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'''''Trimeresurus septentrionalis''''', [[common name|commonly known]] as the '''northern white-lipped pit viper''',<ref name="Gum04">Gumprecht A, Tillack F, [[:fr:Nikolaï Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], Ryabov S. 2004. ''Asian Pitvipers''. GeitjeBooks. Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref> is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Crotalinae|pit viper]] [[species]] [[ | '''''Trimeresurus septentrionalis''''', [[common name|commonly known]] as the '''northern white-lipped pit viper''',<ref name="Gum04">Gumprecht A, Tillack F, [[:fr:Nikolaï Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], Ryabov S. 2004. ''Asian Pitvipers''. GeitjeBooks. Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref> is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Crotalinae|pit viper]] [[species]] found in [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]] and [[India]].<ref name="NRDB"/><ref name="Lev03">{{cite journal |last1=Leviton |first1=A.E. |last2=Wogan |first2=G.O.U. |last3=Koo |first3=M.S. |last4=Zug |first4=G.R. |last5=Lucas |first5=R.S. |last6=Vindum |first6=J.V. |name-list-style=amp |title=The dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar. Illustrated checklist with keys |journal=Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences |year=2003 |volume=54 |issue=24 |pages=407–462 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/4542/VZ_Leviton_al2003-dangVen.pdf }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830183051/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/vert/reptiles/Publications/levitonal2003-dangven.pdf |date=2006-08-30 }}</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
Total length males 610 mm, females 730 mm.<ref name="NRDB">{{NRDB species|genus=Trimeresurus|species=septentrionalis}}</ref> | Total length males 610 mm, females 730 mm.<ref name="NRDB">{{NRDB species|genus=Trimeresurus|species=septentrionalis}}</ref> | ||
The head scalation consists of | The head scalation consists of 10–11(12) [[upper labials]], the first of which are fused to the nasal. The head scales are small, subequal and feebly imbricate, smooth or weakly keeled. The [[supraoculars]] are narrow and undivided with 9–11 interocular scales between them. The temporal scales are smooth.<ref name="NRDB"/> | ||
Midbody there are 21 longitudinal dorsal scale rows. There are | Midbody there are 21 longitudinal dorsal scale rows. There are 162–172 ventrals in males, 160–181 in females. The subcaudals are paired and number 68–83 in males, 55–71 in females. The [[Hemipenis|hemipenes]] are without spines.<ref name="NRDB"/> | ||
The colour pattern is green above. The belly is green, yellowish or white below. A faint ventrolateral stripe present in all males, but absent in females. The end of tail not mottled brown.<ref name="NRDB"/> | The colour pattern is green above. The belly is green, yellowish or white below. A faint ventrolateral stripe present in all males, but absent in females. The end of tail not mottled brown.<ref name="NRDB"/> | ||
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==Geographic range== | ==Geographic range== | ||
It is found in Bangladesh, Nepal and northwestern India ([[Shimla|Simla]]).<ref name="Lev03"/> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is given as "Nepal 83<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 55' 28<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 15' 1500 m (Nähe Pokhara)". Regenass & Kramer (1981) list the type locality as "Hyangcha (Nepal) 83<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 55' E.L. 28<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 15' N.B. 1500 m". Holotype: MHNG 1404.31.<ref name="McD99"/> | It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and northwestern India ([[Shimla|Simla]]).<ref name="NRDB"/><ref name="Lev03"/> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is given as "Nepal 83<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 55' 28<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 15' 1500 m (Nähe Pokhara)". Regenass & Kramer (1981) list the type locality as "Hyangcha (Nepal) 83<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 55' E.L. 28<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>o</sup></span> 15' N.B. 1500 m". Holotype: MHNG 1404.31.<ref name="McD99"/> | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
Elevated to a [[species]], ''T. septentrionalis'', by Giannasi et al. (2001).<ref name="Gia01">Giannasi | Elevated to a [[species]], ''T. septentrionalis'', by Giannasi et al. (2001).<ref name="Gia01">{{cite journal |last1=Giannasi |first1=Nicholas |last2=Thorpe |first2=Roger S. |last3=Malhotra |first3=Anita |title=The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a medically important snake, ''Trimeresurus albolabris'' |journal=Molecular Ecology |date=2001 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=419–426 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01220.x |pmid=11298956}}</ref> Returned to a subspecies, ''T. a. septentrionalis'', by Leviton et al. (2003). Elevated to a species in another [[genus]], ''Cryptelytrops septentrionalis'', by Malhotra & Thorpe (2004). Returned to genus ''Trimeresurus'' and placed in [[subgenus]] ''Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus)'' by David et al. (2011). (See synonyms.) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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* Kramer E. 1977. ''Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals''. Rev. suisse Zool. '''84''' (3): 721-761. | * Kramer E. 1977. ''Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals''. Rev. suisse Zool. '''84''' (3): 721-761. | ||
* Parkinson CL. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia '''1999''' (3): 576-586 | * Parkinson CL. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia '''1999''' (3): 576-586 | ||
* Tu | * {{cite journal |last1=Tu |first1=Ming-Chung |last2=Wang |first2=Hurng-Yi |last3=Tsai |first3=Mung-Pei |last4=Toda |first4=Mamoru |last5=Lee |first5=Wen-Jen |last6=Zhang |first6=Fu-Ji |last7=Ota |first7=Hidetoshi |title=Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the oriental pitvipers of the genus ''Trimeresurus'' (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae): a molecular perspective |journal=Zoological Science |date=2000 |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=1147–1157 |doi=10.2108/zsj.17.1147 |pmid=18522471}} | ||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3004466}} | {{Taxonbar|from=Q3004466}} | ||
[[Category:Trimeresurus|septentrionalis]] | [[Category:Trimeresurus|septentrionalis]] | ||
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]] | |||
[[Category:Reptiles of Bangladesh]] | |||
[[Category:Reptiles of Bhutan]] | |||
[[Category:Reptiles of India]] | |||
[[Category:Reptiles of Nepal]] | [[Category:Reptiles of Nepal]] | ||
[[Category:Reptiles | [[Category:Reptiles described in 1977]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:14, 28 November 2021
| Trimeresurus septentrionalis | |
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Scientific classification 
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| : | [[Template:Taxonomy/Trimeresurus]] |
| Species: | Template:Taxonomy/TrimeresurusT. septentrionalis
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| Binomial name | |
| Template:Taxonomy/TrimeresurusTrimeresurus septentrionalis Kramer, 1977
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| Synonyms | |
Trimeresurus septentrionalis, commonly known as the northern white-lipped pit viper,[3] is a venomous pit viper species found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and India.[2][4]
Description[edit | edit source]
Total length males 610 mm, females 730 mm.[2]
The head scalation consists of 10–11(12) upper labials, the first of which are fused to the nasal. The head scales are small, subequal and feebly imbricate, smooth or weakly keeled. The supraoculars are narrow and undivided with 9–11 interocular scales between them. The temporal scales are smooth.[2]
Midbody there are 21 longitudinal dorsal scale rows. There are 162–172 ventrals in males, 160–181 in females. The subcaudals are paired and number 68–83 in males, 55–71 in females. The hemipenes are without spines.[2]
The colour pattern is green above. The belly is green, yellowish or white below. A faint ventrolateral stripe present in all males, but absent in females. The end of tail not mottled brown.[2]
Holotype: MHNG 1404.31[2]
Geographic range[edit | edit source]
It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and northwestern India (Simla).[2][4] The type locality is given as "Nepal 83o 55' 28o 15' 1500 m (Nähe Pokhara)". Regenass & Kramer (1981) list the type locality as "Hyangcha (Nepal) 83o 55' E.L. 28o 15' N.B. 1500 m". Holotype: MHNG 1404.31.[1]
Taxonomy[edit | edit source]
Elevated to a species, T. septentrionalis, by Giannasi et al. (2001).[5] Returned to a subspecies, T. a. septentrionalis, by Leviton et al. (2003). Elevated to a species in another genus, Cryptelytrops septentrionalis, by Malhotra & Thorpe (2004). Returned to genus Trimeresurus and placed in subgenus Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) by David et al. (2011). (See synonyms.)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Template:NRDB species
- ↑ Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S. 2004. Asian Pitvipers. GeitjeBooks. Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Leviton, A.E.; Wogan, G.O.U.; Koo, M.S.; Zug, G.R.; Lucas, R.S. & Vindum, J.V. (2003). "The dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar. Illustrated checklist with keys" (PDF). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 54 (24): 407–462. Archived 2006-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Giannasi, Nicholas; Thorpe, Roger S.; Malhotra, Anita (2001). "The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a medically important snake, Trimeresurus albolabris". Molecular Ecology. 10 (2): 419–426. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01220.x. PMID 11298956.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Einfalt P. 2002. Haltung und Vermehrung von Trimeresurus albolabris (Gray 1842). Elaphe 10 (4): 31-36.
- Gumprecht A. 2001. Die Bambusottern der Gattung Trimeresurus Lacépède Teil IV: Checkliste der Trimeresurus-Arten Thailands. Sauria 23 (2): 25-32
- Kramer E. 1977. Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Rev. suisse Zool. 84 (3): 721-761.
- Parkinson CL. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586
- Tu, Ming-Chung; Wang, Hurng-Yi; Tsai, Mung-Pei; Toda, Mamoru; Lee, Wen-Jen; Zhang, Fu-Ji; Ota, Hidetoshi (2000). "Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the oriental pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae): a molecular perspective". Zoological Science. 17 (8): 1147–1157. doi:10.2108/zsj.17.1147. PMID 18522471.