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| {{short description|Main festive day during Diwali, dedicated to the Hindu Goddess Lakshmi}}
| | [[File:Kojagari Laxmi Puja - Bengali Hindu Family - Howrah 2015-10-26 6730-6733.tif|thumb|Bengali Hindu Family doing Lakshmi Puja]] |
| | '''Lakshmi Puja''' ([[Sanskrit]]: लक्ष्मी पूजा, [[IAST]]: Lakṣmī Pūjā), is a [[Hindu]] religious festival celebrated once in a year. It is [[wikt:celebrate|celebrated]] on the [[Amavasya]] (new moon day) of Krishna Paksha (Dark [[wikt:fortnight|fortnight]]). In the [[Vikram Samvat|Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar]] it is celebrated in the month of [[Ashwin]] or [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]]. The [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] is done on the third day of [[Tihar (festival)|Tihar]] and is considered as the main event of [[Diwali|Deepawali]]. |
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| {{Infobox holiday
| | In [[Hinduism]], [[Lakshmi]] is goddess of wealth and lord [[Vishnu]]'s wife. It is believed that in this day she visits her followers and give them gifts and [[wikt:blessing|blessings]]. To welcome the Goddess, people clean their houses and make it bright with lights. They also prepare good food and sweets for [[offering]]s. |
| |holiday_name = Lakshmi Pooja
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| |type = Hindu
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| |longtype = [[Hindu]], Indian
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| |image = Goddess Lakshmi inside a home for Diwali Puja.jpg
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| |caption =
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| |official_name =
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| |nickname =
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| |observedby = [[Hindu]]s
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| |date = [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]] [[Amavasya]]
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| |ends =
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| |date2017 = 19 October (Thursday) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://calendar-panchang.com/2017-marathi-calendar-panchang/1/ |title=2017 Marathi Panchang Calendar|access-date=2016-10-22}}</ref>
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| |date2020=Saturday, November 14
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| |date2021=Thursday, November 4
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| |celebrations =
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| |observances =
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| |relatedto = [[Diwali]] and [[Tihar (festival)|Tihar]]
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| |frequency= annual
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| }}
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| '''Lakshmi Puja''' or '''Lakshmi Pooja''' ([[Sanskrit]]: लक्ष्मी पूजा, [[IAST]]: Lakṣmī Pūjā), is a [[Hindu]] religious festival that falls on [[Amavasya]] (new moon day) of Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) in the [[Bikram Sambat|Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar]] month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]], on the third day of [[Diwali|Deepawali]] and is considered as the main festive day of Deepawali.
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| According to legend, [[Lakshmi]], the goddess of wealth, prosperity, auspiciousness, and good fortune, and Lord [[Vishnu]]'s wife, visits her devotees and bestows gifts and blessings upon each of them. To welcome the Goddess, devotees clean their houses, decorate them with finery and lights, and prepare sweet treats and delicacies as offerings. Devotees believe the happier Lakshmi is with the visit, the more she blesses the family with health and wealth.
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| In Bengal Lokkhi Pujo or Laxmi puja is performed on [[Sharad Purnima|Sarada Purnima]] day, the full moon day following Vijaya Dashami. This puja is also known as Kojagori Lokkhi pujo. Women worship Maa Laxmi in the evening after cleaning their house and decorating the floor of their houses with alpona or rangoli.
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| ==Celebrations==
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| [[File:The Rangoli of Lights.jpg|thumb|250px]]
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| ===In India===
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| Lakshmi is believed to roam the earth on the night of Lakshmi<ref>https://www.bspirituality.com/2019/10/lakshmi-puja-2020-2020.html</ref> Pooja. On the evening of Lakshmi Pooja, people open their doors and windows to welcome Lakshmi, and place ''diya'' lights on their windowsills and balcony ledges to invite her in.
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| People wear new clothes or their best outfits as the evening approaches. Then ''diyas'' are lit, pujas are offered to [[Lakshmi]], and to one or more additional deities depending on the region of India; typically [[Ganesha]], [[Saraswati]], and [[Kubera]].<ref name=tp>Pintchman, Tracy. ''Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares'', pp. 59–65. State University of New York Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-7914-6596-9}}.</ref> Lakshmi symbolises wealth and prosperity, and her blessings are invoked for a good year ahead.
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| On this day, the mothers, who work hard all year, are recognized by the family. Mothers are seen to embody a part of Lakshmi, the good fortune and prosperity of the household.<ref name=jgl>Lochtefeld, James G. "Diwali" in ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism'', Vol. 1: A–M, pp. 200–201. Rosen Publishing. {{ISBN|9780823931798}}.</ref> Small earthenware lamps filled with oil are lighted and placed in rows by some Hindus along the parapets of temples and houses. Some set ''diyas'' adrift on rivers and streams. Important relationships and friendships are also recognized during the day, by visiting relatives and friends, exchanging gifts and [[South Asian sweets|sweets]].<ref name="ReferenceA">Jean Mead, How and Why Do Hindus Celebrate Divali?, {{ISBN|978-0-237-534-127}}</ref><ref>John Bowker, ed., Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Religions (Oxford UP, 2000), See Festivals</ref>
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| It is popularly believed that Lakshmi likes cleanliness and will visit the cleanest house first. Hence, the broom is worshipped with offerings of ''haldi'' (turmeric) and ''sindoor'' (vermilion) on this day. Lakshmi Puja consists of a combined puja of five deities: [[Ganesha]] is worshipped at the beginning of every auspicious act as [[Vighneshvara]]; goddess Lakshmi is worshipped in her three forms; [[Mahalakshmi]] the goddess of wealth and money, [[Mahasaraswati]] the goddess of books and learning, and [[Mahakali]]. [[Kubera]] the treasurer of the gods is also worshipped.
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| The most auspicious time for the puja is decided when “amavasya tithi” prevails during “pradosh kaal” or the evening time. On this day, the sun enters its second course and passes the constellation [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]], which is represented by the balance or scale. Hence, the sign of Libra is believed to suggest the balancing and closing of account books.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
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| After the ''puja'', people go outside and celebrate by lighting up fireworks. The children enjoy [[sparklers]] and variety of small fireworks, while adults enjoy playing with ground chakra, Vishnu chakra, flowerpots (anaar), [[sutli bomb]], [[chocolate bomb]], rockets and bigger fireworks.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/light-up-your-day/article5281060.ece Light up your day] The Hindu (28 October 2013)</ref> The fireworks signify celebration of Diwalias well a way to chase away evil spirits.<ref name="Firecracker2">{{cite book|url = https://archive.org/details/kidsguidetoasian0000petr|url-access = registration|page = [https://archive.org/details/kidsguidetoasian0000petr/page/175 175]|title = Asian American History|first=Valerie|last=Petrillo|publisher=Chicago Review Press|quote=There are firecrackers everywhere to scare off evil spirits and contribute to the festive atmosphere.|access-date = 26 October 2011|isbn = 978-1-55652-634-3|date = 28 May 2007}}</ref><ref name="Firecracker3">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TRyb8XqB7dEC&q=lamps+diwali+evil+spirits&pg=SA9-PA1|title = The International Holiday & Festival Primer|first1=David|last1=DeRocco|first2=Joan|last2=Dundas|author3=Ian Zimmerman|publisher=Full Blast Productions|quote=But as well as delighting the spectators, the fireworks are believed to chase away evil spirits.|access-date = 26 October 2011|isbn = 978-1-895451-24-5|year = 1996}}</ref> After fireworks, people head back to a family feast, conversations and ''[[South Asian sweets|mithai]]'' (sweets, desserts).<ref name=tp/>
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| People also perform vaibhava Lakshmi vrat for only one day it is believed that doing vrat on Diwali gives the blessings of vrat doing it for 21 times.
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| Vaibhavalakshmi Vrat (Pious Observance & Worship of Laxmi) is also celebrated in many parts of India in the month of Margashirsha (the ninth month of Hindu Calendar) every Friday. Vaibhav means “Prosperity and Wealth” and hence Goddess Vaibhavalakshmi is believed to protect the devotees from misfortunes and grant them grace, happiness, wealth and prosperity.
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| [[File:Laxmi puja.jpg|thumb|Laxmi puja in home]]
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| Vaibhavalakshmi Poojan (Worship) is held at Juinagar, Maharashtra, India by Sadguru Shree Aniruddha Upasana Trust (Mumbai, India) every year with great enthusiasm. Thousands of devotees participate in this poojan and carry out the rituals with discipline and in harmony.<ref>https://aniruddhafoundation.com/vaibhavalakshmi-pooja-festival/</ref><ref>https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/vaibhav-laxmi-vrat-katha-1-796454.html</ref><ref>http://www.vaibhavlakshmi.org/about-vaibhav-lakshmi-puja.html</ref>
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| [[File:Kojagori Lokkhi Pujo.jpg|thumb|The clay model of goddess Lakhsmi accompanied by her consort Vishnu and a boat (on the left side of the image) consisting five drums having - grains, gold, silver, cotton and cowrie shells in Bengal.]]
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| In Bengal, the goddess Lakshmi is worshipped five days after Vijaya Dashami on the full moon day of Sharada. This is known as Kojagori Lokkhi Pujo (কোজাগরী লক্ষ্মী পুজা). On this day generally, the goddess is worshipped at night. She is also worshipped in the form of banana trees (কলা বউ), designed clay cover of utensils (শরা), accompanied by a small boat containing five drums. She is also worshipped on the eve of [[Diwali]] which is commonly known as Dipanwita Lokkhi Puja (দীপান্বিতা লক্ষ্মী পুজো) or Alakshmi Viday (Leaving of Alakshmi). The goddess is also worshipped in the month of Bhadra (August-September) on Thursdays. She is worshipped as rice put into a utensil (হাঁড়ি) which is changed annually. This worship is also practiced in the month of Poush (December-January).
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| ===In Nepal===
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| Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of [[Tihar (festival)|Tihar]], a second national festival of Nepal after [[Dashain]]. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Laxmi pooja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan Puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days.
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| On Lakshmi Puja in Nepal, people buy gold and silver, precious gemstones, new utensils of copper, brass and bronze as a sign of good luck, prosperity, money and wealth. These are then used to worship Lakshmi at night. Nepalese people perform this worship at a place cleansed with holy water, cow dung and red mud; they light the whole house with candles and lamps. From Lakshmi Puja, [[Deusi]] and [[Bhailo]] is played by gathering with friends.
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| ==The Puja==
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| In the beginning of the puja, the houses are cleaned and a [[rangoli]] is drawn at the doorstep to welcome Goddess Lakshmi.
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| ===Procedure===
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| Before beginning the puja, Hindus consider it important to cleanse and purify the space where the Puja is being carried out. For this, “Guggal” or Loban ([[Benzoin (resin)|Benzoin]]) is lighted using either coal or dried pancakes made of cow-dung. Its incense armotic fumes are considered to purify the atmosphere. However instead, Readmade Dhoop Cones brought from the market are also used.
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| Once the place is smoked and cleansed, the puja begins by laying down a piece of new cloth on a raised platform. Handfuls of grains are sprayed in the centre of the cloth and a [[kalasha]] made of gold, silver, or copper is placed on top. Three-quarters of the kalasha is filled with water and betel nut, a flower, a coin, and a few rice grains are added to it. Five kinds of leaves are arranged (if a specified species is not available, leaves from a mango tree are used) and a small dish filled with rice grains is placed on the kalasha. A [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]] is drawn over the rice grains with turmeric powder and the idol of Goddess Lakshmi is placed over the top of the kalasha, and coins are placed around it.
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| The idol of Lord [[Ganesha]] is placed in front of the kalasha, on the right-hand side pointing towards the south-west. Ink and business account books of the worshippers are kept on the platform. Specially blended oils made for puja are used with its ingredients varying, depending on the deity it's being offered to. A “Panchmukhi Diya” (Five faced lamp) accommodating 5 wicks are lit for this purpose. A special lamp is then lit in front of Lord Ganesha.
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| The puja begins by offering turmeric, [[kumkuma]] and flowers to the Goddess Lakshmi. Then haldi, kumkum, and flowers are offered to the water, later used for the puja. The river goddess [[Saraswati]] is invoked to become part of that water. Goddess Lakshmi is worshipped and invoked by reciting Vedic mantras, hymns and prayers addressed to her. Her idol is placed in a plate and is bathed with [[panchamrita]] (a mixture of milk, curd, [[ghee]] or clarified butter, honey, and sugar) and then with water containing a gold ornament or a pearl. Her idol is cleaned and placed back on the kalasha. A special lamp is then lit in front of Goddess Lakshmi.
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| Offerings of sandal paste, saffron paste, garland of cotton beads or flowers, [[ittar]] (perfume), turmeric, kumkum, [[abir]], and gulal are then made to the Goddess Lakshmi. Flowers and garlands, such as Lotus, Marigold, Rose, Chrysanthemum and leaves of [[Aegle marmelos|Bael]] (wood apple tree) are also offered. An incense stick is lit and [[Incense of India#Dhupa|dhoop]] is given to her. An offering of sweets, coconut, fruits, and tambul is made later. Puffed rice and batasha (varieties of Indian sweets) are placed near the idol. Puffed rice, batasha, coriander seeds, and cumin seeds are poured or offered to her idol.
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| In villages, a pot made of bamboo-canes measuring the paddy known as Nana' is filled up to the brink with freshly harvest paddy. Rice and lentils are also kept with the paddy. The `Mana' is the symbol of Mahalakshmi. Adoration of the Goddess is done by offering fruits, coconut, banana, doob-grass, amla, curd, turmeric, flowers, incense etc. It is customary to read out the holy book, the Eulogy, “Lakshmi Puran” while performing the pooja.<ref name= JM>{{cite book |last= Mohapatra |first= J |date= 2013 |title= Wellness In Indian Festivals & Rituals |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UdpzAgAAQBAJ&q=lakshmi+pooja&pg=PA173 |publisher= Partridge Publishing |page= 173 |isbn= 9781482816907 }}</ref>
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| A [[Swastika]] symbol is also then drawn on the safe or vault in which the devotee keeps their valuables and it is worshipped as a symbol of Lord [[Kubera]].
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| Towards the end of the ritual, [[Aarti]] is performed which is dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi. The Aarti is accompanied by a small bell and is performed in a silent and sublime atmosphere. Lakshmi Pooja is also celebrated in [[Indo-China]].<ref name=JM/>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{Commons category|Lakshmi Puja}}
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| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131013213551/http://www.lokakshemayagna.org/activitiestrust/157-raja-mathangi-sahita-ashta-lakshmi-deepa-puja Ashta Lakshmi Deepa Puja]
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| {{Culture of West Bengal}}
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| {{Hindu festivals}}
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| [[Category:Diwali]]
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| [[Category:Hindu holy days]]
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| [[Category:Hindu festivals]] | | [[Category:Hindu festivals]] |
| [[Category:Religious festivals in India]] | | [[Category:India]] |
| [[Category:Religious festivals in Nepal]] | | [[Category:Festivals in Asia]] |
| [[Category:October observances]]
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| [[Category: November observances]]
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