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{{About|a God|the mountain|Mount Koupalu}}
{{About|a God|the mountain|Mount Koupalu}}
{{Infobox deity
{{Infobox deity
| name = Koupalu
| type        = Meitei
| other_names = Lainingthou Awang Koubru Asuppa
| name         = Koubru
| abode = [[Mount Koupalu]]
| deity_of    = Guardian God of the North West Direction
| consort = [[Kounu]]
| member_of    = [[Maikei Ngaakpa Lai]]s and [[Umang Lai]]s
| children = [[Loyalakpa]], <br/>[[Thoudu Nungthel Leima]]
| image        = KOUPALU.jpg
| texts = [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]], [[PuYa]]s
| alt          = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] -->
| affiliation = [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])  
| caption      = "Koupalu", the [[Ancient Meitei language|Ancient Meitei]] name of God Koubru, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida
| member_of = [[Maikei Ngaakpa Lai]]s
| other_names  = Koupalu, Koubaru
| festivals = [[Lai Haraoba|Koubru Lai Haraoba]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/tag/koubru/|title=Koubru – Manipur News}}</ref>
| hiro        =
| god_of = Guardian of the North West
| Old_Norse    =
| script_name = Meitei
| script_name  =
| script = ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ ꯑꯁꯨꯞꯄ
| script      =
| weapon = Spear
| affiliation  = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])
| mount = [[White elephant]]
| cult_center  = <!-- or | cult_centre = -->
| gender = Male
| abode        = [[Mount Koubru]]
| planet      = <!-- or | world = -->
| weapon      = Spear
| battles      =
| artifacts    = <!-- or | artefacts = -->
| animals      = White elephant
| symbol      = <!-- or | symbols = -->
| adherents    =
| height      =
| age          =
| tree        =
| day          =
| color        = <!-- or | colour = -->
| number      =
| consort      = [[Kounu]]
| parents      =
| siblings    =  
| children =
* [[Loyalakpa]]
* Thoudu Nungthel Leima
* [[Lainaotabi|Koubru Namoinu]] (according to the [[Nongban Pombi Luwaoba]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&q=Nungpan+Ponpi+Luwaopa+narrates+the+romantic+saga+of+Luwang+Prince+Luwaopa+and+Koubru+Namoinee%2C+the+adopted+daughter+of+the+Koubru+King.+Myth+and+legend+fuse+together+with+divine+intervention+playing+an+important+role+in+the+narrative.&pg=PT236|title=Northeast India: A Reader|last1=Oinam|first1=Bhagat|last2=Sadokpam|first2=Dhiren A.|date=2018-05-11|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-95320-0|language=en}}</ref>)
| predecessor  =
| successor    =
| army        =
| mount        = White elephant
| texts        = [[PuYa]]s
| gender       = Male
| Greek_equivalent    =
| Roman_equivalent    =
| Etruscan_equivalent  =
| Christian_equivalent =
| Slavic_equivalent    =
| Hinduism_equivalent  =
| Canaanite_equivalent =
| equivalent1_type =
| equivalent1 =
| equivalent2_type =
| equivalent2 =
| region      =
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]]
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]]
| festivals    = [[Lai Haraoba|Koubru Lai Haraoba]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/tag/koubru/|title=Koubru – Manipur News}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Koupalu''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ}}), also spelled as '''Koubru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ}}), is a primordial deity in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]]. He is the Guardian of the North West direction.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=koubru+deity&dq=koubru+deity&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj78Oytpv3uAhWIbn0KHT4VCekQ6AEwA3oECAYQAw</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=koubru+deity&dq=koubru+deity&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5qayNp_3uAhXMfX0KHWeqAXA4ChDoATAGegQIBBAD</ref> Legend says he is the founder of civilization in [[Ancient Manipur]] ([[Antique Kangleipak]]),<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=koubru+deity&dq=koubru+deity&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj78Oytpv3uAhWIbn0KHT4VCekQ6AEwA3oECAYQAw</ref> starting from the [[Mount Koupalu]] ([[Mount Koubru]]), a peak where he abodes, in north-western [[Manipur]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8F5uAAAAMAAJ&q=koubru+deity&dq=koubru+deity&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5qayNp_3uAhXMfX0KHWeqAXA4ChDoATAFegQIAxAD</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fXDiAAAAMAAJ&q=koubru+deity&dq=koubru+deity&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj78Oytpv3uAhWIbn0KHT4VCekQ6AEwBXoECAQQAw</ref>
{{Meitei deities}}
'''Koubru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ}}), also spelt as '''Koupalu''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ}}), is a primordial deity in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]]. He is the Guardian of the North West direction.<ref name="Prakash 2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+A+wang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA1543|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|last=Prakash|first=Col Ved|date=2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0706-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur: A Study|last=Singh|first=N. Tombi|date=1972|publisher=Available with Raj Stores|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East|last=Brara|first=N. Vijaylakshmi|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Devi 2002">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+Awang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA12|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref> Legend says he is the founder of civilization in [[Ancient Manipur]],<ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books" /> starting from the [[Mount Koubru]], a peak where he abodes, in north-western [[Manipur]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=Manipuri+civilization+began+taking+shape+on+the+Koubru+Peak+which+lies+North-West+of+the+Manipur+valley&pg=PA62|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXDiAAAAMAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=Horam|first2=M.|last3=Rizvi|first3=S. H. M.|date=1998|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7046-127-2|language=en}}</ref>


==References==
God Koubru resides in the [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill). The [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill) is the first place of settlement of the [[Meitei ethnicity]], including the [[Loi]]s of [[Andro]], [[Khurkhul]], [[Phayeng]] and [[Sekmai]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/>
 
== Origin ==
The traditional hymns supplement the theory of origin.
<blockquote>
Awang Koubru Assupa<br />
Leimalai Khunda Ahanba.<br />
Nongthrei Ma-U Lingliba,<br />
Irik Mapan Thariba,<br />
Lainingthou!
</blockquote>
English translation of the above passage:
<blockquote>
North Koubru all-inclusive (pervasive)<br />
Leima Lai first habitation,<br />
Heaven-flower all things seen established,<br />
Blood drop (Blood cell) planters,<br />
O! [[Lainingthou]] (King of Gods)!<ref name="Singh 11">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&dq=koubru&pg=PA11|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en|pages=11}}</ref>
</blockquote>
This is the hymn of invocation of God Koubru (Koupalu in [[PuYa]]s).<ref name="Singh 11"/>
 
== Description ==
Lord Koubru is the [[Omniscient]] and the [[Omnipotent]] Guardian God. He lives on the top of [[Mount Koubru]].<ref name="Bareh 2001">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XScmdGvMf7IC&dq=Koubru+omniscient+omnipotent+male+guardian+deity+loi+inhabitants+excluding+andro&pg=PA182|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|last=Bareh|first=Hamlet|date=2001|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-790-0|language=en}}</ref>
God Koubru, the Heavenly Lord, is said to be the controller of the nine underground wells/tunnels. These are associated with the birth and death of the mankind. The 9 tunnels are sacred to the [[Meitei people]]. So, these are still worshipped by the Meiteis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&dq=koubru&pg=PA12|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|language=en|pages=12}}</ref>
 
== Worship ==
In the [[Lai Haraoba]] festival, a ritualistic folk song dedicated to God Koubru is sung like this:
<blockquote>
Awang Koubru Assupa<br />
Eeyen Khunda Ahanba
</blockquote>
English translation of the above passage:
<blockquote>
Koubru of the North,
You are the overlord<br />
You are the first place of settlement.<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/>
</blockquote>
The [[Meitei people|Meiteis]] offer a beautiful [[puppy]] to God Koubru to free themselves from the sufferings.<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/>
The [[Loi]] caste of the [[Meitei ethnicity]] worship God Koubru on every occasion, including [[birth]], [[marriage]] and [[death]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/> All the Loi villagers excluding [[Andro]] are the worshipers of God Koubru.<ref name="Bareh 2001"/>
 
== Related pages ==
* [[Marjing]] - north east protector
* [[Thangjing]] - south west protector
* [[Wangbren]] - south east protector
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Koubru&sin=TXT Koubru_archive.org]
* [http://e-pao.net/epSearchResults.asp?cx=partner-pub-3342616103029311%3A3788634109&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Koubru&sa.x=0&sa.y=0 Koubru_e-pao.net]
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]]
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]]
{{religion-stub}}
{{simple-Wikipedia}}
{{simple-Wikipedia}}

Revision as of 18:12, 16 March 2022

This article is about a God. For the mountain, see Mount Koupalu.
Koubru
Guardian God of the North West Direction
Member of Maikei Ngaakpa Lais and Umang Lais
KOUPALU.jpg
"Koupalu", the Ancient Meitei name of God Koubru, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida
Other namesKoupalu, Koubaru
AffiliationMeitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
AbodeMount Koubru
WeaponSpear
AnimalsWhite elephant
MountWhite elephant
TextsPuYas
GenderMale
Ethnic groupMeitei ethnicity
FestivalsKoubru Lai Haraoba[1]
Personal information
ConsortKounu
Children
Meitei gods and goddesses
series
PANTHOIPI.jpg
Heavenly gods and goddesses
Netherworld gods and goddesses

Koubru (Meitei: ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ), also spelt as Koupalu (Old Manipuri: ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ), is a primordial deity in Meitei mythology and religion. He is the Guardian of the North West direction.[3][4][5][6] Legend says he is the founder of civilization in Ancient Manipur,[4] starting from the Mount Koubru, a peak where he abodes, in north-western Manipur.[3][6][7][8]

God Koubru resides in the Mount Koubru (Koubru Hill). The Mount Koubru (Koubru Hill) is the first place of settlement of the Meitei ethnicity, including the Lois of Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai.[3][6]

Origin

The traditional hymns supplement the theory of origin.

Awang Koubru Assupa
Leimalai Khunda Ahanba.
Nongthrei Ma-U Lingliba,
Irik Mapan Thariba,
Lainingthou!

English translation of the above passage:

North Koubru all-inclusive (pervasive)
Leima Lai first habitation,
Heaven-flower all things seen established,
Blood drop (Blood cell) planters,
O! Lainingthou (King of Gods)![9]

This is the hymn of invocation of God Koubru (Koupalu in PuYas).[9]

Description

Lord Koubru is the Omniscient and the Omnipotent Guardian God. He lives on the top of Mount Koubru.[10] God Koubru, the Heavenly Lord, is said to be the controller of the nine underground wells/tunnels. These are associated with the birth and death of the mankind. The 9 tunnels are sacred to the Meitei people. So, these are still worshipped by the Meiteis.[11]

Worship

In the Lai Haraoba festival, a ritualistic folk song dedicated to God Koubru is sung like this:

Awang Koubru Assupa
Eeyen Khunda Ahanba

English translation of the above passage:

Koubru of the North, You are the overlord
You are the first place of settlement.[3][6]

The Meiteis offer a beautiful puppy to God Koubru to free themselves from the sufferings.[3][6] The Loi caste of the Meitei ethnicity worship God Koubru on every occasion, including birth, marriage and death.[3][6] All the Loi villagers excluding Andro are the worshipers of God Koubru.[10]

Related pages

References

  1. ↑ "Koubru – Manipur News".
  2. ↑ Oinam, Bhagat; Sadokpam, Dhiren A. (2018-05-11). Northeast India: A Reader. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-95320-0.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0706-9.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Singh, N. Tombi (1972). Manipur: A Study. Available with Raj Stores.
  5. ↑ Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
  7. ↑ Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
  8. ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh; Horam, M.; Rizvi, S. H. M. (1998). Manipur. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-7046-127-2.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bareh, Hamlet (2001). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-790-0.
  11. ↑ Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.

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