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|data19=[http://www.ghmc.gov.in/ www.ghmc.gov.in]
|data19=[http://www.ghmc.gov.in/ www.ghmc.gov.in]
}}'''Hyderabad''' (pronounced ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|ər|ə|b|a:|d|audio=Hyderabad.ogg}} {{respell|HY|dər|ə|baad}})) is the largest [[capital (city)|capital]] of the state of [[Telangana]]. At over 12.2<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyderabad-population.html|title=Hyderabad Population 2019- Current Population of Hyderabad City|website=www.indiaonlinepages.com|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> [[million]], it has the largest [[population]] of any [[city]] in the [[Andhra Pradesh|state]]<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf</ref> Hyderabad is an [[Classification of Indian cities|A-1 city]] under the [[wikt:term|term]]s of [[wikt:development|development]] [[wikt:priority|priorities]].<ref name="A1">{{Citation|last=Anand|first=Sarthak|date=11 September 2009|title=Fit to be a capital|periodical=The Times of India:Student Edition|page=2}}</ref> It is also known as ''city of [[Pearl|pearls]]''<ref name="ref2">{{Citation|url=http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21598,21831036-5005040,00.html|title=High times in Hyderabad|publisher=PerthNow|last=Watson|first=Patrick|date=1 June 2007|accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> or ''city of [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams]]''.<ref name="ref3{Ĺ">{{Citation|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/satyam-true-lies/408105/0|title=Satyam: true lies|date=8 January 2009|last=Sarathy|first=Partha|work=Indian Express|accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> The [[people]] of Hyderabad are called ''Hyderabadis.''
}}'''Hyderabad''' (pronounced ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|ər|ə|b|a:|d|audio=Hyderabad.ogg}} {{respell|HY|dər|ə|baad}})) is the largest [[capital (city)|capital]] of the state of [[Telangana]]. At over 12.2<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyderabad-population.html|title=Hyderabad Population 2019- Current Population of Hyderabad City|website=www.indiaonlinepages.com|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> [[million]], it has the largest [[population]] of any [[city]] in the [[Andhra Pradesh|state]]<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf</ref> Hyderabad is an [[Classification of Indian cities|A-1 city]] under the [[wikt:term|term]]s of [[wikt:development|development]] [[wikt:priority|priorities]].<ref name="A1">{{Citation|last=Anand|first=Sarthak|date=11 September 2009|title=Fit to be a capital|periodical=The Times of India:Student Edition|page=2}}</ref> It is also known as ''city of [[Pearl|pearls]]''<ref name="ref2">{{Citation|url=http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21598,21831036-5005040,00.html|title=High times in Hyderabad|publisher=PerthNow|last=Watson|first=Patrick|date=1 June 2007|accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> or ''city of [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams]]''.<ref name="ref3{Ĺ">{{Citation|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/satyam-true-lies/408105/0|title=Satyam: true lies|date=8 January 2009|last=Sarathy|first=Partha|work=Indian Express|accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> The [[people]] of Hyderabad are called ''Hyderabadis.''
Hyderabad was founded in 1591&nbsp;AD by [[Sultan]] Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the banks of river Musi. It was later ruled by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[governor]] Nizam Asaf Jah I who then founded the Asaf Jahi [[Dynasty]] (Also known as [[Nizam of Hyderabad|The Nizams]]). There were a total of 10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hyderabadplanet.com/asaf-jahi-dynasty.html|title=Asaf Jahi Dynasty - Family of the Nizams of Hyderabad (1724 - 1948)|website=HyderabadPlanet.com|access-date=2020-02-18|archive-date=2011-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231155319/http://www.hyderabadplanet.com/asaf-jahi-dynasty.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nizams with the last one being [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]].
Hyderabad was founded in 1591&nbsp;AD by [[Sultan]] Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the banks of river Musi. It was later ruled by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[governor]] Nizam Asaf Jah I who then founded the Asaf Jahi [[Dynasty]] (Also known as [[Nizam of Hyderabad|The Nizams]]). There were a total of 10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hyderabadplanet.com/asaf-jahi-dynasty.html|title=Asaf Jahi Dynasty - Family of the Nizams of Hyderabad (1724 - 1948)|website=HyderabadPlanet.com|access-date=2020-02-18|archive-date=2011-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231155319/http://www.hyderabadplanet.com/asaf-jahi-dynasty.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nizams with the last one being [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]].


The city is home to the Ramoji Film City which spans an area of over {{convert|2000|acre|km2 sqmi|lk=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ramojifilmcity.com/about|title=Ramoji Film City - India’s Only Thematic Holiday Destination|website=www.ramojifilmcity.com|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> The movieindustry here is called The ''Hyderabad Deccan Urdu'' film industry (also known as ''Deccanwood'').<ref name="ref5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/06/deccanwood-indian-film-industry-bollywood-160623102912455.html|title=Deccanwood: An Indian film industry taking on Bollywood|last=Mumtaz|first=Roase|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref>
The city is home to the Ramoji Film City which spans an area of over {{convert|2000|acre|km2 sqmi|lk=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ramojifilmcity.com/about|title=Ramoji Film City - India’s Only Thematic Holiday Destination|website=www.ramojifilmcity.com|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> The movieindustry here is called The ''Hyderabad Deccan Urdu'' film industry (also known as ''Deccanwood'').<ref name="ref5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/06/deccanwood-indian-film-industry-bollywood-160623102912455.html|title=Deccanwood: An Indian film industry taking on Bollywood|last=Mumtaz|first=Roase|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref>
== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Tomb of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in Hyderabad W IMG 4738.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah near Golconda Fort in Hyderabad, India.]]
[[File:Tomb of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in Hyderabad W IMG 4738.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah near Golconda Fort in Hyderabad, India.]]
[[Archaeologist]]s have found [[Iron Age]] sites in Hyderabad that are 2,500 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Rare-discovery-pushes-back-Iron-Age-in-India/articleshow/47322021.cms|title=Rare discovery pushes back Iron Age in India {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India|last=May 18|first=Siddharth Tadepalli {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated:|last2=2015|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18|last3=Ist|first3=19:34}}</ref> These sites have been found near Haythnagar and Ramoji Film City,<ref name="ironage" /> and have [[wikt:bury|burials]] and [[Tool|tools]].<ref name="ironage">{{Citation|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/ET_Cetera/Hyderabads_history_could_date_back_to_500_BC/rssarticleshow/3468146.cms|title=Hyderabad's history could date back to 500 BC|date=10 September 2008|work=The Economic Times|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref> The Qutub Shahi [[King|kings]] ruled Hyderabad till 1687 when the city was taken over by the [[Mughal dynasty|Mughals]]. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was a Qutub Shahi ruler who ordered the construction of the Charminar as a mosque.<ref name="ref10">{{Citation|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/973915082.cms|title=Charminar’s location still has historians stumped|date=16 September 2001|work=The Times of India|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref> Nawab Abdul Hassan Shah who is popularly known as Tanisha was the last [[Qutub Shahi]] ruler of Hyderabad before [[Aurangzeb]] captured it in 1687.<ref name="ref11">{{Citation|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004111400480700.htm&date=2004/11/14/&prd=mag&|title=On the banks of the Godavari|date=14 November 2004|work=The Hindu|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref> Asaf Jah was declared the governor of Hyderabad by Aurangzeb.<ref name="ref12">{{Citation|last=Richards|first=J. F.|title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707|year=1975|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=9|issue=2|pages=241–260|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996}}</ref> This is how the Asaf Jahi Dynasty began which ruled Hyderabad till 1948.<ref name="ref13">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/17/stories/2004091703450500.htm|title=The exit of an infamous ruler|date=17 September 2004|last=Sivanandan|first=T.V.|work=The Hindu|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref>
[[Archaeologist]]s have found [[Iron Age]] sites in Hyderabad that are 2,500 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Rare-discovery-pushes-back-Iron-Age-in-India/articleshow/47322021.cms|title=Rare discovery pushes back Iron Age in India {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India|last=May 18|first=Siddharth Tadepalli {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated:|last2=2015|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18|last3=Ist|first3=19:34}}</ref> These sites have been found near Haythnagar and Ramoji Film City,<ref name="ironage" /> and have [[wikt:bury|burials]] and [[Tool|tools]].<ref name="ironage">{{Citation|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/ET_Cetera/Hyderabads_history_could_date_back_to_500_BC/rssarticleshow/3468146.cms|title=Hyderabad's history could date back to 500 BC|date=10 September 2008|work=The Economic Times|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref> The Qutub Shahi [[King|kings]] ruled Hyderabad till 1687 when the city was taken over by the [[Mughal dynasty|Mughals]]. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was a Qutub Shahi ruler who ordered the construction of the Charminar as a mosque.<ref name="ref10">{{Citation|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/973915082.cms|title=Charminar’s location still has historians stumped|date=16 September 2001|work=The Times of India|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref> Nawab Abdul Hassan Shah who is popularly known as Tanisha was the last [[Qutub Shahi]] ruler of Hyderabad before [[Aurangzeb]] captured it in 1687.<ref name="ref11">{{Citation|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004111400480700.htm&date=2004/11/14/&prd=mag&|title=On the banks of the Godavari|date=14 November 2004|work=The Hindu|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref> Asaf Jah was declared the governor of Hyderabad by Aurangzeb.<ref name="ref12">{{Citation|last=Richards|first=J. F.|title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707|year=1975|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=9|issue=2|pages=241–260|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996}}</ref> This is how the Asaf Jahi Dynasty began which ruled Hyderabad till 1948.<ref name="ref13">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/17/stories/2004091703450500.htm|title=The exit of an infamous ruler|date=17 September 2004|last=Sivanandan|first=T.V.|work=The Hindu|accessdate=9 September 2009}}</ref>


Hyderabad became a [[princely state]] in 1947 after collaboration with India. But soon the Nizam had to sign an Instrument of Accession to the Union of India so that Hyderabad becomes a part of India.<ref name="ref31">{{Citation|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1712/17120730.htm|title=A tale of two states|last=Noorani|first=A.G.|work=THE HINDU|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> On 1 November 1956, the province of Hyderabad was divided into Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh on the basis of language. So, Hyderabad came into the Telugu speaking community and thus became the capital of Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="ref14">{{Citation|url=http://hyderabadonline.in/Profile/History/|title=History}}</ref> The state of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 and separated from Andhra Pradesh retaining Hyderabad as it's capital.
Hyderabad became a [[princely state]] in 1947 after collaboration with India. But soon the Nizam had to sign an Instrument of Accession to the Union of India so that Hyderabad becomes a part of India.<ref name="ref31">{{Citation|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1712/17120730.htm|title=A tale of two states|last=Noorani|first=A.G.|work=THE HINDU|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> On 1 November 1956, the province of Hyderabad was divided into [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] on the basis of language. So, Hyderabad came into the Telugu speaking community and thus became the capital of Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="ref14">{{Citation|url=http://hyderabadonline.in/Profile/History/|title=History}}</ref> The state of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 and separated from Andhra Pradesh retaining Hyderabad as it's capital.


The city has now developed in fields of [[Information technology|IT]] with four IT colleges including JNTU (Jawaharlal Nehru's Technological University ).<ref name="ref15">{{Citation|url=http://www.indicareer.com/city-11-colleges-in-Hyderabad.html|title=Information Technology Colleges in Hyderabad|publisher=India Career|accessdate=10 September 2009}}</ref> The rise of International Airport and real estate has a major impact on the development of Hyderabad.<ref name="ref16">{{Citation|url=http://www.indiaelections.co.in/lok-sabha-constituencies/andhra-pradesh/hyderabad/|title=Updated Election Results Details of Hyderabad|publisher=India Elections.co.in|accessdate=10 September 2009|archive-date=20 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820134353/http://www.indiaelections.co.in/lok-sabha-constituencies/andhra-pradesh/hyderabad/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The city has now developed in fields of [[Information technology|IT]] with four IT colleges including JNTU (Jawaharlal Nehru's Technological University ).<ref name="ref15">{{Citation|url=http://www.indicareer.com/city-11-colleges-in-Hyderabad.html|title=Information Technology Colleges in Hyderabad|publisher=India Career|accessdate=10 September 2009}}</ref> The rise of International Airport and real estate has a major impact on the development of Hyderabad.<ref name="ref16">{{Citation|url=http://www.indiaelections.co.in/lok-sabha-constituencies/andhra-pradesh/hyderabad/|title=Updated Election Results Details of Hyderabad|publisher=India Elections.co.in|accessdate=10 September 2009|archive-date=20 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820134353/http://www.indiaelections.co.in/lok-sabha-constituencies/andhra-pradesh/hyderabad/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Geography ==
== Geography ==
[[File:Mecca masjid.jpg|thumb|left|The Mecca Masjid]]
[[File:Mecca masjid.jpg|thumb|left|The Mecca Masjid]]
Hyderabad is situated at the [[Deccan Plateau]], 500&nbsp;meters above the sea level<ref name="ref18">{{Citation|url=http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v15/n6/full/oby2007165a.html|title=Factors Affecting Prevalence of Overweight Among 12- to 17-year-old Urban Adolescents in Hyderabad, India|doi=10.1038/oby.2007.165|date=2007|last=Laxmaiah|first=Avula|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref> and most of the area is rocky.<ref name="ref19">{{Citation|url=http://www.livemint.com/2008/12/10233900/Public-spaces-for-children-To.html?pg=1|title=Public spaces for children: Too few to count|last=Burte|first=Himanshu|date=11 December 2008|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref> [[Paddy]] is the main crop grown and other crops include Bengal [[gram]], [[nut (fruit)|groundnut]], [[sugar cane]] and sunflower. Hyderabad was found on the banks of [[Musi river]] in 1591. Today that area is known as old city where Mecca Masjid and Hussain Sagar Lake exist.<ref name="ref21">{{Citation|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/18jafri.htm|title=We thought it was a tyre burst|date=18 May 2007|last=Jafri|first=Syed Amin|publisher=Rediff News|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref> The area has many official buildings and that area is very old.<ref name="ref22">{{Citation|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/II07Df02.html|title=The dark side of Hyderabad's success|date=7 September 2007|last=Ramachandran|first=Sudha|work=Asian Times|accessdate=11 September 2009|archive-date=15 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215100300/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/II07Df02.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> From the recent time, Hyderabad has been merged with [[Secunderabad]]. This has led a large, [[unite]]d and [[population|populous]] city with many villages surrounding it.<ref name="ref23">{{Citation|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Hyderabads_fate_hangs_in_balance/rssarticleshow/3581436.cms|title=Hyderabad's fate hangs in balance|date=10 October 2008|work=Times of India|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref>
Hyderabad is situated at the [[Deccan Plateau]], 500&nbsp;meters above the sea level<ref name="ref18">{{Citation|url=http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v15/n6/full/oby2007165a.html|title=Factors Affecting Prevalence of Overweight Among 12- to 17-year-old Urban Adolescents in Hyderabad, India|doi=10.1038/oby.2007.165|date=2007|last=Laxmaiah|first=Avula|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref> and most of the area is rocky.<ref name="ref19">{{Citation|url=http://www.livemint.com/2008/12/10233900/Public-spaces-for-children-To.html?pg=1|title=Public spaces for children: Too few to count|last=Burte|first=Himanshu|date=11 December 2008|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref> [[Paddy]] is the main crop grown and other crops include Bengal [[gram]], [[nut (fruit)|groundnut]], [[sugar cane]] and sunflower. Hyderabad was found on the banks of [[Musi river]] in 1591. Today that area is known as old city where Mecca Masjid and Hussain Sagar Lake exist.<ref name="ref21">{{Citation|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/18jafri.htm|title=We thought it was a tyre burst|date=18 May 2007|last=Jafri|first=Syed Amin|publisher=Rediff News|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref> The area has many official buildings and that area is very old.<ref name="ref22">{{Citation|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/II07Df02.html|title=The dark side of Hyderabad's success|date=7 September 2007|last=Ramachandran|first=Sudha|work=Asian Times|accessdate=11 September 2009|archive-date=15 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215100300/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/II07Df02.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> From the recent time, Hyderabad has been merged with [[Secunderabad]]. This has led a large, [[unite]]d and [[population|populous]] city with many villages surrounding it.<ref name="ref23">{{Citation|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Hyderabads_fate_hangs_in_balance/rssarticleshow/3581436.cms|title=Hyderabad's fate hangs in balance|date=10 October 2008|work=Times of India|accessdate=11 September 2009}}</ref>
=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
Hyderabad has a hot, wet and dry [[climate]]. The [[monsoon]] or rainy season is from late June until late October.<ref name="temp">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/09/stories/2005060903201900.htm|title=Hyderabad monsoon races from 18 July|date=9 June 2005|work=The Hindu|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="ref26">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/29/stories/2007052901781900.htm|title=Hyderabad Monsoon season from 19 July|date=29 May 2007|work=The Hindu|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="ref27">{{Citation|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/19/stories/2004061902531500.htm|title=Hyderabad monsoon season from 19 July|date=19 June 2004|work=The Hindu|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> On average, 32&nbsp;inches of rain falls on the city each year. The highest temperature ever recorded was 51.5&nbsp;°C (113.9&nbsp;°F) on 2 June 1966. The lowest recorded temperature was 1.1&nbsp;°C (43&nbsp;°F) on 8 January 1946.<ref name="ref29">{{Citation|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19970531/15150043.html|title=Severe heat wave in AP continues|date=31 May 1997|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=12 September 2009}}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ref30">{{Citation|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=82134&refer=&units=metric|title=Weatherbase: Historical weather for Hyderabad, India|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> It is cooler in the evenings and mornings because the city is high above sea level.<ref name="ref30"/>
Hyderabad has a hot, wet and dry [[climate]]. The [[monsoon]] or rainy season is from late June until late October.<ref name="temp">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/09/stories/2005060903201900.htm|title=Hyderabad monsoon races from 18 July|date=9 June 2005|work=The Hindu|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="ref26">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/29/stories/2007052901781900.htm|title=Hyderabad Monsoon season from 19 July|date=29 May 2007|work=The Hindu|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="ref27">{{Citation|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/19/stories/2004061902531500.htm|title=Hyderabad monsoon season from 19 July|date=19 June 2004|work=The Hindu|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> On average, 32&nbsp;inches of rain falls on the city each year. The highest temperature ever recorded was 51.5&nbsp;°C (113.9&nbsp;°F) on 2 June 1966. The lowest recorded temperature was 1.1&nbsp;°C (43&nbsp;°F) on 8 January 1946.<ref name="ref29">{{Citation|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19970531/15150043.html|title=Severe heat wave in AP continues|date=31 May 1997|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=12 September 2009}}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ref30">{{Citation|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=82134&refer=&units=metric|title=Weatherbase: Historical weather for Hyderabad, India|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> It is cooler in the evenings and mornings because the city is high above sea level.<ref name="ref30"/>
=== Population ===
=== Population ===
The city has a population of over four million.<ref name="ref32">{{Citation|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-104&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|title=India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population|publisher=World Gazetteer|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> [[Hindu]]s form the majority<ref name="ref33">{{cite book| last = Boda| first = Sharon La| title = International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania| url = https://books.google.com/?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA370| year = 1995| publisher = Taylor & Francis| isbn = 978-1-884964-04-6| page = 370 }}</ref> while [[Muslim]]s are 40% of the population. The Muslim [[wikt:community|community]] of Hyderabad is largest in Telangana.<ref name="ref34">{{Citation|url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31Aug04-Print-Edition/163108200423.htm|title=Muslim population in AP|date=1 August 2004|last=Khan|first=Masood Ali|work=The Milli Gazette|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> Muslims are mainly located in and around the old city. Christians are small in number in the city. Famous churches include those around Abids and Secunderabad like St. Joseph's Cathedral.<ref name="ref35">{{Citation|url=http://www.hyderabadonline.in/TouristPlaces/Spots/|title=Hyderabad's Temples, Mosques and Churches|publisher=HyderabadOnline.in|accessdate=12 September 2009|archive-date=16 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316162951/http://www.hyderabadonline.in/TouristPlaces/Spots/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The city has a population of over four million.<ref name="ref32">{{Citation|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-104&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|title=India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population|publisher=World Gazetteer|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> [[Hindu]]s form the majority<ref name="ref33">{{cite book| last = Boda| first = Sharon La| title = International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania| url = https://books.google.com/?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA370| year = 1995| publisher = Taylor & Francis| isbn = 978-1-884964-04-6| page = 370 }}</ref> while [[Muslim]]s are 40% of the population. The Muslim [[wikt:community|community]] of Hyderabad is largest in Telangana.<ref name="ref34">{{Citation|url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31Aug04-Print-Edition/163108200423.htm|title=Muslim population in AP|date=1 August 2004|last=Khan|first=Masood Ali|work=The Milli Gazette|accessdate=12 September 2009}}</ref> Muslims are mainly located in and around the old city. Christians are small in number in the city. Famous churches include those around Abids and Secunderabad like St. Joseph's Cathedral.<ref name="ref35">{{Citation|url=http://www.hyderabadonline.in/TouristPlaces/Spots/|title=Hyderabad's Temples, Mosques and Churches|publisher=HyderabadOnline.in|accessdate=12 September 2009|archive-date=16 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316162951/http://www.hyderabadonline.in/TouristPlaces/Spots/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Culture==
==Culture==
===Architecture===
===Architecture===
Line 66: Line 60:


Nawab Viqar al-Umra built '''Falaknuma Palace''' in 1872. The palace includes sculptures by artists from Florence.
Nawab Viqar al-Umra built '''Falaknuma Palace''' in 1872. The palace includes sculptures by artists from Florence.
== Language ==
== Language ==
[[Telugu]], [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]] are mainly spoken in Hyderabad.<ref name="telugu">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/25/stories/2005122517650500.htm|title=BACK TO ROOTS: Cultural troupes lend an air of festivity to the Andhra Telugu Association celebrations in Hyderabad|work=The Hindu|date=25 December 2005|accessdate=3 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="ref37">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/31/stories/2007073160340500.htm|title=Quota for Muslims at all-India level favoured|date=31 July 2007|work=The Hindu|accessdate=3 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="booklang">{{cite book| last = Maloney| first = Clarence| title = Language and civilization change in South Asia| year = 1978| publisher = Brill Archive| isbn = 978-90-04-05741-8| page = 182 }}</ref> English is also spoken among the [[education|educated]] people. The Telugu varies across the state but the language remains the same.<ref name=booklang />
[[Telugu]], [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]] are mainly spoken in Hyderabad.<ref name="telugu">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/25/stories/2005122517650500.htm|title=BACK TO ROOTS: Cultural troupes lend an air of festivity to the Andhra Telugu Association celebrations in Hyderabad|work=The Hindu|date=25 December 2005|accessdate=3 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="ref37">{{Citation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/31/stories/2007073160340500.htm|title=Quota for Muslims at all-India level favoured|date=31 July 2007|work=The Hindu|accessdate=3 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="booklang">{{cite book| last = Maloney| first = Clarence| title = Language and civilization change in South Asia| year = 1978| publisher = Brill Archive| isbn = 978-90-04-05741-8| page = 182 }}</ref> English is also spoken among the [[education|educated]] people. The Telugu varies across the state but the language remains the same.<ref name=booklang />
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Hyderabad State]]
* [[Hyderabad State]]
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Hyderabad, India| ]]
[[Category:Hyderabad, India| ]]

Revision as of 15:36, 7 November 2021

Hyderabad
From upper left clockwise: Charminar, Tall Buildings, Hussain Sagar, Golconda Fort, Chowmahalla Palace, and Birla Mandir.
Country India
StateTelangana
DistrictRangareddy
Founded1592
CommissionerB.Prasada Rao
Planning AgencyGreater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority
Population6,809,970
Language(s)Telugu, Urdu, Hindi, English
Time zoneIST (UTC+5:30)
Area7,073 square kilometres (2,731 sq mi)
Codes
Pincode500 xxx
Telephone+91-40
websitewww.ghmc.gov.in

Hyderabad (pronounced (/ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ (About this soundlisten) HY-dər-ə-baad)) is the largest capital of the state of Telangana. At over 12.2[1] million, it has the largest population of any city in the state[2] Hyderabad is an A-1 city under the terms of development priorities.[3] It is also known as city of pearls[4] or city of Nizams.[5] The people of Hyderabad are called Hyderabadis.

Hyderabad was founded in 1591 AD by Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the banks of river Musi. It was later ruled by the Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I who then founded the Asaf Jahi Dynasty (Also known as The Nizams). There were a total of 10[6] Nizams with the last one being Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII.

The city is home to the Ramoji Film City which spans an area of over 2,000 acres (8.1 km2; 3.1 sq mi).[7] The movieindustry here is called The Hyderabad Deccan Urdu film industry (also known as Deccanwood).[8]

History

Tomb of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah near Golconda Fort in Hyderabad, India.

Archaeologists have found Iron Age sites in Hyderabad that are 2,500 years old.[9] These sites have been found near Haythnagar and Ramoji Film City,[10] and have burials and tools.[10] The Qutub Shahi kings ruled Hyderabad till 1687 when the city was taken over by the Mughals. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was a Qutub Shahi ruler who ordered the construction of the Charminar as a mosque.[11] Nawab Abdul Hassan Shah who is popularly known as Tanisha was the last Qutub Shahi ruler of Hyderabad before Aurangzeb captured it in 1687.[12] Asaf Jah was declared the governor of Hyderabad by Aurangzeb.[13] This is how the Asaf Jahi Dynasty began which ruled Hyderabad till 1948.[14]

Hyderabad became a princely state in 1947 after collaboration with India. But soon the Nizam had to sign an Instrument of Accession to the Union of India so that Hyderabad becomes a part of India.[15] On 1 November 1956, the province of Hyderabad was divided into Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh on the basis of language. So, Hyderabad came into the Telugu speaking community and thus became the capital of Andhra Pradesh.[16] The state of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 and separated from Andhra Pradesh retaining Hyderabad as it's capital.

The city has now developed in fields of IT with four IT colleges including JNTU (Jawaharlal Nehru's Technological University ).[17] The rise of International Airport and real estate has a major impact on the development of Hyderabad.[18]

Geography

The Mecca Masjid

Hyderabad is situated at the Deccan Plateau, 500 meters above the sea level[19] and most of the area is rocky.[20] Paddy is the main crop grown and other crops include Bengal gram, groundnut, sugar cane and sunflower. Hyderabad was found on the banks of Musi river in 1591. Today that area is known as old city where Mecca Masjid and Hussain Sagar Lake exist.[21] The area has many official buildings and that area is very old.[22] From the recent time, Hyderabad has been merged with Secunderabad. This has led a large, united and populous city with many villages surrounding it.[23]

Climate

Hyderabad has a hot, wet and dry climate. The monsoon or rainy season is from late June until late October.[24][25][26] On average, 32 inches of rain falls on the city each year. The highest temperature ever recorded was 51.5 °C (113.9 °F) on 2 June 1966. The lowest recorded temperature was 1.1 °C (43 °F) on 8 January 1946.[27][28] It is cooler in the evenings and mornings because the city is high above sea level.[28]

Population

The city has a population of over four million.[29] Hindus form the majority[30] while Muslims are 40% of the population. The Muslim community of Hyderabad is largest in Telangana.[31] Muslims are mainly located in and around the old city. Christians are small in number in the city. Famous churches include those around Abids and Secunderabad like St. Joseph's Cathedral.[32]

Culture

Architecture

Charminar is actually founded as a Mosque and later by archaeological department changed into a monument. Charminar has long been the icon of Hyderabad. The name means "Four minarets". The towers rise to a height of 48.7 m above the ground. There is a mosque with 45 prayer spaces in the upper storeys of the building.

The Golconda Fort was the capital of the Qutb Shahi kingdom. In the 16th century, it was the center of a busy diamond trade. The outer wall of the fort is 10 km around.

Mecca Masjid is one of the oldest mosques in the city. Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah began building it in 1617. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb finished the building in 1694. The mosque is made of granite. The main hall of the mosque is 75 feet high, 220 feet wide and 180 feet long. Ten thousand worshippers can fit inside at the same time. The entrance arches are made of single slabs of granite. It is believed that Muhammed Quli had bricks made from earth brought from Mecca. He used them the central arch of the mosque. This explains the name of the mosque.

The Chowmahalla Palace was Asaf Jahi dynasty capital. The Nizam entertained official guests and royal visitors here.

Nawab Viqar al-Umra built Falaknuma Palace in 1872. The palace includes sculptures by artists from Florence.

Language

Telugu, Urdu and Hindi are mainly spoken in Hyderabad.[33][34][35] English is also spoken among the educated people. The Telugu varies across the state but the language remains the same.[35]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Hyderabad Population 2019- Current Population of Hyderabad City". www.indiaonlinepages.com. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  2. ↑ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
  3. ↑ Anand, Sarthak (11 September 2009), "Fit to be a capital", The Times of India:Student Edition, p. 2
  4. ↑ Watson, Patrick (1 June 2007), High times in Hyderabad, PerthNow, retrieved 7 September 2009
  5. ↑ Sarathy, Partha (8 January 2009), "Satyam: true lies", Indian Express, retrieved 7 September 2009
  6. ↑ "Asaf Jahi Dynasty - Family of the Nizams of Hyderabad (1724 - 1948)". HyderabadPlanet.com. Archived from the original on 31 December 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  7. ↑ "Ramoji Film City - India's Only Thematic Holiday Destination". www.ramojifilmcity.com. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  8. ↑ Mumtaz, Roase. "Deccanwood: An Indian film industry taking on Bollywood". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  9. ↑ May 18, Siddharth Tadepalli | TNN | Updated:; 2015; Ist, 19:34. "Rare discovery pushes back Iron Age in India | Hyderabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 February 2020. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help); |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Hyderabad's history could date back to 500 BC", The Economic Times, 10 September 2008, retrieved 9 September 2009
  11. ↑ "Charminar's location still has historians stumped", The Times of India, 16 September 2001, retrieved 9 September 2009
  12. ↑ "On the banks of the Godavari", The Hindu, 14 November 2004, retrieved 9 September 2009
  13. ↑ Richards, J. F. (1975), "The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707", Modern Asian Studies, 9 (2): 241–260, doi:10.1017/S0026749X00004996
  14. ↑ Sivanandan, T.V. (17 September 2004), "The exit of an infamous ruler", The Hindu, retrieved 9 September 2009
  15. ↑ Noorani, A.G., "A tale of two states", THE HINDU, retrieved 12 September 2009
  16. ↑ History
  17. ↑ Information Technology Colleges in Hyderabad, India Career, retrieved 10 September 2009
  18. ↑ Updated Election Results Details of Hyderabad, India Elections.co.in, archived from the original on 20 August 2009, retrieved 10 September 2009
  19. ↑ Laxmaiah, Avula (2007), Factors Affecting Prevalence of Overweight Among 12- to 17-year-old Urban Adolescents in Hyderabad, India, doi:10.1038/oby.2007.165, retrieved 11 September 2009
  20. ↑ Burte, Himanshu (11 December 2008), Public spaces for children: Too few to count, retrieved 11 September 2009
  21. ↑ Jafri, Syed Amin (18 May 2007), We thought it was a tyre burst, Rediff News, retrieved 11 September 2009
  22. ↑ Ramachandran, Sudha (7 September 2007), "The dark side of Hyderabad's success", Asian Times, archived from the original on 15 December 2009, retrieved 11 September 2009
  23. ↑ "Hyderabad's fate hangs in balance", Times of India, 10 October 2008, retrieved 11 September 2009
  24. ↑ "Hyderabad monsoon races from 18 July", The Hindu, 9 June 2005, retrieved 12 September 2009
  25. ↑ "Hyderabad Monsoon season from 19 July", The Hindu, 29 May 2007, retrieved 12 September 2009
  26. ↑ "Hyderabad monsoon season from 19 July", The Hindu, 19 June 2004, retrieved 12 September 2009
  27. ↑ "Severe heat wave in AP continues", The Indian Express, 31 May 1997, retrieved 12 September 2009[permanent dead link]
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Weatherbase: Historical weather for Hyderabad, India, retrieved 12 September 2009
  29. ↑ India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population, World Gazetteer, retrieved 12 September 2009
  30. ↑ Boda, Sharon La (1995). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. p. 370. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6.
  31. ↑ Khan, Masood Ali (1 August 2004), "Muslim population in AP", The Milli Gazette, retrieved 12 September 2009
  32. ↑ Hyderabad's Temples, Mosques and Churches, HyderabadOnline.in, archived from the original on 16 March 2010, retrieved 12 September 2009
  33. ↑ "BACK TO ROOTS: Cultural troupes lend an air of festivity to the Andhra Telugu Association celebrations in Hyderabad", The Hindu, 25 December 2005, retrieved 3 October 2009
  34. ↑ "Quota for Muslims at all-India level favoured", The Hindu, 31 July 2007, retrieved 3 October 2009
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Maloney, Clarence (1978). Language and civilization change in South Asia. Brill Archive. p. 182. ISBN 978-90-04-05741-8.
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