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|religions= [[Hinduism]] ā¢ [[Sikhism]] | |religions= [[Hinduism]] ā¢ [[Sikhism]] | ||
|region = Primarily the Punjab region of India and Pakistan | |region = Primarily the Punjab region of India and Pakistan | ||
| related= [[Khatri]] ā¢ [[ | | related= [[Khatri]] ā¢ [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]] ā¢ [[Sood]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==Occupation and demographics== | ==Occupation and demographics== | ||
According to the Commission Reports by [[Magistrate|Justice]] Gurnam Singh (1990) and [[Magistrate|Justice]] K.C. Gupta (2012), Arora is a [[forward caste]] socially, educationally and economically. It was reported that "despite of being uprooted from their homeland",Ā Arora community has high [[Literacy|literacy rate]]. An economic survey conducted by [[Maharshi Dayanand University|Maharishi Dayanand University]] states that Arora/Khatri people have good representation both in government as well as private sector. They are both in business, services and other fields. They are "economically well-off and not dependent on money-lending or shopkeeping". They are engaged as "[[Physician|doctors]], [[ | According to the Commission Reports by [[Magistrate|Justice]] Gurnam Singh (1990) and [[Magistrate|Justice]] K.C. Gupta (2012), Arora is a [[forward caste]] socially, educationally and economically. It was reported that "despite of being uprooted from their homeland",Ā Arora community has high [[Literacy|literacy rate]]. An economic survey conducted by [[Maharshi Dayanand University|Maharishi Dayanand University]] states that Arora/Khatri people have good representation both in government as well as private sector. They are both in business, services and other fields. They are "economically well-off and not dependent on money-lending or shopkeeping". They are engaged as "[[Physician|doctors]], [[engineer]]s, [[Public administration|administrators]] and are represented in [[White-collar worker|white-collar jobs]]". TheĀ Arora were divided in two main sub groups, namely [[Hindus|Hindu]] Arora and [[Sikhs|Sikh]] Arora depending upon the religion pursued.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Government of Haryana|first=Department of Welfare|title=Report of Backward Classes Commission|url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012|url-status=live|archive-url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/|archive-date=15 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|website=Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department|pages=135ā136}}</ref> | ||
The ''Hoshiarpur Gazetteer'' says: {{quote|Before independence, the Aroras did not constitute a sizeable population in the district.Ā With the migration of the non-Muslim population from Pakistan to India in 1947, they settled here, though in small numbers.Ā The Aroras were generally settled in West Punjab (Pakistan) and in the Firozepur District.Ā Their representation in the eastern districts of the Punjab was not notable. Whatever be their origin, the fact is that they resemble Khatris in certain traits. They are also divided into many groups and castes, Uchanda, Nichanda, etc., but in social life, these groups are of no importance.Ā They intermarry in their groups like others. They also intermarry among Khatris.Ā In the All-India meeting in 1936, held by the Khatris at Lahore (Pakistan), it was decided that the Aroras, Soods and Bhatias were Khatri for all intents and purposes.Ā And, as such, they should be admitted to the Khatri stock.Ā This interpretation did not find much favour then, but with the lapse of time, it has almost been accepted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |title=Chapter Iii<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205011/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |archive-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | The ''Hoshiarpur Gazetteer'' says: {{quote|Before independence, the Aroras did not constitute a sizeable population in the district.Ā With the migration of the non-Muslim population from Pakistan to India in 1947, they settled here, though in small numbers.Ā The Aroras were generally settled in West Punjab (Pakistan) and in the Firozepur District.Ā Their representation in the eastern districts of the Punjab was not notable. Whatever be their origin, the fact is that they resemble Khatris in certain traits. They are also divided into many groups and castes, Uchanda, Nichanda, etc., but in social life, these groups are of no importance.Ā They intermarry in their groups like others. They also intermarry among Khatris.Ā In the All-India meeting in 1936, held by the Khatris at Lahore (Pakistan), it was decided that the Aroras, Soods and Bhatias were Khatri for all intents and purposes.Ā And, as such, they should be admitted to the Khatri stock.Ā This interpretation did not find much favour then, but with the lapse of time, it has almost been accepted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |title=Chapter Iii<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205011/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |archive-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | ||
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[[Uttaradhi Arora|Uttaradhi]] (north), Dakhanadhi (south) and Dahre (west) are three major sub-groups of the Arora people based on territorial differentiations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Surely Kumar|title=People of India: India's communities|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1997|location=Kolkata|pages=126}}</ref> Before the independence of India, Arora used to marry in their own sub-group i.e. Uttradhi, Dakkhna or Dahra but after the independence, spheres of permissible arranged matrimonial alliances were widened to include other sub-groups of Arora.<ref name=DistGazAmritsar>{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |title=Religions And Castes |work=District Gazetteer - Amritsar |year=1976 |publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab |access-date=23 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235916/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |archive-date=26 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[Uttaradhi Arora|Uttaradhi]] (north), Dakhanadhi (south) and Dahre (west) are three major sub-groups of the Arora people based on territorial differentiations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Surely Kumar|title=People of India: India's communities|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1997|location=Kolkata|pages=126}}</ref> Before the independence of India, Arora used to marry in their own sub-group i.e. Uttradhi, Dakkhna or Dahra but after the independence, spheres of permissible arranged matrimonial alliances were widened to include other sub-groups of Arora.<ref name=DistGazAmritsar>{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |title=Religions And Castes |work=District Gazetteer - Amritsar |year=1976 |publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab |access-date=23 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235916/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |archive-date=26 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
In the census of 1951, Aroras that were settled in Punjab returned their caste names as Khatris, Arora Khatris, Arore, Rore, Aror, Rora Khatris, Aror Khatris etc. Some of the Aroras simply returned their caste names with Arora sub-caste names such as Arya, Ahuja, Batheja, Bathla, Chawla, Chabbra, Juneja, Jadeja, Taneja, Upneja, Wadhwa etc. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Government of India|first=Deputy Registrar General|date=23 August 1956|title=GLOSSARY OR CASTE NAMES RETURNED AT THE CENSUS OF 1951 IN THE DISTRICTS OF PEPSU|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7127/1/47712%20_1951_GLO.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=http://lsi.gov.in|archive-date=23 August 1956|access-date=4 May 2021|website=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref> | In the census of 1951, Aroras that were settled in Punjab returned their caste names as Khatris, Arora Khatris, Arore, Rore, Aror, Rora Khatris, Aror Khatris etc. Some of the Aroras simply returned their caste names with Arora sub-caste names such as Arya, Ahuja, Batheja, Bathla, Chawla, Chabbra, Juneja, Jadeja, Taneja, Upneja, Wadhwa etc.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Government of India|first=Deputy Registrar General|date=23 August 1956|title=GLOSSARY OR CASTE NAMES RETURNED AT THE CENSUS OF 1951 IN THE DISTRICTS OF PEPSU|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7127/1/47712%20_1951_GLO.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=http://lsi.gov.in|archive-date=23 August 1956|access-date=4 May 2021|website=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref> | ||
# | # | ||
Revision as of 22:23, 1 January 2022
| Arora | |
|---|---|
| Religions | Hinduism ā¢ Sikhism |
| Languages | Punjabi, Sindhi |
| Region | Primarily the Punjab region of India and Pakistan |
| Related groups | Khatri ā¢ Bhatia ā¢ Sood |
The Arora is a community originating from the Punjab and Sindh region of India and Pakistan. The name is derived from their native place Aror (capital of Sauvira Kingdom) and the community comprises both Hindus and Sikhs.[1] Scott Cameron Levi, believes that they are a "sub-caste of the Khatris".[2] After Partition of India, Punjabis who migrated from erstwhile Punjab were mostly Khatris and Aroras. Studies reveal that "Arora Khatri, Bedi, Ahluwalia etc. are some of the important castes among the Punjabis".[3]
Occupation and demographics
According to the Commission Reports by Justice Gurnam Singh (1990) and Justice K.C. Gupta (2012), Arora is a forward caste socially, educationally and economically. It was reported that "despite of being uprooted from their homeland", Arora community has high literacy rate. An economic survey conducted by Maharishi Dayanand University states that Arora/Khatri people have good representation both in government as well as private sector. They are both in business, services and other fields. They are "economically well-off and not dependent on money-lending or shopkeeping". They are engaged as "doctors, engineers, administrators and are represented in white-collar jobs". The Arora were divided in two main sub groups, namely Hindu Arora and Sikh Arora depending upon the religion pursued.[4]
The Hoshiarpur Gazetteer says:
Before independence, the Aroras did not constitute a sizeable population in the district. With the migration of the non-Muslim population from Pakistan to India in 1947, they settled here, though in small numbers. The Aroras were generally settled in West Punjab (Pakistan) and in the Firozepur District. Their representation in the eastern districts of the Punjab was not notable. Whatever be their origin, the fact is that they resemble Khatris in certain traits. They are also divided into many groups and castes, Uchanda, Nichanda, etc., but in social life, these groups are of no importance. They intermarry in their groups like others. They also intermarry among Khatris. In the All-India meeting in 1936, held by the Khatris at Lahore (Pakistan), it was decided that the Aroras, Soods and Bhatias were Khatri for all intents and purposes. And, as such, they should be admitted to the Khatri stock. This interpretation did not find much favour then, but with the lapse of time, it has almost been accepted.[5]
Uttaradhi (north), Dakhanadhi (south) and Dahre (west) are three major sub-groups of the Arora people based on territorial differentiations.[6] Before the independence of India, Arora used to marry in their own sub-group i.e. Uttradhi, Dakkhna or Dahra but after the independence, spheres of permissible arranged matrimonial alliances were widened to include other sub-groups of Arora.[7]
In the census of 1951, Aroras that were settled in Punjab returned their caste names as Khatris, Arora Khatris, Arore, Rore, Aror, Rora Khatris, Aror Khatris etc. Some of the Aroras simply returned their caste names with Arora sub-caste names such as Arya, Ahuja, Batheja, Bathla, Chawla, Chabbra, Juneja, Jadeja, Taneja, Upneja, Wadhwa etc.[8]
See also
References
Citations
- ā Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. ISBN 9780192527479 ā via books.google.com.
- ā Levi (2002), p. 107
- ā Government of Haryana, Department of Welfare. "Report of Backward Classes Commission". Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department. pp. 05, 135. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ā Government of Haryana, Department of Welfare. "Report of Backward Classes Commission". Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department. pp. 135ā136. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ā "Chapter Iii". Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ā Singh, Surely Kumar (1997). People of India: India's communities. Kolkata: Anthropological Survey of India. p. 126.
- ā "Religions And Castes". District Gazetteer - Amritsar. Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab. 1976. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
- ā Government of India, Deputy Registrar General (23 August 1956). "GLOSSARY OR CASTE NAMES RETURNED AT THE CENSUS OF 1951 IN THE DISTRICTS OF PEPSU" (PDF). Linguistic Survey of India. Archived from the original on 23 August 1956. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
Bibliography
- Levi, Scott Cameron (2002), The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550ā1900, Leiden: BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-12320-5, retrieved 23 October 2011