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{{Short description|1817 treaty between Sikkim and the East India Company}} | |||
{{Use British English|date=December 2012}} | {{Use British English|date=December 2012}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox treaty | {{Infobox treaty | ||
| name = Treaty of Titalia | | name = Treaty of Titalia | ||
| Line 11: | Line 12: | ||
| date_sealed = | | date_sealed = | ||
| date_effective = | | date_effective = | ||
| condition_effective = | | condition_effective = Returned Sikkimese land annexed by the Nepal. | ||
| date_expiration = | | date_expiration = | ||
| signatories = Captain Barre Latter for EIC and Nazir Chaina Tenjin, Macha Teinbah and Lama Duchim Longadoo for Sikkim. | | signatories = Captain Barre Latter for EIC and Nazir Chaina Tenjin, Macha Teinbah and Lama Duchim Longadoo for Sikkim. | ||
| parties = [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|23px]] [[East India Company]]<hr>[[Image:Flag of Sikkim (1877-1914; 1962-1967).svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]] | | parties = | ||
* [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|23px]] [[East India Company]]<hr> | |||
* [[Image:Flag of Sikkim (1877-1914; 1962-1967).svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]] | |||
| ratifiers = | | ratifiers = | ||
| depositor = | | depositor = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Treaty of Titalia''' was signed between the [[Chogyal]] (monarch) of [[Kingdom of Sikkim]] and the British [[East India Company]] (EIC). The treaty, which was negotiated by Captain Barre Latter in February 1817, guaranteed security of Sikkim by the British and returned Sikkimese land annexed by the Nepalese over the centuries. It followed the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]], | The '''Treaty of Titalia''' was signed between the [[Chogyal]] (monarch) of [[Kingdom of Sikkim]] and the British [[East India Company]] (EIC). The treaty, which was negotiated by Captain Barre Latter in February 1817, guaranteed security of Sikkim by the British and returned Sikkimese land annexed by the Nepalese over the centuries. It followed the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]], 1814–1816. In return, the British were given trading rights and rights of passage up to the [[Tibet]] frontier. The treaty was signed at Titalia, now known as [[Tetulia Upazila]], in the [[Rangpur District]] of present-day [[Bangladesh]]. In the Gazette of Sikkim, 1894 by [[Herbert Hope Risley|H.H. Risley]], it was written that "by the Treaty of Titalia, British India has assumed the position of Lord's paramount of Sikkim and a title to exercise a predominant influence in that State has remained undisputed." | ||
==Provisions== | ==Provisions== | ||
Signed by Captain Barre Latter as agent for the EIC and three Sikkimese officials, Nazir Chaina Tenjin, Macha Teinbah and [[Lama]] Duchim Longadoo, the primary purpose of the treaty under Article 1 was to return land previously seized by the [[Gorkha Kingdom]] of Nepal to Sikkim. This land, lying to the east of the [[Mechi River]] and the west of the [[Teesta River]] had been ceded to the EIC by the Gorkhas under the 1816 [[Treaty of Sugauli]] following the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] of | Signed by Captain Barre Latter as agent for the EIC and three Sikkimese officials, Nazir Chaina Tenjin, Macha Teinbah and [[Lama]] Duchim Longadoo, the primary purpose of the treaty under Article 1 was to return land previously seized by the [[Gorkha Kingdom]] of Nepal to Sikkim. This land, lying to the east of the [[Mechi River]] and the west of the [[Teesta River]] had been ceded to the EIC by the Gorkhas under the 1816 [[Treaty of Sugauli]] following the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] of 1814–16. | ||
In exchange, the Sikkimese Chogyal agreed to abstain from aggression towards the Gorkhas and to allow the British to mediate any dispute with its neighbours. Further articles pledged military support to the British, that absconders from British justice, whether criminal or civil, would be arrested in Sikkim and finally that all EIC company goods shipped through Sikkim would thereafter be free from duty. | In exchange, the Sikkimese Chogyal agreed to abstain from aggression towards the Gorkhas and to allow the British to mediate any dispute with its neighbours. Further articles pledged military support to the British, that absconders from British justice, whether criminal or civil, would be arrested in Sikkim and finally that all EIC company goods shipped through Sikkim would thereafter be free from duty. | ||
==Impact== | ==Impact== | ||
The treaty | The treaty effectively transformed Sikkim into a channel for Anglo-Chinese diplomacy.<ref>{{cite book|title=Commodities of Empire: Working Paper No.9|first1=Vibha|last1=Arora|chapter=Routing the Commodities of Empire through Sikkim (1817-1906)|url=https://commoditiesofempire.blogs.sas.ac.uk/files/2016/03/WP09.pdf|publisher=[[Open University]]|ISSN=1756-0098|year=2008|page=6}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 21:24, 3 January 2022
| Signed | 10 February 1817 |
|---|---|
| Location | Tetulia Upazila, in the Rangpur District of present-day Bangladesh. |
| Condition | Returned Sikkimese land annexed by the Nepal. |
| Signatories | Captain Barre Latter for EIC and Nazir Chaina Tenjin, Macha Teinbah and Lama Duchim Longadoo for Sikkim. |
| Parties | |
| Language | English |
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The Treaty of Titalia was signed between the Chogyal (monarch) of Kingdom of Sikkim and the British East India Company (EIC). The treaty, which was negotiated by Captain Barre Latter in February 1817, guaranteed security of Sikkim by the British and returned Sikkimese land annexed by the Nepalese over the centuries. It followed the Anglo-Nepalese War, 1814–1816. In return, the British were given trading rights and rights of passage up to the Tibet frontier. The treaty was signed at Titalia, now known as Tetulia Upazila, in the Rangpur District of present-day Bangladesh. In the Gazette of Sikkim, 1894 by H.H. Risley, it was written that "by the Treaty of Titalia, British India has assumed the position of Lord's paramount of Sikkim and a title to exercise a predominant influence in that State has remained undisputed."
Provisions[edit | edit source]
Signed by Captain Barre Latter as agent for the EIC and three Sikkimese officials, Nazir Chaina Tenjin, Macha Teinbah and Lama Duchim Longadoo, the primary purpose of the treaty under Article 1 was to return land previously seized by the Gorkha Kingdom of Nepal to Sikkim. This land, lying to the east of the Mechi River and the west of the Teesta River had been ceded to the EIC by the Gorkhas under the 1816 Treaty of Sugauli following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16.
In exchange, the Sikkimese Chogyal agreed to abstain from aggression towards the Gorkhas and to allow the British to mediate any dispute with its neighbours. Further articles pledged military support to the British, that absconders from British justice, whether criminal or civil, would be arrested in Sikkim and finally that all EIC company goods shipped through Sikkim would thereafter be free from duty.
Impact[edit | edit source]
The treaty effectively transformed Sikkim into a channel for Anglo-Chinese diplomacy.[1]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Arora, Vibha (2008). "Routing the Commodities of Empire through Sikkim (1817-1906)". Commodities of Empire: Working Paper No.9 (PDF). Open University. p. 6. ISSN 1756-0098.
- A Lexicon of Vocabulary, Events and Treaties from India and Central Asia
- History of Sikkim – Government of Sikkim