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->Rlink2 m archive link repair, may include: archive.* -> archive.today, and http->https for ghostarchive.org and archive.org |
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| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Rajkot State]], [[British India]] | | birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Rajkot State]], [[British India]] | ||
| death_date = 5 April 1956 (aged 63) | | death_date = 5 April 1956 (aged 63) | ||
| death_place = [[ | | death_place = [[Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal|Phoenix]], [[KwaZulu-Natal Province]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] | ||
| parents = [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] <br>[[Kasturba Gandhi]] | | parents = [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] <br>[[Kasturba Gandhi]] | ||
| spouse = Sushila Mashruwala (1927–1956) | | spouse = Sushila Mashruwala (1927–1956) | ||
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== Life == | == Life == | ||
Manilal was born in [[Rajkot]], [[British India]]. His early years were spent in Rajkot, and in 1897 he traveled to South Africa for the first time. The family lived for a time in Durban and Johannesburg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Dhupelia-Mesthrie|first=Uma|date=2007|title=Gandhi's South African Family|journal=India International Centre Quarterly|volume=34|issue=2|pages=34–45|jstor=23006303}}</ref> Between 1906 and 1914 he lived at the [[Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal|Phoenix Settlement]] (in KwaZulu-Natal) and [[Tolstoy Farm]] (in Gauteng), both settlements established by his father.<ref name=":0" /> | Manilal was born in [[Rajkot]], [[British India]]. His early years were spent in Rajkot, and in 1897 he traveled to South Africa for the first time. The family lived for a time in Durban and Johannesburg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Dhupelia-Mesthrie|first=Uma|date=2007|title=Gandhi's South African Family|journal=India International Centre Quarterly|volume=34|issue=2|pages=34–45|jstor=23006303}}</ref> Between 1906 and 1914, he lived at the [[Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal|Phoenix Settlement]] (in KwaZulu-Natal) and [[Tolstoy Farm]] (in Gauteng), both settlements established by his father.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
After a brief visit to India, | After a brief visit to India, Manilal returned to South Africa in 1917 to assist in printing the ''[[Indian Opinion]]'', a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-[[English language|English]] weekly publication, at Phoenix, [[Durban]]. By 1918, Manilal was doing most of the work for the press and took over in 1920 as editor. | ||
In 1927, Manilal married Sushila Mashruwala (24 August | In 1927, Manilal married Sushila Mashruwala (24 August 1907 – 1988),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/|title=Remembering Sushila Gandhi 1907-1988|last1=Prasad|first1=Archana|date=21 August 2013|publisher=gandhiforchildren.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519175828/http://www.gandhiforchildren.org/remembering-sushila-gandhi/|archive-date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref> and had two daughters, Sita (b. 1928) and [[Ela Gandhi|Ela]] (b. 1940); and one son, [[Arun Manilal Gandhi|Arun]] (b. 1934). | ||
Like his father, Manilal was also sent to prison several times by the [[British India|British colonial government]] after protesting against unjust laws. He was one of the initial 78 marchers to accompany Gandhi on the [[Salt March|1930 Salt March]], for which he was imprisoned.<ref name=":0" /> | Like his father, Manilal was also sent to prison several times by the [[British India|British colonial government]] after protesting against what he perceived as unjust laws. He was one of the initial 78 marchers to accompany Gandhi on the [[Salt March|1930 Salt March]], for which he was imprisoned.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
He remained editor of ''Indian Opinion'' until 1956, the year of his death.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manilal Gandhi Dead|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560406&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=19 February 2018|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Indian Express|date=6 April 1956|pages=1, 8}}</ref> Manilal died from a [[cerebral thrombosis]] following a [[stroke]]. | He remained editor of ''Indian Opinion'' until 1956, the year of his death.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manilal Gandhi Dead|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560406&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=19 February 2018|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Indian Express|date=6 April 1956|pages=1, 8}}</ref> Manilal died from a [[cerebral thrombosis]] following a [[stroke]]. | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
* Mesthrie, Uma Dhupelia. ''Gandhi’s | * Mesthrie, Uma Dhupelia. ''Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal''. Permanent Black: Cape Town, South Africa, 2003. | ||
* [https://archive. | * [https://archive.today/20121225043228/http://www.history.ukzn.ac.za/ojs/index.php/jnzh/article/viewArticle/300 Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma, "Writing the Life of Manilal Mohandas Gandhi," ''Journal of Natal and Zulu History'' 24 & 25 (2006-2007): 188-213.] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{Refbegin}} | {{Refbegin}} | ||
*[https://archive. | *[https://archive.today/20120728122533/http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/archive/gandhi-intvw2002.asp Interview of Ela Gandhi] | ||
* The [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/ African Activist Archive Project] website has an [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=5 Interview with Manilal Gandhi] conducted in South Africa in September 1954 by George M. Houser. At the time he was editor of newspaper Indian Opinion and ran the [[Phoenix Settlement]], both established by his father. There is also a 1947 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=467 Manilal Gandhi at the Community Church of New York], a September 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=394 Mr. and Mrs. Manilal Gandhi at Phoenix Settlement] and a 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=455 Chief Albert Luthuli and Manilal Gandhi.] Four issues of the newsletter Bulletin: Americans for South African Resistance has information about him: [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1784 September 1952 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1775 14 January 1953 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1777 27 February 1953 issue], and the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1781 1 March 1954 issue.] | * The [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/ African Activist Archive Project] website has an [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=5 Interview with Manilal Gandhi] conducted in South Africa in September 1954 by George M. Houser. At the time he was editor of newspaper Indian Opinion and ran the [[Phoenix Settlement]], both established by his father. There is also a 1947 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=467 Manilal Gandhi at the Community Church of New York], a September 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=394 Mr. and Mrs. Manilal Gandhi at Phoenix Settlement] and a 1954 photograph of [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=455 Chief Albert Luthuli and Manilal Gandhi.] Four issues of the newsletter Bulletin: Americans for South African Resistance has information about him: [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1784 September 1952 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1775 14 January 1953 issue], the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1777 27 February 1953 issue], and the [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=1781 1 March 1954 issue.] | ||
{{Refend}} | {{Refend}} | ||
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[[Category:Anti-apartheid activists]] | [[Category:Anti-apartheid activists]] | ||
[[Category:People from Rajkot]] | [[Category:People from Rajkot]] | ||
[[Category:Deaths from thrombosis]] | [[Category:Deaths from cerebral thrombosis]] | ||
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]] | [[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]] | ||
[[Category:South African Indian Congress politicians]] | [[Category:South African Indian Congress politicians]] | ||
Revision as of 00:49, 26 November 2021
Mani Gandhi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 28 October 1892 |
| Died | 5 April 1956 (aged 63) |
| Spouse(s) | Sushila Mashruwala (1927–1956) |
| Children | 3, including Arun Manilal and Ela |
| Parent(s) | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Kasturba Gandhi |
Manilal Mohandas Gandhi (28 October 1892 – 5 April 1956)[1][2] was the second son of Mohandas Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi.
Life
Manilal was born in Rajkot, British India. His early years were spent in Rajkot, and in 1897 he traveled to South Africa for the first time. The family lived for a time in Durban and Johannesburg.[3] Between 1906 and 1914, he lived at the Phoenix Settlement (in KwaZulu-Natal) and Tolstoy Farm (in Gauteng), both settlements established by his father.[3]
After a brief visit to India, Manilal returned to South Africa in 1917 to assist in printing the Indian Opinion, a Gujarati-English weekly publication, at Phoenix, Durban. By 1918, Manilal was doing most of the work for the press and took over in 1920 as editor.
In 1927, Manilal married Sushila Mashruwala (24 August 1907 – 1988),[4] and had two daughters, Sita (b. 1928) and Ela (b. 1940); and one son, Arun (b. 1934).
Like his father, Manilal was also sent to prison several times by the British colonial government after protesting against what he perceived as unjust laws. He was one of the initial 78 marchers to accompany Gandhi on the 1930 Salt March, for which he was imprisoned.[3]
He remained editor of Indian Opinion until 1956, the year of his death.[5] Manilal died from a cerebral thrombosis following a stroke.
Legacy
Manilal's children Arun and Ela are also social-political activists. Uma D. Mesthrie, Sita's daughter, recently published a biography on Manilal.[6]
Notes
- Mesthrie, Uma Dhupelia. Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal. Permanent Black: Cape Town, South Africa, 2003.
- Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma, "Writing the Life of Manilal Mohandas Gandhi," Journal of Natal and Zulu History 24 & 25 (2006-2007): 188-213.
References
- ↑ "Library of Congress LCCN Permalink n90712835". lccn.loc.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ↑ Dhupelia-Mesthrie: Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal, p. 384
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma (2007). "Gandhi's South African Family". India International Centre Quarterly. 34 (2): 34–45. JSTOR 23006303.
- ↑ Prasad, Archana (21 August 2013). "Remembering Sushila Gandhi 1907-1988". gandhiforchildren.org. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
- ↑ "Manilal Gandhi Dead". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 6 April 1956. pp. 1, 8. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
- ↑ Uma Dhupelia Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son Manilal. (Permanent Black: Cape Town, South Africa, 2003).
External links
- Interview of Ela Gandhi
- The African Activist Archive Project website has an Interview with Manilal Gandhi conducted in South Africa in September 1954 by George M. Houser. At the time he was editor of newspaper Indian Opinion and ran the Phoenix Settlement, both established by his father. There is also a 1947 photograph of Manilal Gandhi at the Community Church of New York, a September 1954 photograph of Mr. and Mrs. Manilal Gandhi at Phoenix Settlement and a 1954 photograph of Chief Albert Luthuli and Manilal Gandhi. Four issues of the newsletter Bulletin: Americans for South African Resistance has information about him: September 1952 issue, the 14 January 1953 issue, the 27 February 1953 issue, and the 1 March 1954 issue.