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The '''1974 smallpox epidemic of India''' was one of the worst [[smallpox]] epidemics of the 20th century and occurred three years before smallpox was eradicated.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bloom DE, Cadarette D|date=28 March 2019|title=Infectious Disease Threats in the Twenty-First Century: Strengthening the Global Response|journal=Front Immunol|volume=10|page=549|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00549|pmc=6447676|pmid=30984169}}</ref> | The '''1974 smallpox epidemic of India''' was one of the worst [[smallpox]] epidemics of the 20th century and occurred three years before smallpox was eradicated.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bloom DE, Cadarette D|date=28 March 2019|title=Infectious Disease Threats in the Twenty-First Century: Strengthening the Global Response|journal=Front Immunol|volume=10|page=549|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00549|pmc=6447676|pmid=30984169|doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
Over 15,000 people contracted and died from smallpox between January and May 1974. Most of the deaths occurred in the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and [[West Bengal]]. There were thousands who survived but were disfigured or blinded. [[India]] reported 61,482 cases of smallpox to [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in these five months. India had over 86% of the world's smallpox cases in 1974, primarily due to this epidemic.<ref name="chart">{{cite web|url=http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ |title=The control and eradication of smallpox in South Asia |website=www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019023043/http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ |archive-date=2008-10-19 }}</ref> By January 1975, an operation was started aimed at containing the last cases of smallpox, called "Target Zero", with the identification of the last smallpox patient in India occurring on May 24, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/smallpox-eradication-india/indian-engages-pandemic/chronology-of-the-campaign|title=Smallpox Eradication in India, 1972-1977 {{!}} Chronology of the eradication campaign {{!}} Online Exhibits {{!}} MLibrary|website=www.lib.umich.edu|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> By 1980, smallpox was certified as being eradicated from the world. | Over 15,000 people contracted and died from smallpox between January and May 1974. Most of the deaths occurred in the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and [[West Bengal]]. There were thousands who survived but were disfigured or blinded. [[India]] reported 61,482 cases of smallpox to [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in these five months. India had over 86% of the world's smallpox cases in 1974, primarily due to this epidemic.<ref name="chart">{{cite web|url=http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ |title=The control and eradication of smallpox in South Asia |website=www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019023043/http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ |archive-date=2008-10-19 }}</ref> By January 1975, an operation was started aimed at containing the last cases of smallpox, called "Target Zero", with the identification of the last smallpox patient in India occurring on May 24, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/smallpox-eradication-india/indian-engages-pandemic/chronology-of-the-campaign|title=Smallpox Eradication in India, 1972-1977 {{!}} Chronology of the eradication campaign {{!}} Online Exhibits {{!}} MLibrary|website=www.lib.umich.edu|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> By 1980, smallpox was certified as being eradicated from the world. | ||
Revision as of 04:45, 3 October 2021
The 1974 smallpox epidemic of India was one of the worst smallpox epidemics of the 20th century and occurred three years before smallpox was eradicated.[1]
Over 15,000 people contracted and died from smallpox between January and May 1974. Most of the deaths occurred in the Indian states of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. There were thousands who survived but were disfigured or blinded. India reported 61,482 cases of smallpox to World Health Organization (WHO) in these five months. India had over 86% of the world's smallpox cases in 1974, primarily due to this epidemic.[2] By January 1975, an operation was started aimed at containing the last cases of smallpox, called "Target Zero", with the identification of the last smallpox patient in India occurring on May 24, 1975.[3] By 1980, smallpox was certified as being eradicated from the world.
Smallpox was eradicated due to the WHO's smallpox eradication program.[4] This program was formally established in 1958, but because of logistics disagreements between the WHO and the Indian government, did not progress rapidly. Headway only began to take place in India after the reorganization of the WHO in the mid 1960s.[5] Donald Henderson, who was a U.S. Public Health Services Officer stationed in New Delhi, said that "If this interest and concern about ending smallpox can be maintained for the next few months, it's all over. We don't think we're overconfident, but everything looks good. By June of 1975, we hope we'll be finished with smallpox in Asia."[4]
References
- ↑ Bloom DE, Cadarette D (28 March 2019). "Infectious Disease Threats in the Twenty-First Century: Strengthening the Global Response". Front Immunol. 10: 549. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00549. PMC 6447676. PMID 30984169.
- ↑ "The control and eradication of smallpox in South Asia". www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
- ↑ "Smallpox Eradication in India, 1972-1977 | Chronology of the eradication campaign | Online Exhibits | MLibrary". www.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Weinraub, B. (16 July 1974). "Smallpox Grows in India; Worst Over, Officials Say". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- ↑ Bhattacharya, Sanjoy (July 2009). "A Tale of Two Global Health Programs". American Journal of Public Health. American Journal of Public Health 99(7). 99 (7): 1176–1184. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.135624. PMC 2696658. PMID 19528668.
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