /> and inspired in part by [[LiveJournal]] and by [[AIM (software)|AOL Instant Messenger]], he had the idea for a Web-based realtime status/short message communication service.<ref name=Dorsey /> | ||
When he first saw implementations of [[instant messaging]], Dorsey wondered whether the software's user status output could be shared easily among friends.<ref name=Glaser /> He approached [[Odeo]], which at the time happened to be interested in [[text messaging]].<ref name=Glaser /> Dorsey and [[Biz Stone]] decided that SMS text suited the status-message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks.<ref name=Glaser /> The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from [[Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)|Evan Williams]],<ref name=Glaser /> a co-founder of that firm in 2005 who had left [[Google]] after selling [[Pyra Labs]] and [[Blogger (service)|Blogger]]. | When he first saw implementations of [[instant messaging]], Dorsey wondered whether the software's user status output could be shared easily among friends.<ref name=Glaser /> He approached [[Odeo]], which at the time happened to be interested in [[text messaging]].<ref name=Glaser /> Dorsey and [[Biz Stone]] decided that SMS text suited the status-message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks.<ref name=Glaser /> The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from [[Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)|Evan Williams]],<ref name=Glaser /> a co-founder of that firm in 2005 who had left [[Google]] after selling [[Pyra Labs]] and [[Blogger (service)|Blogger]]. | ||
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{{Main|Twitter}} | {{Main|Twitter}} | ||
[[File:Jack Dorsey-20080723.jpg|thumb|Dorsey in 2008]] | [[File:Jack Dorsey-20080723.jpg|thumb|Dorsey in 2008]] | ||
Williams, Stone and [[Noah Glass (Twitter)|Noah Glass]] co-founded Obvious Corporation, which then spun off Twitter, Inc., with Dorsey as the [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO).<ref name="Glaser" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Patrick |last=Hoge |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/print-edition/2011/12/23/executive-of-the-year-jack-dorsey.html |title=Executive of the Year: Jack Dorsey |newspaper=San Francisco Business Times |date=December 23, 2011 |access-date=April 30, 2017 }}</ref> As CEO, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by venture capitalists.<ref>{{cite news|author=Miller, Claire Cain|title=Twitter Sidelines One Founder and Promotes Another|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/16/ttwitter-sidelines-one-founder-and-promotes-another/#more-1642|date=October 16, 2008|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref> He reportedly lost his position for leaving work early to enjoy other pursuits, such as [[yoga]] and [[fashion design]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://nymag.com/arts/all/approvalmatrix/approval-matrix-2013-10-21/|title=The Approval Matrix|magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York magazine]]|department=Entertainment|date=October 21, 2013|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> | [[Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)|Evan Williams]], [[Biz Stone]] and [[Noah Glass (Twitter)|Noah Glass]] co-founded Obvious Corporation, which then spun off Twitter, Inc., with Dorsey as the [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO).<ref name="Glaser" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Patrick |last=Hoge |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/print-edition/2011/12/23/executive-of-the-year-jack-dorsey.html |title=Executive of the Year: Jack Dorsey |newspaper=San Francisco Business Times |date=December 23, 2011 |access-date=April 30, 2017 }}</ref> As CEO, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by venture capitalists.<ref>{{cite news|author=Miller, Claire Cain|title=Twitter Sidelines One Founder and Promotes Another|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/16/ttwitter-sidelines-one-founder-and-promotes-another/#more-1642|date=October 16, 2008|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref> He reportedly lost his position for leaving work early to enjoy other pursuits, such as [[yoga]] and [[fashion design]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://nymag.com/arts/all/approvalmatrix/approval-matrix-2013-10-21/|title=The Approval Matrix|magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York magazine]]|department=Entertainment|date=October 21, 2013|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> | ||
As the service began to grow in popularity, Dorsey chose the improvement of uptime as top priority,<ref>{{cite news|author=Wagner|first=Mitch|date=June 24, 2008|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey: Improved Uptime Is Top Priority|work=InformationWeek|url=https://www.informationweek.com/desktop/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-improved-uptime-is-top-priority/d/d-id/1068524|url-status=live|access-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717110836/https://www.informationweek.com/desktop/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-improved-uptime-is-top-priority/d/d-id/1068524|archive-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> even over creating revenue—which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn.<ref name="Wagner-2" /> Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could lead to paid features.<ref name="Wagner-2" /> | As the service began to grow in popularity, Dorsey chose the improvement of uptime as top priority,<ref>{{cite news|author=Wagner|first=Mitch|date=June 24, 2008|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey: Improved Uptime Is Top Priority|work=InformationWeek|url=https://www.informationweek.com/desktop/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-improved-uptime-is-top-priority/d/d-id/1068524|url-status=live|access-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717110836/https://www.informationweek.com/desktop/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-improved-uptime-is-top-priority/d/d-id/1068524|archive-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> even over creating revenue—which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn.<ref name="Wagner-2" /> Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could lead to paid features.<ref name="Wagner-2" /> His three guiding principles, which he says the company shares, are simplicity, constraint, and craftsmanship.<ref name="Wagner-2">{{cite news|author=Wagner, Mitch|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey Talks About Its Business Model|url=http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2008/06/twitter_ceo_jac_2.html|date=June 24, 2008|work=InformationWeek|publisher=United Business Media|access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref> | ||
On October 16, 2008,<ref name="Miller">{{cite news|author=Miller, Claire Cain|title=Popularity or Income? Two Sites Fight It Out|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/technology/start-ups/21twitter.html|date=October 20, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref> Williams took over as CEO, while Dorsey became chairman of the board.<ref>{{cite news|author=McCarthy, Caroline|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey steps down|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-10068368-36.html|date=October 16, 2008|work=CNET News|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/03/jack-dorsey |title=Jack Dorsey Tells David Kirkpatrick How It Felt to Be Ousted from Twitter and Discusses His Big New Idea: Square |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=March 3, 2011 |access-date=April 30, 2017 }}</ref> During his time as chairman, Dorsey joined several State Department delegations, including a trip to Iraq in April 2009, led by [[Jared Cohen]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/07/ff-iraq/|title=Booting Up Baghdad: Tech Execs Take a Tour in Iraq|magazine=Wired|access-date=October 24, 2020|via=www.wired.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/5204148/Founder-of-Twitter-sent-to-save-Iraq.html|title=Founder of Twitter sent to save Iraq|website=The Telegraph|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1893244,00.html|first=Mark|last=Kukis|magazine=Time|title=Is Iraq Ready for Twitter? New Media in a War Zone|date=April 23, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2020|via=content.time.com}}</ref> In November, when Iranians took to the streets in the [[2009 Iranian presidential election protests|Green Revolution]], Twitter was scheduled to conduct maintenance of its site, which would entail temporarily shutting down Twitter's servers. Dorsey responded to a request from Cohen to delay the maintenance so that it would not affect the revolution in Iran, because Iranians were using Twitter to communicate and coordinate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=Jared |title=Evaluating Iran's Twitter Revolution |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/06/evaluating-irans-twitter-revolution/58337/ |website=The Atlantic |publisher=The Atlantic |access-date=May 25, 2020 |date=June 18, 2010}}</ref> Since President Obama had announced that there would be no meddling in Iran, the move sparked controversy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/17/world/middleeast/17media.html|title=Washington Taps Into a Potent New Force in Diplomacy (Published 2009)|first1=Mark|last1=Landler|first2=Brian|last2=Stelter|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 16, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/05/02/the-consequentialist|title=An American President Abroad|first=Ryan|last=Lizza|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/will-the-revolution-be-tweeted|title=Will the Revolution be Tweeted?|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> In February 2010, Dorsey was part of another State Department delegation, this time to Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/24/world/europe/24russia.html|title=Washington Sends Delegation to Moscow, via Silicon Valley (Published 2010)|first=Ellen|last=Barry|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 23, 2010|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2010/02/24/getting-punkd-in-russia/|title=Getting punk'd in Russia|website=Fortune|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> On March 28, 2011, he returned to Twitter as executive chairman after [[Dick Costolo]] replaced Williams as CEO.<ref name="post">{{cite news|title=Jack Dorsey Officially Returns to Twitter|work=Mashable|date=March 28, 2011|url=http://mashable.com/2011/03/28/jack-dorsey-returns-to-twitter|access-date=April 30, 2017 }}</ref> On June 10, 2015, Costolo announced his resignation as CEO, effective July 1, 2015. Dorsey assumed the post of interim CEO upon Costolo's departure.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Primack |first=Dan |date=June 11, 2015 |title=Twitter CEO Dick Costolo is Out, Jack Dorsey Back In |url=http://fortune.com/2015/06/11/twitter-ceo/ |access-date=April 30, 2017 }}</ref> He was named permanent CEO on October 5, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/twitter-names-jack-dorsey-ceo-1444046580|title=Twitter Names Jack Dorsey CEO|last=Koh|first=Yoree|date=October 5, 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=October 5, 2015|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> On the day after the controversy about Twitter's new algorithms for tweets, Dorsey said it was a hoax.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Jack on Twitter|url = https://twitter.com/jack/status/696083407588106240|website = Twitter|access-date = February 7, 2016}}</ref> | On October 16, 2008,<ref name="Miller">{{cite news|author=Miller, Claire Cain|title=Popularity or Income? Two Sites Fight It Out|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/technology/start-ups/21twitter.html|date=October 20, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref> Williams took over as CEO, while Dorsey became chairman of the board.<ref>{{cite news|author=McCarthy, Caroline|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey steps down|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-10068368-36.html|date=October 16, 2008|work=CNET News|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=November 5, 2008|archive-date=July 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090729120453/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-10068368-36.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/03/jack-dorsey |title=Jack Dorsey Tells David Kirkpatrick How It Felt to Be Ousted from Twitter and Discusses His Big New Idea: Square |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=March 3, 2011 |access-date=April 30, 2017 }}</ref> During his time as chairman, Dorsey joined several State Department delegations, including a trip to Iraq in April 2009, led by [[Jared Cohen]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/07/ff-iraq/|title=Booting Up Baghdad: Tech Execs Take a Tour in Iraq|magazine=Wired|access-date=October 24, 2020|via=www.wired.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/5204148/Founder-of-Twitter-sent-to-save-Iraq.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/5204148/Founder-of-Twitter-sent-to-save-Iraq.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Founder of Twitter sent to save Iraq|website=The Telegraph|access-date=October 24, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1893244,00.html|first=Mark|last=Kukis|magazine=Time|title=Is Iraq Ready for Twitter? New Media in a War Zone|date=April 23, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2020|via=content.time.com}}</ref> In November, when Iranians took to the streets in the [[2009 Iranian presidential election protests|Green Revolution]], Twitter was scheduled to conduct maintenance of its site, which would entail temporarily shutting down Twitter's servers. Dorsey responded to a request from Cohen to delay the maintenance so that it would not affect the revolution in Iran, because Iranians were using Twitter to communicate and coordinate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=Jared |title=Evaluating Iran's Twitter Revolution |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/06/evaluating-irans-twitter-revolution/58337/ |website=The Atlantic |publisher=The Atlantic |access-date=May 25, 2020 |date=June 18, 2010}}</ref> Since President Obama had announced that there would be no meddling in Iran, the move sparked controversy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/17/world/middleeast/17media.html|title=Washington Taps Into a Potent New Force in Diplomacy (Published 2009)|first1=Mark|last1=Landler|first2=Brian|last2=Stelter|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 16, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/05/02/the-consequentialist|title=An American President Abroad|first=Ryan|last=Lizza|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/will-the-revolution-be-tweeted|title=Will the Revolution be Tweeted?|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> In February 2010, Dorsey was part of another State Department delegation, this time to Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/24/world/europe/24russia.html|title=Washington Sends Delegation to Moscow, via Silicon Valley (Published 2010)|first=Ellen|last=Barry|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 23, 2010|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2010/02/24/getting-punkd-in-russia/|title=Getting punk'd in Russia|website=Fortune|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> On March 28, 2011, he returned to Twitter as executive chairman after [[Dick Costolo]] replaced Williams as CEO.<ref name="post">{{cite news|title=Jack Dorsey Officially Returns to Twitter|work=Mashable|date=March 28, 2011|url=http://mashable.com/2011/03/28/jack-dorsey-returns-to-twitter|access-date=April 30, 2017 }}</ref> On June 10, 2015, Costolo announced his resignation as CEO, effective July 1, 2015. Dorsey assumed the post of interim CEO upon Costolo's departure.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Primack |first=Dan |date=June 11, 2015 |title=Twitter CEO Dick Costolo is Out, Jack Dorsey Back In |url=http://fortune.com/2015/06/11/twitter-ceo/ |access-date=April 30, 2017 |magazine=Fortune }}</ref> He was named permanent CEO on October 5, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/twitter-names-jack-dorsey-ceo-1444046580|title=Twitter Names Jack Dorsey CEO|last=Koh|first=Yoree|date=October 5, 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=October 5, 2015|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> On the day after the controversy about Twitter's new algorithms for tweets, Dorsey said it was a hoax.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Jack on Twitter|url = https://twitter.com/jack/status/696083407588106240|website = Twitter|access-date = February 7, 2016}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Twitter Town Hall-Dorsey Obama.png|thumb|left|Dorsey and President [[Barack Obama]] at Twitter Town Hall in July 2011]] | [[File:Twitter Town Hall-Dorsey Obama.png|thumb|left|Dorsey and President [[Barack Obama]] at Twitter Town Hall in July 2011]] | ||
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In October 2020, Dorsey was one of several tech firm CEOs subpoenaed by the [[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation|US Senate Commerce Committee]]. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Roger Wicker]], who chairs the committee, led the charge to force the CEOs of Twitter, [[Facebook]] and [[Google]] to testify about the legal immunity the tech platforms receive under [[Section 230|Section 230 of the Communications Act]] of 1996.<ref>{{cite web|first=Lauren|last=Feiner|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/01/facebook-google-and-twitter-ceos-sub.html|title=Senate committee votes to subpoena CEOs of Facebook, Google and Twitter to testify|date=October 1, 2020|access-date=October 1, 2020|website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> | In October 2020, Dorsey was one of several tech firm CEOs subpoenaed by the [[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation|US Senate Commerce Committee]]. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Roger Wicker]], who chairs the committee, led the charge to force the CEOs of Twitter, [[Facebook]] and [[Google]] to testify about the legal immunity the tech platforms receive under [[Section 230|Section 230 of the Communications Act]] of 1996.<ref>{{cite web|first=Lauren|last=Feiner|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/01/facebook-google-and-twitter-ceos-sub.html|title=Senate committee votes to subpoena CEOs of Facebook, Google and Twitter to testify|date=October 1, 2020|access-date=October 1, 2020|website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> | ||
He announced his departure from the role of Twitter's CEO on November 29, 2021. His resignation was effective immediately. Dorsey was replaced by the company's former CTO [[Parag Agrawal]]. Dorsey will continue to lead as the CEO of [[ | He announced his departure from the role of Twitter's CEO on November 29, 2021. His resignation was effective immediately. Dorsey was replaced by the company's former CTO [[Parag Agrawal]], who took over as CEO effective immediately. Dorsey will continue to lead as the CEO of [[Block, Inc.]]<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Roumeliotis|first1=Greg|last2=Dang|first2=Sheila|date=2021-11-29|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey hands reins to technology chief Agrawal|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-expected-step-down-cnbc-2021-11-29/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-30|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211130081013/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-expected-step-down-cnbc-2021-11-29/|archive-date=November 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Lauren|last=Feiner|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/29/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-is-expected-to-step-down-sources-say.html|title=Twitter CTO Parag Agrawal will replace Jack Dorsey as CEO|date=November 29, 2021|access-date=November 29, 2021|website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Feiner|first=Jessica Bursztynsky,Lauren|date=2021-11-29|title=Twitter CTO Parag Agrawal will replace Jack Dorsey as CEO|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/29/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-is-expected-to-step-down-sources-say.html|access-date=2021-12-03|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In May 2022, Dorsey left the board of directors of the social network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/social-media/jack-dorsey-leaves-twitters-board-of-directors/|title=Jack Dorsey Leaves Twitter's Board of Directors|website=CNET|date=May 25, 2022|first=Carrie|last=Mihalcik|access-date=May 26, 2022}}</ref> | ||
=== Block === | === Block === | ||
{{Main| | {{Main|Block, Inc.}} | ||
[[File:MRW 4445 (44538272181).jpg|thumb|Dorsey in 2018]] | [[File:MRW 4445 (44538272181).jpg|thumb|Dorsey in 2018]] | ||
Dorsey, along with co-founder [[Jim McKelvey]], developed a small business platform to accept debit and credit card payments on a mobile device called [[Square, Inc.|Square]], released in May 2010. The small, square-shaped device attaches to [[iPhone]], [[iPad]], [[iPod Touch]], or [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader, allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to transfer to the recipient and then sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a system for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android OS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://squareup.com/|title=Square|access-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2011/06/02/jack-dorsey-the-man-with-two-brains/|title=Jack Dorsey: The man with two brains|last=Hempel|first=Jessi|date=June 2, 2011|work=Fortune|access-date=March 12, 2018|language=en}}</ref> The company grew from 10 employees in December 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.californiahomedesign.com/blog/2011/06/30/chd-office-space-square-san-franciscos-chronicle-building |title=CH+D Office Space: Square in San Francisco's Chronicle Building |publisher=California Home + Design |date=June 30, 2011 |last=Pollock |first=Jennifer |access-date=September 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705145836/http://californiahomedesign.com/blog/2011/06/30/chd-office-space-square-san-franciscos-chronicle-building |archive-date=July 5, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> to over 100 by June 2011. Square's office is on Market Street in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://squareup.com/news/releases/2013/square-opens-new-headquarters|title=Square opens new headquarters in San Francisco, announces plans for expanded offices in New York and Kitchener-Waterloo|date=October 7, 2013|publisher=Square, Inc.|access-date=March 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142657/https://squareup.com/news/releases/2013/square-opens-new-headquarters|archive-date=April 13, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2012, ''[[Business Insider]]'' magazine valued Square Inc. at [[United States dollar|US$]]3.2 billion.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shontell, Alyssa|title=THE DIGITAL 100: The World's Most Valuable Private Tech Companies|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/2012-digital-100#7-square-32-billion-7|date=October 3, 2012|website= Business Insider|access-date=October 4, 2012}}</ref> Dorsey is CEO of Square, Inc.<ref name="Jack Dorsey Looks to Simplify Commerce With Square">{{cite web | url=http://www.wwd.com/business-news/technology/dorsey-looks-to-simplify-commerce-with-square-7365024?src=nl/mornReport/20140116 | title=Jack Dorsey Looks to Simplify Commerce With Square | publisher=WWD | date=January 16, 2014 | access-date=January 16, 2014 | author=Strugatz, Rachel}}</ref> On October 14, 2015, Square filed for an IPO to be listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite | Dorsey, along with co-founder [[Jim McKelvey]], developed a small business platform to accept debit and credit card payments on a mobile device called [[Square, Inc.|Square]], released in May 2010. The small, square-shaped device attaches to [[iPhone]], [[iPad]], [[iPod Touch]], or [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader, allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to transfer to the recipient and then sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a system for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android OS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://squareup.com/|title=Square|access-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2011/06/02/jack-dorsey-the-man-with-two-brains/|title=Jack Dorsey: The man with two brains|last=Hempel|first=Jessi|date=June 2, 2011|work=Fortune|access-date=March 12, 2018|language=en}}</ref> The company grew from 10 employees in December 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.californiahomedesign.com/blog/2011/06/30/chd-office-space-square-san-franciscos-chronicle-building |title=CH+D Office Space: Square in San Francisco's Chronicle Building |publisher=California Home + Design |date=June 30, 2011 |last=Pollock |first=Jennifer |access-date=September 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705145836/http://californiahomedesign.com/blog/2011/06/30/chd-office-space-square-san-franciscos-chronicle-building |archive-date=July 5, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> to over 100 by June 2011. Square's office is on Market Street in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://squareup.com/news/releases/2013/square-opens-new-headquarters|title=Square opens new headquarters in San Francisco, announces plans for expanded offices in New York and Kitchener-Waterloo|date=October 7, 2013|publisher=Square, Inc.|access-date=March 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142657/https://squareup.com/news/releases/2013/square-opens-new-headquarters|archive-date=April 13, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2012, ''[[Business Insider]]'' magazine valued Square Inc. at [[United States dollar|US$]]3.2 billion.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shontell, Alyssa|title=THE DIGITAL 100: The World's Most Valuable Private Tech Companies|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/2012-digital-100#7-square-32-billion-7|date=October 3, 2012|website= Business Insider|access-date=October 4, 2012}}</ref> Dorsey is CEO of Square, Inc.<ref name="Jack Dorsey Looks to Simplify Commerce With Square">{{cite web | url=http://www.wwd.com/business-news/technology/dorsey-looks-to-simplify-commerce-with-square-7365024?src=nl/mornReport/20140116 | title=Jack Dorsey Looks to Simplify Commerce With Square | publisher=WWD | date=January 16, 2014 | access-date=January 16, 2014 | author=Strugatz, Rachel}}</ref> On October 14, 2015, Square filed for an IPO to be listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = Square Files for IPO as CEO Dorsey Juggles Twitter Revamp|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-14/square-files-for-ipo-as-ceo-dorsey-juggles-twitter-revamp|website = Bloomberg.com|access-date = October 16, 2015|first = Alex Barinka alexbarinka Spencer|last = Soper| date=October 14, 2015 }}</ref> As of that date, Dorsey owned 24.4 percent of the company.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://fortune.com/2015/10/14/square-ownership-dorsey-ipo/ |magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=October 14, 2015 |access-date=November 25, 2017 |first=Leena |last=Rao |title=Who owns what at Square }}</ref> In March 2020 the [[FDIC]] permitted Square to open a bank. It announced plans to launch Square Financial Services in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/donnafuscaldo/2020/03/18/square-gets-the-nod-to-operate-a-bank/ |title=Square Gets The Nod To Operate A Bank |date=March 18, 2020 |work=Forbes |first=Donna |last=Fuscaldo |access-date=June 21, 2020 }}</ref> | ||
In May 2020, Dorsey announced that employees for Square would work | In May 2020, Dorsey announced that employees for Square would permanently become [[remote work]]ers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2020/05/19/after-announcing-twitters-permanent-work-from-home-policy-jack-dorsey-extends-same-courtesy-to-square-employees-this-could-change-the-way-people-work-where-they-live-and-how-much-theyll-be-paid/ |title=After Announcing Twitter's Permanent Remote-Work Policy, Jack Dorsey Extends Same Courtesy To Square Employees |work=[[Forbes]] |first=Jack |last=Kelly |date=May 19, 2020 | url-access=limited}}</ref> | ||
In 2020, Square began withholding for months up to 30 percent of the funds that merchants collected from customers using its [[Cash App]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://respectinvestment.com/news/square-jack-dorseys-pay-service-is-withholding-money-merchants-say-they-need |title=Square, Jack Dorsey's Pay Service, Is Withholding Money Merchants Say They Need |date=June 23, 2020 |website=Respect Investment |access-date=October 9, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419215239/https://respectinvestment.com/news/square-jack-dorseys-pay-service-is-withholding-money-merchants-say-they-need/ |archive-date=April 19, 2021 }}</ref> | In 2020, Square began withholding for months up to 30 percent of the funds that merchants collected from customers using its [[Cash App]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://respectinvestment.com/news/square-jack-dorseys-pay-service-is-withholding-money-merchants-say-they-need |title=Square, Jack Dorsey's Pay Service, Is Withholding Money Merchants Say They Need |date=June 23, 2020 |website=Respect Investment |access-date=October 9, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419215239/https://respectinvestment.com/news/square-jack-dorseys-pay-service-is-withholding-money-merchants-say-they-need/ |archive-date=April 19, 2021 }}</ref> | ||
On December | On December 1, 2021, CEO Jack Dorsey officially changed the name of the platform to Block, Inc. This was due in part to his interest in the [[blockchain]] as well as the new name encompassing the various businesses better than the current name, which is mostly associated with its merchant-payment services. The stock [[ticker symbol|ticker]] for Block, Inc. would remain "SQ".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vigna|first=Paul|date=2021-12-01|title=Square Changes Name to Block, Days After CEO Jack Dorsey Leaves Twitter|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/square-changes-name-to-block-days-after-ceo-jack-dorsey-leaves-twitter-11638394200|access-date=2021-12-02|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> | ||
=== Other projects === | === Other projects === | ||
In 2013, Dorsey expressed to [[CNN]] an admiration for [[Michael Bloomberg]],<ref name="Tapper" /> and said that he aspires to become [[mayor of New York City]].<ref name="Tapper">{{cite news|url=http://thelead.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/21/jack-dorsey-on-his-desire-to-be-mayor-of-new-york-city-steve-jobs-and-being-a-bachelor/|date=March 21, 2013|author1=Tapper, Jake|author2=Pham, Sherisse|title=Jack Dorsey on his desire to be mayor of New York City, Steve Jobs, and being a bachelor|work=CNN|publisher=Turner Broadcasting|access-date=March 25, 2013}}</ref> He served as a judge for Bloomberg's [[NYC BigApps]] competition in 2011.<ref name="Foot 4">{{cite web|title= | In 2013, Dorsey expressed to [[CNN]] an admiration for [[Michael Bloomberg]],<ref name="Tapper" /> and said that he aspires to become [[mayor of New York City]].<ref name="Tapper">{{cite news|url=http://thelead.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/21/jack-dorsey-on-his-desire-to-be-mayor-of-new-york-city-steve-jobs-and-being-a-bachelor/|date=March 21, 2013|author1=Tapper, Jake|author2=Pham, Sherisse|title=Jack Dorsey on his desire to be mayor of New York City, Steve Jobs, and being a bachelor|work=CNN|publisher=Turner Broadcasting|access-date=March 25, 2013}}</ref> He served as a judge for Bloomberg's [[NYC BigApps]] competition in 2011.<ref name="Foot 4">{{cite web|title=Mayor Bloomberg Announces Winners of NYC BigApps 2.0 Competition|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/2011a/pr104-11.html|publisher=NYC.gov|date=March 31, 2011|access-date=June 5, 2013}}</ref> | ||
Dorsey was announced as a new member of the board of directors of [[The Walt Disney Company]] on December 24, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Dorsey Joins Disney's Board Of Directors|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/23/jack-dorsey-joins-disney/?ncid=tcdaily|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc|access-date=December 25, 2013|author=Anthony Ha|date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> In January 2018, it was reported that Dorsey would not seek reelection at Disney's March annual meeting, due to increased difficulty with conflicts of interest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-13/facebook-s-sandberg-twitter-s-dorsey-to-depart-disney-board |title=Sheryl Sandberg, Jack Dorsey to Leave Disney's Board |date=January 12, 2018 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |publisher=Bloomberg |first=Christopher |last=Palmeri }}</ref> | Dorsey was announced as a new member of the board of directors of [[The Walt Disney Company]] on December 24, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Dorsey Joins Disney's Board Of Directors|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/23/jack-dorsey-joins-disney/?ncid=tcdaily|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc|access-date=December 25, 2013|author=Anthony Ha|date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> In January 2018, it was reported that Dorsey would not seek reelection at Disney's March annual meeting, due to increased difficulty with conflicts of interest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-13/facebook-s-sandberg-twitter-s-dorsey-to-depart-disney-board |title=Sheryl Sandberg, Jack Dorsey to Leave Disney's Board |date=January 12, 2018 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |publisher=Bloomberg |first=Christopher |last=Palmeri }}</ref> | ||
Dorsey is a board member of the [[Berggruen Institute]]'s Governance Center.<ref name="auto"/> Dorsey gives advice in a chapter of [[Tim Ferriss]]' book ''[[Tools of Titans]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://toolsoftitans.tools/titans.html |title=Tool Guide |website=Tools of Titans |access-date=February 11, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/19/jack-dorsey-says-the-best-investment-he-ever-made-cost-him-nothing.html |title=Jack Dorsey says the best investment he ever made cost him nothing |date=January 19, 2017 |work=CNBC |first=Kathleen |last=Elk |access-date=February 11, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/21/i-tried-twitter-ceo-jack-dorseys-morning-routine-for-a-week.html |title=I woke up at 5 am and walked 5.3 miles to work like Jack Dorsey for a week—and I'll never do it again |date=February 21, 2019 |work=CNBC |first=Kathleen |last=Elk |access-date=February 11, 2021 }}</ref> | Dorsey is a board member of the [[Berggruen Institute]]'s Governance Center.<ref name="auto"/> Dorsey gives advice in a chapter of [[Tim Ferriss]]' book ''[[Tools of Titans]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://toolsoftitans.tools/titans.html |title=Tool Guide |website=Tools of Titans |access-date=February 11, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/19/jack-dorsey-says-the-best-investment-he-ever-made-cost-him-nothing.html |title=Jack Dorsey says the best investment he ever made cost him nothing |date=January 19, 2017 |work=CNBC |first=Kathleen |last=Elk |access-date=February 11, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/21/i-tried-twitter-ceo-jack-dorseys-morning-routine-for-a-week.html |title=I woke up at 5 am and walked 5.3 miles to work like Jack Dorsey for a week—and I'll never do it again |date=February 21, 2019 |work=CNBC |first=Kathleen |last=Elk |access-date=February 11, 2021 }}</ref> | ||
Dorsey is a vocal [[Bitcoin]] advocate, and has spoken at Bitcoin conferences such as "The B Word". He has said that if he were not working on Twitter and Square, he would be working on Bitcoin.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/04/twitter-and-square-ceo-jack-dorsey-focused-on-bitcoin-btc.html |title=Jack Dorsey on bitcoin: 'I don't think there is anything more important in my lifetime to work on' |date=June 4, 2021 |work=CNBC |first=Taylor |last=Locke |access-date=December 17, 2021 }}</ref> | |||
== Personal life == | == Personal life == | ||
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=== Meditation === | === Meditation === | ||
In late 2017, Dorsey completed ten days of meditation known as [[Vipassanā]] taught by followers of [[S. N. Goenka]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-does-vipassana-meditation-2018-1 |title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey tried the meditation craze that requires no sex, drugs, or talking for 10 days |work=Business Insider |date=January 3, 2018 |first=Melia |last=Robinson |access-date=December 27, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey criticised for 'tone deaf' Myanmar tweets |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46498876 |work=BBC News |date=December 9, 2018}}</ref> In November 2018, Dorsey went on a birthday Vipassanā meditation trip to [[Buddhism in Myanmar|Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/13/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-spent-his-birthday-on-a-silent-meditation-trip.html |title=Why Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey practiced this 'extremely painful' ancient meditation technique for his birthday |date=December 13, 2018 |work=CNBC |first=Zameena |last=Mejia |access-date=December 10, 2020 }}</ref> | In 2015, Dorsey said he began his mornings with meditation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Twitter founder Jack Dorsey practices Vipassana in this Indian guru's ashram |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/the-late-indian-guru-whose-ashram-twitter-founder-jack-dorsey-goes-for-vipassana-239882-2019-11-25 |access-date=March 8, 2022 |work=Business Today |first=Melia |last=Robinson |date=January 3, 2018 }}</ref> In late 2017, Dorsey completed ten days of meditation known as [[Vipassanā]] taught by followers of [[S. N. Goenka]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-does-vipassana-meditation-2018-1 |title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey tried the meditation craze that requires no sex, drugs, or talking for 10 days |work=Business Insider |date=January 3, 2018 |first=Melia |last=Robinson |access-date=December 27, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey criticised for 'tone deaf' Myanmar tweets |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46498876 |work=BBC News |date=December 9, 2018}}</ref> In November 2018, Dorsey went on a birthday Vipassanā meditation trip to [[Buddhism in Myanmar|Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/13/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-spent-his-birthday-on-a-silent-meditation-trip.html |title=Why Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey practiced this 'extremely painful' ancient meditation technique for his birthday |date=December 13, 2018 |work=CNBC |first=Zameena |last=Mejia |access-date=December 10, 2020 }}</ref> | ||
=== Politics === | === Politics === | ||
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In August 2020, Dorsey donated $10 million to [[Boston University]]'s Center for Antiracist Research, founded by [[Ibram X. Kendi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-donates-10-million-to-ibram-x-kendis-center-on-antiracism-at-boston-university/articleshow/77665095.cms|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey donates $10 million to Ibram X. Kendi's center on antiracism at Boston University|author=Ward, Marguerite|work=Business Insider|date=August 21, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> | In August 2020, Dorsey donated $10 million to [[Boston University]]'s Center for Antiracist Research, founded by [[Ibram X. Kendi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-donates-10-million-to-ibram-x-kendis-center-on-antiracism-at-boston-university/articleshow/77665095.cms|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey donates $10 million to Ibram X. Kendi's center on antiracism at Boston University|author=Ward, Marguerite|work=Business Insider|date=August 21, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> | ||
In May 2021, he donated $15 million in his personal capacity to support relief efforts in India's COVID-19 second wave. The three [[NGO]]s were Care ($10 million), Aid India ($2.5 million), and Sewa International ($2.5 million).<ref>{{Cite web| | In May 2021, he donated $15 million in his personal capacity to support relief efforts in India's COVID-19 second wave. The three [[NGO]]s were Care ($10 million), Aid India ($2.5 million), and Sewa International ($2.5 million).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sindhu Hariharan|date=May 12, 2021|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey's aid to RSS-linked NGO sparks row {{!}} Chennai News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/row-over-dorsey-aid-to-rss-linked-ngo/articleshow/82559722.cms|access-date=2021-05-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Awards and recognition == | == Awards and recognition == | ||
* In 2008, he was named to the ''[[MIT Technology Review]]'' [[TR35]] as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/Profile.aspx?Cand=T&TRID=700|title=TR35 Young Innovator|work=Technology Review|access-date=November 5, 2008|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=2008}}</ref> | * In 2008, he was named to the ''[[MIT Technology Review]]'' [[TR35]] as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/Profile.aspx?Cand=T&TRID=700|title=TR35 Young Innovator|work=Technology Review|access-date=November 5, 2008|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=2008|archive-date=July 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702184104/http://www2.technologyreview.com/tr35/Profile.aspx?Cand=T&TRID=700|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
* In 2012, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' gave him the "Innovator of the Year Award" for technology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/image_grid/?slug=WSJMAG112012#filter=.Technology|title=Innovator of the Year Awards|work=WSJ. Magazine|access-date=March 18, 2013|publisher=Dow Jones|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123172353/http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/image_grid/?slug=WSJMAG112012#filter=.Technology|archive-date=January 23, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.college.columbia.edu/news/columbia-host-square-and-twitter-founder-jack-dorsey-september-16|title=Columbia to host Square and Twitter Founder Jack Dorsey on September 16|work=Columbia College|access-date=January 16, 2018}}</ref> | * In 2012, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' gave him the "Innovator of the Year Award" for technology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/image_grid/?slug=WSJMAG112012#filter=.Technology|title=Innovator of the Year Awards|work=WSJ. Magazine|access-date=March 18, 2013|publisher=Dow Jones|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123172353/http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/image_grid/?slug=WSJMAG112012#filter=.Technology|archive-date=January 23, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.college.columbia.edu/news/columbia-host-square-and-twitter-founder-jack-dorsey-september-16|title=Columbia to host Square and Twitter Founder Jack Dorsey on September 16|work=Columbia College|access-date=January 16, 2018}}</ref> | ||
* At the 5th Annual Crunchies Awards in 2012, hosted by [[TechCrunch]], Dorsey was named Founder of the Year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/01/31/founder-of-the-year-jack-dorsey-square-twitter/|title=Founder of the Year: Jack Dorsey (Square, Twitter)|last=TV|first=TechCrunch|work=TechCrunch|access-date=January 16, 2018|language=en}}</ref> | * At the 5th Annual Crunchies Awards in 2012, hosted by [[TechCrunch]], Dorsey was named Founder of the Year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/01/31/founder-of-the-year-jack-dorsey-square-twitter/|title=Founder of the Year: Jack Dorsey (Square, Twitter)|last=TV|first=TechCrunch|work=TechCrunch|access-date=January 16, 2018|language=en}}</ref> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{s-end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
{{Block, Inc.}} | |||
{{Twitter navbox}} | {{Twitter navbox}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
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[[Category:American technology company founders]] | [[Category:American technology company founders]] | ||
[[Category:American technology chief executives]] | [[Category:American technology chief executives]] | ||
[[Category:Block, Inc. employees]] | |||
[[Category:Businesspeople from San Francisco]] | [[Category:Businesspeople from San Francisco]] | ||
[[Category:Businesspeople from St. Louis]] | [[Category:Businesspeople from St. Louis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:20, 21 June 2022
Jack Dorsey | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Dorsey in 2014 | |
| Born | Jack Patrick Dorsey November 19, 1976 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. |
| Education |
|
| Occupation |
|
| Known for | Co-founding Twitter, Inc. and Block, Inc. |
| Title | Block Head (principal executive officer) of Block, Inc. |
| Successor | Parag Agrawal (Twitter, Inc.) |
| Board member of |
|
Jack Patrick Dorsey (born November 19, 1976)[3] is an American Internet entrepreneur, programmer, and philanthropist who is the co-founder and former CEO of Twitter, Inc., as well as the founder and principal executive officer of Block, Inc., a financial payments company.
Early life[edit | edit source]
Dorsey was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri,[4][5] the son of Tim and Marcia (née Smith) Dorsey.[6][7][8] He is of part Italian descent on his mother's side.[9] His father worked for a company that developed mass spectrometers and his mother was a homemaker.[10] He was raised Catholic, and his uncle is a Catholic priest in Cincinnati.[11] He attended Bishop DuBourg High School. In his younger days, Dorsey worked occasionally as a fashion model.[12][13][14][15][16] By age 14, Dorsey had become interested in dispatch routing. Some of the open-source software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by taxicab companies.[6] Dorsey enrolled at the University of Missouri–Rolla in 1995 and attended for two-plus years[11] before transferring to New York University in 1997, but he dropped out two years later,[17] one semester short of graduating.[11] He came up with the idea that eventually became Twitter while studying at NYU.[11][18]
While working on dispatching as a programmer, Dorsey moved to California.[19][20] In 2000, Dorsey started his company in Oakland to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web.[21] His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service market".[21] In July 2000, building on dispatching[6] and inspired in part by LiveJournal and by AOL Instant Messenger, he had the idea for a Web-based realtime status/short message communication service.[21]
When he first saw implementations of instant messaging, Dorsey wondered whether the software's user status output could be shared easily among friends.[6] He approached Odeo, which at the time happened to be interested in text messaging.[6] Dorsey and Biz Stone decided that SMS text suited the status-message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks.[6] The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from Evan Williams,[6] a co-founder of that firm in 2005 who had left Google after selling Pyra Labs and Blogger.
Career[edit | edit source]
Twitter[edit | edit source]
Evan Williams, Biz Stone and Noah Glass co-founded Obvious Corporation, which then spun off Twitter, Inc., with Dorsey as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO).[6][22] As CEO, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by venture capitalists.[23] He reportedly lost his position for leaving work early to enjoy other pursuits, such as yoga and fashion design.[24]
As the service began to grow in popularity, Dorsey chose the improvement of uptime as top priority,[25] even over creating revenue—which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn.[26] Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could lead to paid features.[26] His three guiding principles, which he says the company shares, are simplicity, constraint, and craftsmanship.[26]
On October 16, 2008,[27] Williams took over as CEO, while Dorsey became chairman of the board.[28][29] During his time as chairman, Dorsey joined several State Department delegations, including a trip to Iraq in April 2009, led by Jared Cohen.[30][31][32] In November, when Iranians took to the streets in the Green Revolution, Twitter was scheduled to conduct maintenance of its site, which would entail temporarily shutting down Twitter's servers. Dorsey responded to a request from Cohen to delay the maintenance so that it would not affect the revolution in Iran, because Iranians were using Twitter to communicate and coordinate.[33] Since President Obama had announced that there would be no meddling in Iran, the move sparked controversy.[34][35][36] In February 2010, Dorsey was part of another State Department delegation, this time to Russia.[37][38] On March 28, 2011, he returned to Twitter as executive chairman after Dick Costolo replaced Williams as CEO.[39] On June 10, 2015, Costolo announced his resignation as CEO, effective July 1, 2015. Dorsey assumed the post of interim CEO upon Costolo's departure.[40] He was named permanent CEO on October 5, 2015.[41] On the day after the controversy about Twitter's new algorithms for tweets, Dorsey said it was a hoax.[42]
In May 2016, Dorsey announced that Twitter would not count photos and links in the 140-character limit to free up more space for text. This was an attempt to entice new users, since the number of tweets per day had dropped to about 300 million in January 2016 from about 500 million in September 2013 and its peak of 661 million in August 2014.[43]
On November 22, 2016, Dorsey was briefly suspended from his own Twitter account with 3.9 million followers. After restoring the account, Dorsey tweeted that the suspension was due to an "internal mistake".[44]
In February 2017, Dorsey and Executive Chairman Omid Kordestani matched a $530,000 donation to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) raised by Twitter staffers. Their match brought the total donation to $1.59 million.[45]
In March 2018, Dorsey announced that an improved version of the verification system would be coming to Twitter. The purpose of redesigning verification was to let people verify more facts about themselves, emphasizing proof of identity.[46] The overhaul was not in place before the U.S midterm election of 2018 to help in verifying the identities of the candidates.[47]
In September 2018, Dorsey testified before the Senate Intelligence Committee alongside Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg about meddling in the 2016 presidential election. Following this testimony, Twitter shares fell six percent.[48]
.jpg)
Dorsey met privately with U.S. President Donald Trump at the White House and discussed Trump's concerns that Twitter had limited or removed some of his Twitter followers, and those of conservatives. After the meeting, Dorsey tweeted that their discussion included making Twitter "healthier and more civil".[49] A week earlier, Dorsey took part in a TED talk about the social media platform's spread of abuse and misinformation, which has brought him criticism.[50]
On August 30, 2019, Dorsey's personal Twitter account was allegedly breached for nearly an hour by a group calling itself the Chuckling Squad, posting and retweeting numerous racist tweets.[51][52]
On October 23, 2019, Twitter's stock price fell by nearly 24 percent, from $38.83 to $30.75. The reason was an earnings miss off a third quarter report, which Twitter blamed on ad targeting problems. Dorsey had been making a concerted effort to dampen the effect that Twitter had on political elections, which entailed banning all political ads. This was also seen as a large contributor to the drop. Dorsey announced that, as of November 22, 2019, Twitter would ban all political advertising. The policy applies globally to all marketing campaigns about political issues.[53]
On February 29, 2020, it was announced[54] that activist hedge fund Elliott Management led by billionaire Paul Singer was looking to oust Dorsey and nominate four directors to Twitter's board, including Elliott's senior portfolio manager Jesse Cohn.[55] Dorsey received support from entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, among others.[56] The two parties reached an agreement days later, with Dorsey remaining CEO.[57][58]
In October 2020, Dorsey was one of several tech firm CEOs subpoenaed by the US Senate Commerce Committee. Republican Roger Wicker, who chairs the committee, led the charge to force the CEOs of Twitter, Facebook and Google to testify about the legal immunity the tech platforms receive under Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1996.[59]
He announced his departure from the role of Twitter's CEO on November 29, 2021. His resignation was effective immediately. Dorsey was replaced by the company's former CTO Parag Agrawal, who took over as CEO effective immediately. Dorsey will continue to lead as the CEO of Block, Inc.[60][61][62] In May 2022, Dorsey left the board of directors of the social network.[63]
Block[edit | edit source]
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Dorsey, along with co-founder Jim McKelvey, developed a small business platform to accept debit and credit card payments on a mobile device called Square, released in May 2010. The small, square-shaped device attaches to iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, or Android devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader, allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to transfer to the recipient and then sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a system for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android OS.[64][65] The company grew from 10 employees in December 2009[66] to over 100 by June 2011. Square's office is on Market Street in San Francisco.[67] In September 2012, Business Insider magazine valued Square Inc. at US$3.2 billion.[68] Dorsey is CEO of Square, Inc.[69] On October 14, 2015, Square filed for an IPO to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange.[70] As of that date, Dorsey owned 24.4 percent of the company.[71] In March 2020 the FDIC permitted Square to open a bank. It announced plans to launch Square Financial Services in 2021.[72]
In May 2020, Dorsey announced that employees for Square would permanently become remote workers.[73]
In 2020, Square began withholding for months up to 30 percent of the funds that merchants collected from customers using its Cash App.[74]
On December 1, 2021, CEO Jack Dorsey officially changed the name of the platform to Block, Inc. This was due in part to his interest in the blockchain as well as the new name encompassing the various businesses better than the current name, which is mostly associated with its merchant-payment services. The stock ticker for Block, Inc. would remain "SQ".[75]
Other projects[edit | edit source]
In 2013, Dorsey expressed to CNN an admiration for Michael Bloomberg,[76] and said that he aspires to become mayor of New York City.[76] He served as a judge for Bloomberg's NYC BigApps competition in 2011.[77]
Dorsey was announced as a new member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company on December 24, 2013.[78] In January 2018, it was reported that Dorsey would not seek reelection at Disney's March annual meeting, due to increased difficulty with conflicts of interest.[79]
Dorsey is a board member of the Berggruen Institute's Governance Center.[2] Dorsey gives advice in a chapter of Tim Ferriss' book Tools of Titans.[80][81][82]
Dorsey is a vocal Bitcoin advocate, and has spoken at Bitcoin conferences such as "The B Word". He has said that if he were not working on Twitter and Square, he would be working on Bitcoin.[83]
Personal life[edit | edit source]
In 2012, Dorsey moved to the Sea Cliff neighborhood of San Francisco.[84]
Meditation[edit | edit source]
In 2015, Dorsey said he began his mornings with meditation.[85] In late 2017, Dorsey completed ten days of meditation known as Vipassanā taught by followers of S. N. Goenka.[86][87] In November 2018, Dorsey went on a birthday Vipassanā meditation trip to Myanmar.[88]
Politics[edit | edit source]
In 2019, Dorsey contributed financially to the campaigns of Democratic 2020 presidential candidates Tulsi Gabbard and Andrew Yang.[89]
In 2020, he donated $15 million to 29 mayors pursuing the piloting of guaranteed basic income programs in the United States.[90]
Until 2021, Dorsey applied "world leader" exceptions that enabled President Donald Trump to post content on Twitter that would normally be removed or generate sanctions per the platform's rules. In May 2020, some of Trump's tweets received warning labels, and from Election Day in November 2020, more flaggings were applied to his tweets.[91] On January 6, 2021, after pro-Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol, Twitter applied a 12-hour timeout to Trump's account for violating its Civic Integrity policy. Trump's account was suspended permanently on January 8.[92] On January 14, Dorsey defended banning Trump, but also said it "sets a precedent I feel is dangerous."[93]
Philanthropic and other donations[edit | edit source]
In March 2016, Dorsey fully funded about 600 Missouri public school projects registered at DonorsChoose.[94]
In October 2019, Dorsey donated $350,000 to #TeamTrees, a nonprofit started by YouTuber MrBeast that pledged to plant 20 million trees by the end of 2019.[95][96]
On April 7, 2020, Dorsey announced that he will move about $1 billion of his equity in Square, Inc., just under a third of his total wealth, to Start Small, LLC, and to relief programs related to the coronavirus.[97][98] He committed to funding COVID-19 relief, girls' education and health, and universal basic income.[99] Dorsey has donated $24 million to over 40 different grantees for relief efforts.[100]
In August 2020, Dorsey donated $10 million to Boston University's Center for Antiracist Research, founded by Ibram X. Kendi.[101]
In May 2021, he donated $15 million in his personal capacity to support relief efforts in India's COVID-19 second wave. The three NGOs were Care ($10 million), Aid India ($2.5 million), and Sewa International ($2.5 million).[102]
Awards and recognition[edit | edit source]
- In 2008, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.[103]
- In 2012, The Wall Street Journal gave him the "Innovator of the Year Award" for technology.[104][105]
- At the 5th Annual Crunchies Awards in 2012, hosted by TechCrunch, Dorsey was named Founder of the Year.[106]
- In 2013, he was considered by Forbes the world's most eligible bachelor.[107]
- Dorsey was ranked by Fox Business as the #4 Worst CEO of 2016, citing stagnant growth, falling stock prices, and his part-time commitment to Twitter.[108]
- In 2017, 24/7 Wall St. listed Dorsey among the 2017 Worst CEOs in America.[109][110]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "About Square". Square. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ward, Vicky (May 11, 2016). "Why Nicolas Berggruen is Creating an Institute for Geniuses". Town & Country. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
Another wing of the Berggruen Institute has technologists like Elon Musk and Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, as well as former treasury secretary Larry Summers
- ↑ "Who is Jack Dorsey, co-founder of Twitter, Square?". Atlanta Journal Constitution. May 9, 2019.
- ↑ Leonard, Tom (January 29, 2009). "Profile Twitter founders: Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone and Evan Williams". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ↑ Brown, Lisa (September 29, 2010). "Taste of St. Louis first major event to use Square". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Glaser, Mark (May 17, 2007). "Twitter Founders Thrive on Micro-Blogging Constraints". MediaShift. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
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Jack ... moved to New York, transferred to NYU, and started writing dispatch software ... 'They're all reporting constantly where they are and what work they're doing ... I thought that abstraction was so cool that I wanted that same thing for my friends.'
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- ↑ Dorsey, Jack [@Jack] (April 7, 2020). "I'm moving $1B of my Square equity (~28% of my wealth) to #startsmall LLC to fund global COVID-19 relief. After we disarm this pandemic, the focus will shift to girl's health and education, and UBI. It will operate transparently, all flows tracked here:" (Tweet). Retrieved April 7, 2020 – via Twitter.
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Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Max, D. T. (October 21, 2013). "Two-hit wonder". Profiles. The New Yorker. Vol. 89, no. 33. pp. 48–59.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Jack on Twitter
- Jack Dorsey on IMDb
- Jack Dorsey Corporate Bio at the Wayback Machine (archived June 18, 2017)
| Preceded by Position established |
Twitter CEO 2006–2008 |
Succeeded by Evan Williams |
| Preceded by Dick Costolo |
Twitter CEO 2015–2021 |
Succeeded by Parag Agrawal |