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| {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Titus II Mar Thoma]] |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
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| {{Infobox Bishop
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| | honorific-prefix = His Grace The Most Rev. Aboon
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| | name = Titus II Marthoma
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| Metropolitan
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| | honorific-suffix =
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| | bishop_of = of the Apostolic Throne of St Thomas
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| | image = Titus the Second.jpg
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| | caption =
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| | diocese =
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| | ordination = 1889
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| | consecration = 9 December 1894
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| | enthroned = 5 November 1909
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| | ended = 6 July 1944
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| | predecessor = [[Titus I Mar Thoma]] Metropolitan
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| | successor = [[Abraham Mar Thoma]] Metropolitan
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| | birth_name = Joseph Titus Palakunnathu
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| | birth_date = 6 May 1866 | |
| | birth_place = [[Maramon]]
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| | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1944|7|6|1866|5|6}}
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| | death_place = [[Tiruvalla]]
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| | buried = [[Tiruvalla]]
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| | nationality =
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| | signature =
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| | honorific_suffix = Mar Thoma XVI, Mar Thoma Metropolitan
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Titus II Mar Thoma Metropolitan''' (Mar Thoma XVI) (6 May 1866 – 6 July 1944) was the head of the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] with its center in [[Kerala]] state in south-western [[India]]. He was known as Thithoos Dwitheeyan Mar Thoma Metropolitan among his people. (Thithoos is Aramaic and Malayalam)
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| It was in the Malabar Coast in the 1st century CE, [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived to preach the [[gospel]] to the Jews and non-Jews. Some of the Jews and locals were. They were known as Nasrani people and their church as Malankara Church. They followed a unique [[Hebrew]]-[[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Christian]] tradition which included several Jewish elements and Indian customs. Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church which is known as Mar Thoma Church is still a part of this Malankara Church.
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| == Early days ==
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| === Palakunnathu Family ===
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| In the 17th century, a member of the Panamkuzhy family (a branch of the [[Pakalomattam family]]), came and settled in [[Kozhencherry]] on the banks of river Pampa. Later they moved to [[Maramon]], and lived at Chackkalyil, on the other side of the river. The second son in that family, Mathen moved to a nearby house at Palakunnathu. He had six sons and a daughter. The daughter was married to Mallapally Pavoothikunnel family and the first four sons moved to Themoottil, Neduvelil ([[Kozhenchery]]), Periyilel and Punamadom (Othera). The fifth son was a hermit priest (sanyasi achen). As was the custom, the youngest son Mathew lived at Palakunnathu family house. (This house still exists). [[Abraham Malpan]], leader of reformation in Malankara church was the second son of Mathew. [[Thomas Mar Athanasius Metropolitan]] and Titus I Mar Thoma Metropolitan (Marthoma Metropolitan I) were the sons of [[Abraham Malpan]].
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| A number of other [[Marthoma Church]] leaders were also born in this family. [[Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan]] and [[Titus I Mar Thoma]] Metropolitan (Marthoma Metropolitan I) were from this family. The present head of the Marthoma Church, Dr. [[Joseph Mar Thoma]] Metropolitan (Marthoma Metropolitan VII), is also from this family.<ref>Cherian Cherian. [[Maramon]] Pakalomattom Chackalyil Kudumba Charitram. (Family History of [[Maramon]] Pakalomattom Chackalyil).</ref><ref>N. M. Mathew, History of Palakunnathu Family.</ref>
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| === Early age ===
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| P.J. Dethos (Aramaic. Titus – English) was born on 6 May 1866 as the youngest son of [[Maramon]] Palakunnathu Joseph (brother of [[Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan]]) and [[Mavelikara]] Vadakkethalackal Mariamma.
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| After primary education at [[Maramon]] he joined [[Kottayam]] seminary. He was at C.M.S. High school, [[Kottayam]] and at St. Joseph's school, [[Trivandrum]], before returning home to study [[Syriac language|Syriac]].
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| ===Ordination===
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| He was ordained by [[Thomas Mar Athanasius Metropolitan]] in 1889 and was appointed as assistant vicar in his home parish at [[Maramon]] church.
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| He was elected as a member of the Managing Committee (now known as Sabha Council) and a Representative Assembly (now known as Prathinidhi Mandalam) of the church. During this period he took active participation in the consecration of [[Titus I Mar Thoma]].
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| ==Consecration==
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| ===Malankara throne===
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| [[Image:malankarathrone.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Malankara Throne]]
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| After the great swearing – Coonen Cross Oath in 1653, it became necessary to appoint a bishop. For this purpose, a special chair was made and [[Mar Thoma I]] the first bishop of Malankara church was enthroned. This throne, used for the consecration of [[Mar Thoma I]], is in the possession of the [[Mar Thoma Church]] and is kept at [[Tiruvalla]], It has been used in the installation of every Mar Thoma Metropolitan, to this day, so that the continuity of the throne of Mar Thoma is ensured. This was the throne used for the consecration of Mar Thoma XVI, Titus II Mar Thoma Metropolitan.
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| In 1896, the Representative Assembly of the church decided to consecrate Rev. P.J. Dethos as the successor of [[Titus I Mar Thoma]]. On 9 December 1896, Rev. P.J. Dethos was consecrated by [[Titus I Mar Thoma]] with the assistance of Geevarghese Mar Koorilose (Karumamkuzhi Pulikkottil) Metropolitan of the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]] with the Episcopal title Thithoos Dwitheeyan Mar Thoma Metropolitan (Titus II Mar Thoma). It was held in Puthencavu palli, one of the biggest churches in [[Kerala]] at that time.<ref>Malankara Sabha Tharaka, 1899, p. 67.</ref>
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| ===As suffragan Metropolitan===
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| He was given proper training and guidance by [[Titus I Mar Thoma]]. It was a period when the church was growing. This continued until the end of his life in 1944. For eleven years he was suffragan Metropolitan and was able to consecrate 33 new parishes.
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| ===Enthronement===
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| [[Titus I Mar Thoma]], died on 20 October 1909. The enthronement of Titus II Mar Thoma took place on 20 October 1909 at [[Kozhencherry]] Mar Thoma church.
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| ==Administration==
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| ===Church===
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| A number of important decisions were taken during this time.
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| :The faction of the Malankara church that was known as Bava Kakshi decided to have the name Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church.(''Synonym'': [[Mar Thoma Church]].''Eponym'' of St. Thomas disciple of Jesus Christ)<ref>George, Rev. Dr. K. K. Naveekaranathinte Thritheya jubilee, (Third Jubilee of reformation), p. 63.</ref>
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| :Poolatheen, residence of the Metropolitan was built at [[Tiruvalla]] on 1919.
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| :After losing the Seminary case in 1889, the church lost possession of most of the churches. So most of the parishioners had their worship services in temporary sheds. During the time of Titus II permanent buildings were constructed for the parishes.
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| ===Parishes===
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| :Many of the parishes of the Mar Thoma Church were established by the laity. After forming a congregation, they inform the Metropolitan for approval as a parish and to send a priest. The first such parish formed outside India was the Klang parish in Malaysia in 1936.
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| ==Finance==
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| In 1937, Mar Thoma Church made an unusual decision, that all activities of the Church should be carried out by voluntary contributions from its members. Though there was some skepticism in the beginning, it was a great leap forward for the church.
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| ===Organizations===
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| A number of organizations were started during his tenure. Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association (1888), [[Maramon Convention]] (1895), Mar Thoma Sunday School Samjam (1905), Mar Thoma Suvisesha Sevika Sanghom (1919), Mar Thoma Voluntary Evangelists' Association (1924), Mar Thoma Yuvajana Sakhyam (1933).<ref>Mathew, N. M., ''Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram'', (History of the Marthoma Church), Volume 3, pp. 85–129</ref>
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| ===Schools & colleges===
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| Some of the schools that were opened during his time:
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| S.C. Seminary School, [[Tiruvalla]] (1902), [[Kozhencherry]] School (1904), [[Maramon]] School (1918, [[Kottayam]] Theological College (1923) [[Tiruvalla]] S.C. Training School (1925).<ref>Mathew, N. M., ''Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram'' (History of the Marthoma Church), Volume 2, pp. 185–190.</ref>
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| [[Union Christian College Aluva]], one of the prominent educational institutions in [[Kerala]] state in [[South India]] was founded in 1921 as a joint effort of four churches in Kerala: [[Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church]], [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], [[Church of South India]] and [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]].
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| ==Successors==
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| Even before Marett Rev. M. N. Abraham was ordained as a deacon in 1911, the church leaders unanimously decided to select him as a bishop of the [[Mar Thoma Church]]. He was consecrated as an episcopa on 27 December 1917 at [[Tiruvalla]] and was given the episcopal title, [[Abraham Mar Thoma]] Suffragan Metropolitan.
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| Because the number of parishes increased, the Representative Assembly (Mandalam) decided to have two more bishops. They selected Ayroor Cherukara Rev. C. M. John and Ayroor Kurudamannil Rev. C. T. Mathew. They were consecrated as episcopal on 30 December 1937 at Tiruvalla. Rev. C. M. John was given the title Juhanon Mar Timotheos and Rev. C. T. Mathew was given the title Mathews Mar Athanasius.
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| ==Last days==
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| Titus II Metropolitan was a diabetic for a long time. By 1941 he lost his eyesight also. At this time, he was helped by the other Metropolitans. On Thursday 6 July 1944, Titus II Metropolitan died. He was interred in the Bishops' cemetery in the SCS Compound, [[Tiruvalla]].
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| {{s-start}}
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| {{s-bef|before=[[Titus I Mar Thoma]] (Mar Thoma XV)}}
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| {{s-ttl|title=Metropolitan of the [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]]|years=1909–1944}}
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| {{s-aft|after=[[Abraham Mar Thoma]] (Mar Thoma XVII)}}
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| {{s-end}}
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Mar Thoma Church]]
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| * [[Throne of St. Thomas]]
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| * [[Marthoma Metrans]]
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| * [[List of Malankara Metropolitans]]
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| * [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani]]
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| * [[Saint Thomas Christians]]
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| * [[Christianity in India]]
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| * [[List of Catholicoi of the East and Malankara Metropolitans]]
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| * [[List of Syrian Malabar Nasranis]]
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| * [[Titus I Mar Thoma]]
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| * [[Abraham Mar Thoma]]
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==Further reading==
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| *Juhanon Marthoma Metropolitan, The Most Rev. Dr. (1952). ''Christianity in [[India]] and a Brief History of the Marthoma Syrian Church''. Pub: K.M. Cherian.
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| *Zac Varghese Dr. & Mathew A. Kallumpram. (2003). ''Glimpses of Mar Thoma Church History''. London, England. {{ISBN|8190085441}}.
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| *Chacko, T. C. (1936) ''Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charithra Samgraham'' (Concise History of Marthoma Church), Pub: E.J. Institute, Kompady, Tiruvalla.
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| *Eapen, Prof. Dr. K. V. (2001). ''Malankara Marthoma Suryani Sabha Charitram'' (History of Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church). Pub: Kallettu, Muttambalam, [[Kottayam]].
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| *Mathew, N. M. ''Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram'' (History of the Marthoma Church), Volume 1 (2006), Volume II (2007), Volume III (2008). Pub. E.J.Institute, Thiruvalla.
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| == External links ==
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| * [http://marthomasyrianchurch.org http://marthomasyrianchurch.org]
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| {{Christianity in Kerala}}
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| {{authority control}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Titus 02 Mar Thoma}}
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| [[Category:1866 births]]
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| [[Category:1944 deaths]]
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| [[Category:People from Pathanamthitta district]]
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| [[Category:Saint Thomas Christians]]
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| [[Category:Metropolitans of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church|Titus II]]
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| [[Category:Pakalomattam family]]
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