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{{Short description|Musi River or Musinuru or moosa River is a tributary of the Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau flowing through Telangana state in India. Hyderabad stands on the banks of Musi river, which divides the historic old city and the new city. Himayat Sagar and Osman Sagar are dams built on it which used to act as source of water for Hyderabad. The river was known as Nerva during Qutub Shahi period. The river originates in Ananthagiri Hills near Vikarabad. It generally flows in easterly direction, turning South at Chittaloor. It flows into the Krishna River at Vadapally, near Miryalaguda in Nalgonda district.}} | {{Short description|Musi River or Muchukunda River or Musinuru or moosa River is a tributary of the Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau flowing through Telangana state in India. Hyderabad stands on the banks of Muchukunda River or Musi river, which divides the historic old city and the new city. Himayat Sagar and Osman Sagar are dams built on it which used to act as source of water for Hyderabad. The river was known as Nerva during Qutub Shahi period. The river originates in Ananthagiri Hills near Vikarabad. It generally flows in easterly direction, turning South at Chittaloor. It flows into the Krishna River at Vadapally, near Miryalaguda in Nalgonda district.}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox river | {{Infobox river | ||
| name = Musi River or moosa nadi | | name = Musi River or moosa nadi or Muchukunda River | ||
| name_native = Musi | | name_native = Musi or Muchukunda | ||
| name_native_lang = | | name_native_lang = | ||
| name_other = | | name_other = | ||
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| extra = | | extra = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Musi River''' or Musinuru or moosa River is a tributary of the [[Krishna River]] in the [[Deccan Plateau]] flowing through [[Telangana]] state in [[India]]. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] stands on the banks of Musi river, which divides the historic old city and the new city. [[Himayat Sagar]] and [[Osman Sagar]] are dams built on it which used to act as source of water for Hyderabad. The river was known as Nerva during Qutub Shahi period. The river originates in [[Ananthagiri_Hills,_Vikarabad_district|Ananthagiri Hills]] near [[Vikarabad]]. It generally flows in easterly direction, turning South at Chittaloor. It flows into the Krishna River at [[Vadapally]], near [[Miryalaguda]] in Nalgonda district. | '''Musi River''' or Muchukunda River or Musinuru or moosa River is a tributary of the [[Krishna River]] in the [[Deccan Plateau]] flowing through [[Telangana]] state in [[India]]. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] stands on the banks of Muchukunda River or Musi river, which divides the historic old city and the new city. [[Himayat Sagar]] and [[Osman Sagar]] are dams built on it which used to act as source of water for Hyderabad. The river was known as Nerva during Qutub Shahi period. The river originates in [[Ananthagiri_Hills,_Vikarabad_district|Ananthagiri Hills]] near [[Vikarabad]]. It generally flows in easterly direction, turning South at Chittaloor. It flows into the Krishna River at [[Vadapally]], near [[Miryalaguda]] in Nalgonda district. | ||
==Places of interest== | ==Places of interest== | ||
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{{Main|Great Musi Flood|2020 Hyderabad floods}} | {{Main|Great Musi Flood|2020 Hyderabad floods}} | ||
{{Wide image|SC - GHY Special (28140164286).jpg|700px| Railway bridge over Musi river}} | {{Wide image|SC - GHY Special (28140164286).jpg|700px| Railway bridge over Musi river}} | ||
The Musi river was the cause of frequent flood devastation of Hyderabad city until the early decades of the 20th century. On 28 September 1908, Hyderabad was flooded, which included 17 inches of rain in one day, killing around 15,000 people.<ref name=the-hindu1>{{cite news|last=Ifthekhar|first=J.S|title=Remembering the deluge of 1908|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/remembering-the-deluge-of-1908/article3944923.ece |date=28 September 2012|access-date=30 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> | The Muchukunda River or Musi river was the cause of frequent flood devastation of Hyderabad city until the early decades of the 20th century. On 28 September 1908, Hyderabad was flooded, which included 17 inches of rain in one day, killing around 15,000 people.<ref name=the-hindu1>{{cite news|last=Ifthekhar|first=J.S|title=Remembering the deluge of 1908|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/remembering-the-deluge-of-1908/article3944923.ece |date=28 September 2012|access-date=30 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> | ||
The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. This necessitated planned, phased development.<ref name=Murali>{{cite news|last=Murali|first=D|title=Floods proved a blessing in disguise|url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|access-date=17 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108132827/http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-04-22|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=TOI>{{cite news|last=Shahid|first=Sajjad|title=Sitamber: the harbinger of torment|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-30/hyderabad/34177011_1_musi-bus-terminus-ends-today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809131747/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-30/hyderabad/34177011_1_musi-bus-terminus-ends-today|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2013|date=30 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 September 2012}}</ref> | The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. This necessitated planned, phased development.<ref name=Murali>{{cite news|last=Murali|first=D|title=Floods proved a blessing in disguise|url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|access-date=17 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108132827/http://www.hindu.com/pp/2006/04/22/stories/2006042200130300.htm|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-04-22|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=TOI>{{cite news|last=Shahid|first=Sajjad|title=Sitamber: the harbinger of torment|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-30/hyderabad/34177011_1_musi-bus-terminus-ends-today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809131747/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-30/hyderabad/34177011_1_musi-bus-terminus-ends-today|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2013|date=30 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 September 2012}}</ref> | ||
[[Abdallah Ahmed Bin Mahfooz]] submitted his report on 1 October 1909, with recommendations on preventing a recurrence of floods and improving civic amenities. However, there are conflicting reports that Sir | [[Abdallah Ahmed Bin Mahfooz]] submitted his report on 1 October 1909, with recommendations on preventing a recurrence of floods and improving civic amenities. However, there are conflicting reports that Sir | ||
M. Visvesvaraya was engaged by the erstwhile Nizam to help design the drainage system and prevent floods. [[Nizam VII]] constituted a City Improve Trust in 1912. He built a flood control system on the river. A dam was built in 1920 across the river, ten miles (16 km) upstream from the city called [[Osman Sagar]]. In 1927 another reservoir was built on Esi (a tributary of Musi) and named [[Himayat Sagar]]. These lakes prevented the flooding of the River Musi and are major drinking water sources for Hyderabad city.<ref name=TOI/><ref>{{cite news|title=Chequered past|url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2004/02/11/stories/2004021100220300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 February 2004|access-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117025716/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2004/02/11/stories/2004021100220300.htm|archive-date=2010-01-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> | M. Visvesvaraya was engaged by the erstwhile Nizam to help design the drainage system and prevent floods. [[Nizam VII]] constituted a City Improve Trust in 1912. He built a flood control system on the river. A dam was built in 1920 across the river, ten miles (16 km) upstream from the city called [[Osman Sagar]]. In 1927 another reservoir was built on Esi (a tributary of Muchukunda or Musi) and named [[Himayat Sagar]]. These lakes prevented the flooding of the Muchukunda River or River Musi and are major drinking water sources for Hyderabad city.<ref name=TOI/><ref>{{cite news|title=Chequered past|url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2004/02/11/stories/2004021100220300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 February 2004|access-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117025716/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2004/02/11/stories/2004021100220300.htm|archive-date=2010-01-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
==Current status== | ==Current status== | ||
Revision as of 11:52, 7 December 2021
| Musi River or moosa nadi or Muchukunda River | |
|---|---|
 Musi river seen from Nayapul bridge in Hyderabad | |
| Native name | Musi or Muchukunda |
| Location | |
| State | Telangana |
| Origin | Ananthagiri Hills, Vikarabad |
| Basin features | |
| Bridges | Purana Pul Naya Pul |
Musi River or Muchukunda River or Musinuru or moosa River is a tributary of the Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau flowing through Telangana state in India. Hyderabad stands on the banks of Muchukunda River or Musi river, which divides the historic old city and the new city. Himayat Sagar and Osman Sagar are dams built on it which used to act as source of water for Hyderabad. The river was known as Nerva during Qutub Shahi period. The river originates in Ananthagiri Hills near Vikarabad. It generally flows in easterly direction, turning South at Chittaloor. It flows into the Krishna River at Vadapally, near Miryalaguda in Nalgonda district.
Places of interest
- Telangana High Court
- City college
- Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station
- Osmania General Hospital
- Salar Jung Museum
- State Central Library
Floods
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The Muchukunda River or Musi river was the cause of frequent flood devastation of Hyderabad city until the early decades of the 20th century. On 28 September 1908, Hyderabad was flooded, which included 17 inches of rain in one day, killing around 15,000 people.[1]
The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. This necessitated planned, phased development.[2][3]
Abdallah Ahmed Bin Mahfooz submitted his report on 1 October 1909, with recommendations on preventing a recurrence of floods and improving civic amenities. However, there are conflicting reports that Sir M. Visvesvaraya was engaged by the erstwhile Nizam to help design the drainage system and prevent floods. Nizam VII constituted a City Improve Trust in 1912. He built a flood control system on the river. A dam was built in 1920 across the river, ten miles (16 km) upstream from the city called Osman Sagar. In 1927 another reservoir was built on Esi (a tributary of Muchukunda or Musi) and named Himayat Sagar. These lakes prevented the flooding of the Muchukunda River or River Musi and are major drinking water sources for Hyderabad city.[3][4]
Current status
Due to indiscriminate urbanization and lack of planning, the river had earlier become a receptacle of untreated domestic and industrial waste dumping out of Hyderabad. It was estimated that nearly 350 MLD of polluted water and sewage originating from Hyderabad and Secunderabad flow into the river. Efforts to clean it have failed. The river water downstream of the cities remained highly polluted and considered to be a major disaster in Hyderabad.
Musi is now one of the most polluted rivers in India. Recent studies have shown presence of super bugs in the water of Musi. Researchers and some drug company employees say the presence of more than 300 drug firms, combined with lax oversight and inadequate water treatment, has left the river laced with antibiotics, making this a giant Petri dish for anti-microbial resistance. Drug makers including large Indian firms Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd REDY.NS, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd ARBN.NS and Hetero Drugs Ltd, and U.S. giant Mylan Inc MYL.O discharge effluents into waterways, Musi is now "critically polluted" These Drug-Resistance Super bugs are serious threat to people as these Bacteria is resistant to almost every know antibiotics.
References and notes
- ↑ Ifthekhar, J.S (28 September 2012). "Remembering the deluge of 1908". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ↑ Murali, D (22 April 2006). "Floods proved a blessing in disguise". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shahid, Sajjad (30 September 2012). "Sitamber: the harbinger of torment". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ↑ "Chequered past". The Hindu. 11 February 2004. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2015.