1974 Sikkimese general election: Difference between revisions

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'''General elections''' were held in [[Sikkim]] on 13 April 1974. They were the first elections in Sikkim to be held on the basis of [[universal suffrage]], and also the last as an independent country.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Verdict in Sikkim|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|date=27 Oct 1979|volume=14|issue=42/43|pages=1737&ndash;1738|jstor=4368050}}</ref> The result was a victory for the [[Sikkim National Congress]], which won 31 of the 32 seats in the State Council. [[Kazi Lhendup Dorjee]] subsequently became Chief Minister.<ref>[http://www.sikkimassembly.org/sikkim_legislative_assembly.html Sikkim Legislative Assembly: An overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921002208/http://www.sikkimassembly.org/sikkim_legislative_assembly.html |date=21 September 2014 }} Sikkim Assembly</ref> In May 1975 Sikkim became a state of [[India]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Ranjan|title=Sikkim: The Merger with India|journal=Asian Survey|date=Sep 1975|volume=15|issue=9|pages=786&ndash;798|jstor=2643174|doi=10.1525/as.1975.15.9.01p0110k}}</ref> at which point the State Council became the [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-thirty-sixth-amendment-act-1975 |title=The Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975 |website=www.india.gov.in |quote=... the Assembly for Sikkim formed as a result of the elections held in Sikkim in April, 1974 ... shall be deemed to be the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim}}</ref>
{{Infobox Election
| election_name      = 1974 Sikkimese general election
| country            = Kingdom of Sikkim
| type              = legislative
| previous_election  = 1973 Sikkimese general election
| previous_year      = 1973
| next_election      = 1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election
| next_year          = 1979
| election_date      = 13 April 1974
| seats_for_election = 32 seats in the [[State Council (Sikkim)|Sikkim State Council]]
| majority_seats    = 17
| party2 = Sikkim National Party
| last_election2 = 9
| seats2 = 1
| party1 = Sikkim National Congress
| last_election1 = 5
| seats1 = 31
| map2_image =
| title            = Chief Minister
| before_election  =
| before_party      =
| posttitle        = Chief Minister
| after_election    = [[Kazi Lhendup Dorjee]]
| after_party      = Sikkim National Congress
}}
'''General elections''' were held in [[Sikkim]] on 13 April 1974. They were the first elections in Sikkim to be held on the basis of [[universal suffrage]], and also the last as an independent country.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Verdict in Sikkim|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|date=27 Oct 1979|volume=14|issue=42/43|pages=1737&ndash;1738|jstor=4368050}}</ref> The result was a victory for the [[Sikkim National Congress]], which won 31 of the 32 seats in the State Council. [[Kazi Lhendup Dorjee]] subsequently became Chief Minister.<ref>[http://www.sikkimassembly.org/sikkim_legislative_assembly.html Sikkim Legislative Assembly: An overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921002208/http://www.sikkimassembly.org/sikkim_legislative_assembly.html |date=21 September 2014 }} Sikkim Assembly</ref> In May 1975 Sikkim became a state of [[India]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Ranjan|title=Sikkim: The Merger with India|journal=Asian Survey|date=Sep 1975|volume=15|issue=9|pages=786&ndash;798|jstor=2643174|doi=10.1525/as.1975.15.9.01p0110k}}</ref> at which point the [[State Council (Sikkim)|State Council]] became the [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-thirty-sixth-amendment-act-1975 |title=The Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975 |website=www.india.gov.in |quote=... the Assembly for Sikkim formed as a result of the elections held in Sikkim in April, 1974 ... shall be deemed to be the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim}}</ref>


==Background==
==Background==
In the [[1973 Sikkimese general election|1973 elections]] the [[Sikkim National Party]] won nine seats out of eighteen elected seats in the 24-seat Sikkim Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Jrp/pdf/133_10.pdf |title=AC Sinha |access-date=2014-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219074152/http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Jrp/pdf/133_10.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Sikkim National Congress]] and [[Sikkim Janata Congress]] claimed there had been vote rigging, leading to protests. Political parties and members of the public demanded ''[[one man, one vote]]''. On 8 May 1973 a tripartite agreement was signed between the [[Chogyal]] [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]], political parties and the [[government of India]]. The agreement provided for the establishment of a responsible government under the supervision of a Chief Executive nominated by the Indian government.<ref name="supremeCourt">{{cite web |url=https://main.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/12205.pdf |title=R.C. Poudyal and ANR. Vs. Union of India and ORS. |quote="It further recited that the Chogyal as well as the representative of the people had requested the Government of India to assume responsibility ... to provide the head of the administration described as Chief Executive to help and achieve the State’s objectives. ... The Chief Executive was to be nominated by the Government of India" |website=Supreme Court of India |date=10 February 1993|access-date= 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=pioneer>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/sunday-edition/how-sikkim-became-a-part-of-india.html |title=How Sikkim became a part of India |newspaper=The Pioneer |date=4 November 2018 |access-date= 3 February 2021 |quote="This agreement had significantly curtailed the powers of the Chogyal and laid the grounds for holding fresh elections in April 1974 under the aegis of the Election Commission of India (ECI)"}}</ref>
In the [[1973 Sikkimese general election|1973 elections]] the [[Sikkim National Party]] won nine seats out of eighteen elected seats in the 24-seat Sikkim State Council.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Jrp/pdf/133_10.pdf |title=AC Sinha |access-date=2014-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219074152/http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Jrp/pdf/133_10.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Sikkim National Congress]] and [[Sikkim Janata Congress]] claimed there had been vote rigging, leading to protests. Political parties and members of the public demanded ''[[one man, one vote]]''. On 8 May 1973 a tripartite agreement was signed between the [[Chogyal]] [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]], political parties and the [[government of India]]. The agreement provided for the establishment of a responsible government under the supervision of a Chief Executive nominated by the Indian government.<ref name="supremeCourt">{{cite web |url=https://main.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/12205.pdf |title=R.C. Poudyal and ANR. Vs. Union of India and ORS. |quote="It further recited that the Chogyal as well as the representative of the people had requested the Government of India to assume responsibility ... to provide the head of the administration described as Chief Executive to help and achieve the State’s objectives. ... The Chief Executive was to be nominated by the Government of India" |website=Supreme Court of India |date=10 February 1993|access-date= 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=pioneer>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/sunday-edition/how-sikkim-became-a-part-of-india.html |title=How Sikkim became a part of India |newspaper=The Pioneer |date=4 November 2018 |access-date= 3 February 2021 |quote="This agreement had significantly curtailed the powers of the Chogyal and laid the grounds for holding fresh elections in April 1974 under the aegis of the Election Commission of India (ECI)"}}</ref>


==Electoral system==
==Electoral system==
Through the Representations of Sikkim Subjects Act, 1974, the Chogyal divided Sikkim into 31 territorial constituencies and one [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]] constituency. The 31 territorial constituencies were allocated as 15 for [[Nepali people|Nepalis]], 15 for the [[Bhutia]]-[[Lepcha people|Lepcha]] and one for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|scheduled castes]] under a parity formula. The [[Sangha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sangha]] constituency represented Chogyal-recognized [[monasteries]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bareh|first1=Hamlet|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Sikkim|date=2001|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7099-794-1|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrr7HPr8NAQC&q=sikkim+election+1974&pg=PA18}}</ref>
Through the Representations of Sikkim Subjects Act, 1974, the Chogyal divided Sikkim into 31 territorial constituencies and one [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]] constituency. The 31 territorial constituencies were allocated as 15 for [[Nepali people|Nepalis]], 15 for the [[Bhutia]]-[[Lepcha people|Lepcha]] and one for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|scheduled castes]], under a parity formula. The [[Sangha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sangha]] constituency represented Chogyal-recognized [[monasteries]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bareh|first1=Hamlet|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Sikkim|date=2001|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7099-794-1|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrr7HPr8NAQC&q=sikkim+election+1974&pg=PA18}}</ref>


==Campaign==
==Campaign==
Line 13: Line 38:


==Results==
==Results==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
{{Election results
!Party
|image=[[File:Sikkim State Council 1974.svg]]
!Votes
|party1=[[Sikkim National Congress]]|seats1=31|sc1=+26
!%
|party2=[[Sikkim National Party]]|seats2=1|sc2=–8
!Seats
|total_sc=+8
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140921002208/http://www.sikkimassembly.org/sikkim_legislative_assembly.html Sikkim Assembly]
}}
 
===Constituency-wise===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Constituency
!Reserved<br/>for<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-6-47 |title=Delimitation of Constituencies, 1974 |date=5 February 1974 |pages=32-34,45 |access-date= 15 June 2021}}</ref>
!Winner
!colspan=2|Party<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-6-47 |title=List of contesting candidates, 1974 |date=11 March 1974 |pages=54-55,68 |access-date= 15 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|1
|Yoksam
|rowspan=2|[[Bhutia-Lepcha|BL]]
|Degay Bhutia
|rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{Sikkim National Congress/meta/color}}"|
|rowspan=3| [[Sikkim National Congress]]
|-
|2
|[[Tashiding]]
|[[Kazi Lhendup Dorjee]]
|-
|3
|[[Geyzing]]
|rowspan=3|[[Nepali people|Nepalis]]
|Kumari Hemlata Chettri
|-
|4
|Dentam
|[[N. B. Khatiwada|Narbahadur Khatiwada]]
| ||Symbol:Umbrella
|-
|5
|Barmiok
|Nanda Kumar Subedi
|rowspan=20 style="background-color: {{Sikkim National Congress/meta/color}}"|
|rowspan=20| [[Sikkim National Congress]]
|-
|6
|[[Rinchenpong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rinchenpong]]
|[[Bhutia-Lepcha|BL]]
|Nayen Tsering Lepcha
|-
|7
|Chakung
|rowspan=4|[[Nepali people|Nepalis]]
|[[B. B. Gurung]]
|-
|8
|Soreong
|Chatur Singh Rai
|-
|9
|[[Daramdin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Daramdin]]
|Krishna Bahadur Limboo
|-
|10
|[[Jorethang]]-[[Nayabazar]]
|Krishna Chandra Pradhan
|-
|11
|[[Ralang]]
|rowspan=2|[[Bhutia-Lepcha|BL]]
|Passang Tshering Bhutia
|-
|12
|Wak
|Adar Singh Lepcha
|-
|13
|[[Damthang]]
|rowspan=7|[[Nepali people|Nepalis]]
|Ratna Bijay Rai
|-
|14
|[[Melli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Melli]]
|Nanda Bahadur Rai
|-
|15
|Rateypani West
|Pendam Bhuwani Prasad Kharcl
|-
|16
|[[Temi]]-[[Tarku, India|Tarku]]
|Badri Nath Pradhan
|-
|17
|Central Pendam-East Pendam
|Kehar Singh Karki
|-
|18
|[[Rhenock (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rhenock]]
|Bhawani Prasad Dahat
|-
|19
|[[Regu]]
|Mohan Guru
|-
|20
|[[Pathing]]
|[[Bhutia-Lepcha|BL]]
|Sonpom Lepcha
|-
|21
|Loosing-Pachekhani
|[[Nepali people|Nepalis]]
|R. C. Poudyal
|-
|22
|Khamdong
|[[Scheduled Castes|SC]]
|Kusu Das
|-
|23
|[[Djongu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Djongu]]
|rowspan=9|[[Bhutia-Lepcha|BL]]
|Loden Tsering Lepcha
|-
|24
|[[Lachen, Sikkim|Lachen]]-Mangshila
|Tasa Tengay Lepcha
|-
|25
|[[Kabi, Sikkim|Kabi]]-[[Tingda]]
|Kalzang Gyatso Bhutia
| ||Symbol:Swastik
|-
|26
|Rakdong-Tentek
|Rinzing Tongden Lepcha
|rowspan=7 style="background-color: {{Sikkim National Congress/meta/color}}"|
|rowspan=7 |[[Sikkim National Congress]]
|-
|27
|Martam
|Shepochung Bhutia
|-
|28
|[[Rumtek]]
|Phigu Tshering Bhutia
|-
|29
|Assam-Lingjey
|Dugo Bhutia
|-
|30
|Ranka
|Nim Tshering Lepcha
|-
|31
|[[Gangtok (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gangtok]]
|Dorjee Tshering Bhutia
|-
|32
|[[Sangha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sangha]]
|[[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]]
|Karma Gonpo Lama
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan=6|Source: Sikkim Darbar Gazette<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-6-47 |title=General Election to Sikkim Assembly, 1974 |date=20 April 1974 |pages=70-71 |access-date= 15 June 2021}}</ref>
|}
 
==Council of Ministers==
The [[Chogyal]] appointed the Council of Ministers on 23 July.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-1-50 |page=108 |title=Notification No 37/SC |date=  |author= |access-date= 1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP880-1-6-47#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=80&xywh=256%2C1261%2C3336%2C2102 |title=Sikkim Darbar Gazette |date=  |author= |access-date= 1 July 2021}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Role
|-
|[[Kazi Lhendup Dorjee]]
|Chief Minister
|-
|Rinzing Tongden Lepcha
|rowspan=4|Minister
|-
|-
|align=left|[[Sikkim National Congress]]|| || ||31
|Bhawani Prasad Dahat
|-
|-
|align=left|[[Sikkim National Party]]|| || ||1
|Dorjee Tshering Bhutia
|-
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''|| || ||'''32'''
|Krishna Chandra Pradhan
|-
|-
|align=left colspan=4|Source: [http://www.sikkimassembly.org/sikkim_legislative_assembly.html Sikkim Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921002208/http://www.sikkimassembly.org/sikkim_legislative_assembly.html |date=21 September 2014 }}
|}
|}


Line 36: Line 232:
[[Category:1974 elections in Asia|Sikkim]]
[[Category:1974 elections in Asia|Sikkim]]
[[Category:1970s in Sikkim]]
[[Category:1970s in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]

Revision as of 03:10, 6 July 2021

1974 Sikkimese general election
Template:Country data Kingdom of Sikkim
← 1973 13 April 1974 1979 →
32 seats in the Sikkim State Council
17 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Sikkim National Congress Sikkim National Party
Last election 5 9
Seats won 31 1
Chief Minister

Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
Sikkim National Congress

General elections were held in Sikkim on 13 April 1974. They were the first elections in Sikkim to be held on the basis of universal suffrage, and also the last as an independent country.[1] The result was a victory for the Sikkim National Congress, which won 31 of the 32 seats in the State Council. Kazi Lhendup Dorjee subsequently became Chief Minister.[2] In May 1975 Sikkim became a state of India,[3] at which point the State Council became the Sikkim Legislative Assembly.[4]

Background

In the 1973 elections the Sikkim National Party won nine seats out of eighteen elected seats in the 24-seat Sikkim State Council.[5] The Sikkim National Congress and Sikkim Janata Congress claimed there had been vote rigging, leading to protests. Political parties and members of the public demanded one man, one vote. On 8 May 1973 a tripartite agreement was signed between the Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal, political parties and the government of India. The agreement provided for the establishment of a responsible government under the supervision of a Chief Executive nominated by the Indian government.[6][7]

Electoral system

Through the Representations of Sikkim Subjects Act, 1974, the Chogyal divided Sikkim into 31 territorial constituencies and one Sangha constituency. The 31 territorial constituencies were allocated as 15 for Nepalis, 15 for the Bhutia-Lepcha and one for scheduled castes, under a parity formula. The Sangha constituency represented Chogyal-recognized monasteries.[8]

Campaign

The Sikkim National Congress contested all the 32 seats, whilst the Sikkim National Party contested five seats. Elections were held with the support of Election Commission of India.[9]

Results

PartySeats+/–
Sikkim National Congress31+26
Sikkim National Party1–8
Total32+8
Source: Sikkim Assembly

Constituency-wise

# Constituency Reserved
for[10] 		Winner Party[11]
1 Yoksam BL Degay Bhutia rowspan=3 style="background-color: Template:Sikkim National Congress/meta/color"| Sikkim National Congress
2 Tashiding Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
3 Geyzing Nepalis Kumari Hemlata Chettri
4 Dentam Narbahadur Khatiwada Symbol:Umbrella
5 Barmiok Nanda Kumar Subedi rowspan=20 style="background-color: Template:Sikkim National Congress/meta/color"| Sikkim National Congress
6 Rinchenpong BL Nayen Tsering Lepcha
7 Chakung Nepalis B. B. Gurung
8 Soreong Chatur Singh Rai
9 Daramdin Krishna Bahadur Limboo
10 Jorethang-Nayabazar Krishna Chandra Pradhan
11 Ralang BL Passang Tshering Bhutia
12 Wak Adar Singh Lepcha
13 Damthang Nepalis Ratna Bijay Rai
14 Melli Nanda Bahadur Rai
15 Rateypani West Pendam Bhuwani Prasad Kharcl
16 Temi-Tarku Badri Nath Pradhan
17 Central Pendam-East Pendam Kehar Singh Karki
18 Rhenock Bhawani Prasad Dahat
19 Regu Mohan Guru
20 Pathing BL Sonpom Lepcha
21 Loosing-Pachekhani Nepalis R. C. Poudyal
22 Khamdong SC Kusu Das
23 Djongu BL Loden Tsering Lepcha
24 Lachen-Mangshila Tasa Tengay Lepcha
25 Kabi-Tingda Kalzang Gyatso Bhutia Symbol:Swastik
26 Rakdong-Tentek Rinzing Tongden Lepcha rowspan=7 style="background-color: Template:Sikkim National Congress/meta/color"| Sikkim National Congress
27 Martam Shepochung Bhutia
28 Rumtek Phigu Tshering Bhutia
29 Assam-Lingjey Dugo Bhutia
30 Ranka Nim Tshering Lepcha
31 Gangtok Dorjee Tshering Bhutia
32 Sangha Sangha Karma Gonpo Lama
Source: Sikkim Darbar Gazette[12]

Council of Ministers

The Chogyal appointed the Council of Ministers on 23 July.[13][14]

Name Role
Kazi Lhendup Dorjee Chief Minister
Rinzing Tongden Lepcha Minister
Bhawani Prasad Dahat
Dorjee Tshering Bhutia
Krishna Chandra Pradhan

References

  1. ↑ "Verdict in Sikkim". Economic and Political Weekly. 14 (42/43): 1737–1738. 27 October 1979. JSTOR 4368050.
  2. ↑ Sikkim Legislative Assembly: An overview Archived 21 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine Sikkim Assembly
  3. ↑ Gupta, Ranjan (September 1975). "Sikkim: The Merger with India". Asian Survey. 15 (9): 786–798. doi:10.1525/as.1975.15.9.01p0110k. JSTOR 2643174.
  4. ↑ "The Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975". www.india.gov.in. ... the Assembly for Sikkim formed as a result of the elections held in Sikkim in April, 1974 ... shall be deemed to be the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim
  5. ↑ "AC Sinha" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  6. ↑ "R.C. Poudyal and ANR. Vs. Union of India and ORS" (PDF). Supreme Court of India. 10 February 1993. Retrieved 20 January 2021. It further recited that the Chogyal as well as the representative of the people had requested the Government of India to assume responsibility ... to provide the head of the administration described as Chief Executive to help and achieve the State's objectives. ... The Chief Executive was to be nominated by the Government of India
  7. ↑ "How Sikkim became a part of India". The Pioneer. 4 November 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2021. This agreement had significantly curtailed the powers of the Chogyal and laid the grounds for holding fresh elections in April 1974 under the aegis of the Election Commission of India (ECI)
  8. ↑ Bareh, Hamlet (2001). Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Sikkim. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 44. ISBN 81-7099-794-1.
  9. ↑ Bareh, p. 18
  10. ↑ "Delimitation of Constituencies, 1974". 5 February 1974. pp. 32–34, 45. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  11. ↑ "List of contesting candidates, 1974". 11 March 1974. pp. 54–55, 68. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  12. ↑ "General Election to Sikkim Assembly, 1974". 20 April 1974. pp. 70–71. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  13. ↑ "Notification No 37/SC". p. 108. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  14. ↑ "Sikkim Darbar Gazette". Retrieved 1 July 2021.
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