Khuman Pokpa: Difference between revisions

Khuman Pokpa
Khuman Pokpa
Apokpa (Ancestor God) of the Khuman clan ; God of the sunset and the night
Member of Mangang Luwang Khuman
	"Khuman Pokpa", the name of the God, written in the archaic Meetei Mayek abugida
Other names	Khuman Apokpa; Khuman Sidaba; Khuman Sitapa;
Affiliation	Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
Major cult center	Mayang Imphal (Khuman kingdom)
Predecessor	Pakhangba
Color	Black
Texts	PuYas
Gender	Male
Region	Mayang Imphal (Khuman kingdom)
Ethnic group	Meitei ethnicity
Festivals	Lai Haraoba
Personal information
Parents	Pakhangba (father);
Siblings	Mangang Apokpa, Luwang Apokpa
Consort	Khuman Pokpi (alias Khuman Apokpi)
Greek equivalent	Erebus
Roman equivalent	Scotus

Latest revision as of 14:07, 27 June 2022

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Template:Infobox Sanamahist term

Template:Sanamahism Khuman Pokpa (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ) or Khuman Apokpa (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄ) is the Apokpa (Ancestor God) of the Khuman clan.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] He is regarded as the founder of the Khuman dynasty.^[8]^[9] He is one of the three members of the Mangang Luwang Khuman in Meitei mythology and religion.^[10] He represents the time of the sunset and the night.^[11]

Etymology[edit]

The name "Khuman Pokpa" is made up of two words, "Khuman" and "Pokpa". In Meitei language (Manipuri language), "Pokpa" means "to beget (be the father of) or to give birth to". The word "Apokpa" comes from "Pokpa". Apokpas are the dead male members of a family for the last three generations. They can be the father, grandfather, or great grandfather of any living person. They looked after the family in the past.^[12] So, "Khuman Pokpa" or "Khuman Apokpa" means "The one who gave birth to the Khumans".

Description[edit]

Meitei people worship fire in the fireplace called Phunga Mei (lit. hearth fire) at home. In the fireplace, people keep three stones kept. One stone is in the right west, another in the north east and another in the south east. This forms a triangle. These three stones represent the three great times of day. The northeastern stone represents the Mangang. The southeastern stone represents the Luwang. The western stone represents the Khuman. Here, Khuman represents the time of the sunset and the night. The remaining Mangang and Luwang represent the sunrise and the noon respectively. The Meiteis addressed the hearth fire (phunga mei) as "Meitreng Arabana Yoimayai Mahut Sinna Mei". The English translation of this Meitei language (Manipuri language) passage is "The burning fire in the hearth place substitutes the Sun". Thus, the Sun is worshipped in the Meetei Phunga.^[11]

Cults and pantheons[edit]

Among many, one of the most important pantheons of God Khuman Pokpa is in Mayang Imphal. Mayang Imphal is the ancient capital of the kingdom of the Khuman Salai.^[13]^[14]

Worship[edit]

In ancient times, God Khuman Pokpa was worshipped for good health and prosperity. According to the beliefs of the fishermen of the Karang Island, diseases with unexplainable causes are caused by gods and goddesses. According to their beliefs, the danger of natural calamities, epidemics, diseases and other miseries are all due to the getting angry of gods and goddesses. The reasons for their anger are usually because of not performing rites and rituals.^[15]

Festival[edit]

The religious festival of Lai Haraoba is celebrated in honor of God Khuman Pokpa in the Karang Islands. The celebration lasts for ten consecutive days during the month of September. In modern days, the celebration draws attention to a large number of tourists.^[16]

References[edit]

↑ Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0706-9.
↑ Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
↑ Frazer, Sir James George (1986). Marriage and Worship in the Early Societies A Treatise on Totemism and Exogamy. Mittal Publications.
↑ Frazer, Sir James George (2013-01-01). Totemism and Exogamy, Vol. II (in Four Volumes). Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60520-979-1.
↑ Hodson, T. C. (1908). The Meitheis. p. 147.
↑ Roy Jyotimoy. Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. 1958. p. 178.
↑ Ghosh, G. K. (1992). Tribals and Their Culture in Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. Ashish Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7024-455-4.
↑ J.G.Frazer (1910). Totemism and exogamy. p. 333.
↑ Frazer, Sir James George (1935). Totemism and Exogamy: A Treatise on Certain Early Forms of Superstition and Society. Macmillan and Company, Limited.
↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Singh, L. Bhagyachandra (1991). A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy. p. 75.
↑ Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1980). Religion Of Manipur. Firma Klm. p. 69.
↑ Singh, N. Tombi (1975). Manipur and the Mainstream. Chitrebirentombichand Khorjeirup.
↑ Chatterjee, Suhas (2000). A Socio Economic History of South Assam. Printwell Publishers Distributors. ISBN 978-81-7044-518-0.
↑ Chaudhury, Sukant Kumar (2006-01-01). Culture, Ecology, and Sustainable Development. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-8324-132-8.
↑ Singh, E. Ishwarjit (2005). Manipur, a Tourist Paradise. B.R. Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-81-7646-506-9.

Bibliography[edit]

An ethnographical survey of totemism (cont.) - Page 327 - Sir James George Frazer · 1910
History of Manipur - Page 174 - Jyotirmoy Roy · 1973
Khamba and Thoibi: The Unscaled Height of Love - Page 189 - N. Tombi Singh · 1976
Manipur: Law, customs, hill-men, language and religion - Page 673 - Naorem Sanajaoba · 2003
Out of Isolation: Exploring a Forgotten World, Uncovering a Culture in Conflict - Page 492 - Frans Welman · 2007
Proceedings of North East India History Association - Page 115 - North East India History Association. Session · 1983
The Meitheis - Page 99 - Thomas Callan Hodson · 1908

External links[edit]

INTERNET ARCHIVE, Khuman Pokpa

Template:Sanamahi1

[1] Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0706-9.

[2] Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.

[3] Frazer, Sir James George (1986). Marriage and Worship in the Early Societies A Treatise on Totemism and Exogamy. Mittal Publications.

[4] Frazer, Sir James George (2013-01-01). Totemism and Exogamy, Vol. II (in Four Volumes). Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60520-979-1.

[5] Hodson, T. C. (1908). The Meitheis. p. 147.

[6] Roy Jyotimoy. Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. 1958. p. 178.

[7] Ghosh, G. K. (1992). Tribals and Their Culture in Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. Ashish Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7024-455-4.

[8] J.G.Frazer (1910). Totemism and exogamy. p. 333.

[9] Frazer, Sir James George (1935). Totemism and Exogamy: A Treatise on Certain Early Forms of Superstition and Society. Macmillan and Company, Limited.

[10] Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.

[Singh_1991_75-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Singh, L. Bhagyachandra (1991). A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy. p. 75.

[12] Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1980). Religion Of Manipur. Firma Klm. p. 69.

[13] Singh, N. Tombi (1975). Manipur and the Mainstream. Chitrebirentombichand Khorjeirup.

[14] Chatterjee, Suhas (2000). A Socio Economic History of South Assam. Printwell Publishers Distributors. ISBN 978-81-7044-518-0.

[15] Chaudhury, Sukant Kumar (2006-01-01). Culture, Ecology, and Sustainable Development. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-8324-132-8.

[16] Singh, E. Ishwarjit (2005). Manipur, a Tourist Paradise. B.R. Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-81-7646-506-9.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{See also|Apokpa}}
+{{Contains special characters}}
 {{Infobox deity
-|type=Meitei
+| type         = Meitei
-|alt=
+| name         = Khuman Pokpa
-|cult_centre=[[Khuman kingdom]]
+| deity_of     = [[Apokpa]] (Ancestor God) of the [[Khuman dynasty|Khuman clan]] <br /> God of the sunset and the night
-|affiliation=[[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])
+| member_of    = [[Mangang Luwang Khuman]]
-|associate=
+| image        = KHUMAN POKPA.jpg
-|script=ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ
+| alt          = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] -->
-|script_name=Meitei
+| caption      = "Khuman Pokpa", the name of the God, written in the archaic Meetei Mayek abugida
-|hiro=
+| other_names  =
-|other_names=Khuman Apokpa
+* Khuman Apokpa
-|caption=
+* Khuman Sidaba
-|image_upright=
+* Khuman Sitapa
-|name=Khuman Pokpa
+| hiro         =
-|image=
+| Old_Norse    =
-|member_of= [[Apokpa]]
+| script_name  =
-|alusi_of=
+| script       =
-|god_of=
+| affiliation  = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])
-|deity_of=Ancestor God of the Khuman clan<br>God of Darkness
+| cult_center  = [[Mayang Imphal]] ([[Khuman kingdom]])
-|symbol=Serpent
+| abode        = <!-- or | abodes = -->
-|weapon=Serpentine scepter
+| planet       = <!-- or | world = -->
-|animals=Serpents
+| weapon       = <!-- or | weapons = -->
-|complexion=Dark
+| battles      =
-|colour=Black
+| artifacts    = <!-- or | artefacts = -->
-|gender=Male
+| animals      =
-|ethnic_group=[[Meitei ethnicity]]
+| symbol       = <!-- or | symbols = -->
-|festivals=[[Lai Haraoba]]
+| adherents    =
-|father=[[Pakhangpa]]
+| height       =
-|siblings=Mangang Apokpa, Luwang Apokpa
+| age          =
-|dynasty=[[Khuman dynasty]]
+| tree         =
-|consort=Khuman Pokpi (Khuman Apokpi)
+| day          =
-|greek_equivalent=[[Erebus]]
+| color        = [[Black]]
-|predecessor=[[Pakhangpa]]
+| number       =
-|roman_equivalent=[[Scotus]]}}
+| consort      = Khuman Pokpi (alias Khuman Apokpi)
-'''Khuman Pokpa''' ({{lang-omp|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ}}), also spelt as '''Khuman Apokpa''' ({{lang-mni|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄ}}), is the ancestral deity ([[apokpa]]) of the [[Khuman dynasty|Khuman clan]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yi_XAAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG-8yN0ePuAhVFGaYKHQD8BEc4ChDoATAAegQIAxAC</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QwqBAAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigwa250OPuAhVPT30KHeiUDucQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA49&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigwa250OPuAhVPT30KHeiUDucQ6AEwAnoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=khuman%20pokpa&f=false</ref> He is regarded as the progenitor god of the [[Khuman dynasty]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zt3DN-g5WioC&q=khuman+pokpa&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG-8yN0ePuAhVFGaYKHQD8BEc4ChDoATAIegQIBhAC</ref> Among many, one of his foremost pantheons is located in Mayang Imphal, the ancient capital of the [[Khuman kingdom]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Qs4BAAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG-8yN0ePuAhVFGaYKHQD8BEc4ChDoATABegQICBAC</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ikluAAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG-8yN0ePuAhVFGaYKHQD8BEc4ChDoATACegQIBxAC</ref>
+| father       = [[Pakhangba]]
-In ancient times, village people used to worship the God to get blessings of good health and prosperity.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zmxK-f7EA6kC&pg=PA143&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG-8yN0ePuAhVFGaYKHQD8BEc4ChDoATAFegQIABAC#v=onepage&q=khuman%20pokpa&f=false</ref>
+| siblings     = Mangang Apokpa, Luwang Apokpa
+| offspring    = <!-- or | children = -->
+| predecessor  = [[Pakhangba]]
+| successor    =
+| army         =
+| mount        =
+| texts        = [[PuYa]]s
+| gender       = Male
+| Greek_equivalent     = [[Erebus]]
+| Roman_equivalent     = [[Scotus]]
+| Etruscan_equivalent  =
+| Christian_equivalent =
+| Slavic_equivalent    =
+| Hinduism_equivalent  =
+| Canaanite_equivalent =
+| equivalent1_type =
+| equivalent1 =
+| equivalent2_type =
+| equivalent2 =
+| region       = [[Mayang Imphal]] ([[Khuman kingdom]])
+| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]]
+| festivals    = [[Lai Haraoba]]
+}}
+{{Infobox Sanamahist term
+| title    = Khuman Pokpa
+| en       = Khuman Pokpa
+| omp      = ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄ
+| omp-Latn = khoo-man a-pok-pa
+| mni      = ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ
+| mni-Latn = khoo-man pok-pa
+| as       = খুমন পোকপা / খুমন পোক্পা
+| as-Latn  = khoo-man pok-pa
+| bn       = খুমন পোকপা / খুমন পোক্পা
+| bn-Latn  = khoo-man pok-pa
+| my       =
+| my-Latn  =
+| hi       = खूमन पोकपा / खूमन पोक्पा
+| hi-Latn  = khoo-man pok-pa
+}}
+{{Meitei mythology}}
+{{Sanamahism}}
+'''Khuman Pokpa''' ({{lang-mni|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ}}) or '''Khuman Apokpa''' ({{lang-mni|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄ}}) is the [[Apokpa]] (Ancestor God) of the [[Khuman dynasty|Khuman clan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&dq=khuman+pokpa&pg=PA1554|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|last=Prakash|first=Col Ved|date=2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0706-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&dq=khuman+pokpa&pg=PA49|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUYWbzjB1S4C&dq=khuman+pokpa&pg=PA327|title=Marriage and Worship in the Early Societies A Treatise on Totemism and Exogamy|last=Frazer|first=Sir James George|date=1986|publisher=Mittal Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4xcT9e883CAC&dq=khuman+pokpa&pg=PA327|title=Totemism and Exogamy, Vol. II (in Four Volumes)|last=Frazer|first=Sir James George|date=2013-01-01|publisher=Cosimo, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60520-979-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39851/page/n147/mode/2up?q=Khuman+Pokpa+Khumans|title=The Meitheis|last=Hodson|first=T. C.|date=1908|pages=147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.507183/page/178/mode/2up?q=Khuman+Pokpa|title=Roy Jyotimoy.|date=1958|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay.|pages=178}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwqBAAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa|title=Tribals and Their Culture in Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|date=1992|publisher=Ashish Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7024-455-4|language=en}}</ref> He is regarded as the founder of the [[Khuman dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.277313/page/n333/mode/2up?q=Khuman+Pokpa|title=Totemism and exogamy|last=J.G.Frazer|date=1910|pages=333}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zt3DN-g5WioC&q=khuman+pokpa|title=Totemism and Exogamy: A Treatise on Certain Early Forms of Superstition and Society|last=Frazer|first=Sir James George|date=1935|publisher=Macmillan and Company, Limited|language=en}}</ref> He is one of the three members of the Mangang Luwang Khuman in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&q=Purol+ahum+Mangang+Luwang+Khuman+Chingoo+shidaba+ahum&pg=PA369|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last1=Meitei|first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Sarit K.|last3=Arunkumar|first3=M. C.|date=2020-11-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-29629-7|language=en}}</ref> He represents the time of the sunset and the night.<ref name="Singh 1991 75">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461915/page/n75/mode/2up?q=Khuman+Pokpa+sun+set+night|title=A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy|last=Singh|first=L. Bhagyachandra|date=1991|pages=75}}</ref>
-The religious festival of [[Lai Haraoba]] dedicated to Khuman Pokpa in the land of [[Karang island]], is celebrated for ten conscutive days.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GP9_AAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa&dq=khuman+pokpa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwids4bv0OPuAhUDX30KHTABBoEQ6AEwB3oECAYQAg</ref>
+== Etymology ==
+The name "Khuman Pokpa" is made up of two words, "Khuman" and "Pokpa". In [[Meitei language]] ([[Manipuri language]]), "Pokpa" means "to beget (be the father of) or to give birth to". The word "Apokpa" comes from "Pokpa". Apokpas are the dead male members of a family for the last three generations. They can be the father, grandfather, or great grandfather of any living person. They looked after the family in the past.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/69/mode/2up?q=Khuman+Pokpa|title=Religion Of Manipur|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1980|publisher=Firma Klm|pages=69}}</ref> So, "Khuman Pokpa" or "Khuman Apokpa" means "The one who gave birth to the Khumans".
-==References==
+== Description ==
+[[Meitei people]] worship fire in the fireplace called ''Phunga Mei'' (lit. ''[[hearth]] fire'') at home. In the fireplace, people keep three stones kept. One stone is in the right west, another in the north east and another in the south east. This forms a triangle. These three stones represent the three great times of day. The northeastern stone represents the Mangang. The southeastern stone represents the Luwang. The western stone represents the Khuman. Here, Khuman represents the time of the sunset and the night. The remaining Mangang and Luwang represent the sunrise and the noon respectively. The Meiteis addressed the ''hearth fire'' (''phunga mei'') as ''"Meitreng Arabana Yoimayai Mahut Sinna Mei"''. The English translation of this [[Meitei language]] ([[Manipuri language]]) passage is ''"The burning fire in the hearth place substitutes the Sun"''. Thus, the Sun is worshipped in the Meetei Phunga.<ref name="Singh 1991 75"/>
+== Cults and pantheons ==
+Among many, one of the most important pantheons of God Khuman Pokpa is in [[Mayang Imphal]]. [[Mayang Imphal]] is the ancient capital of the kingdom of the [[Khuman Salai]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qs4BAAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa|title=Manipur and the Mainstream|last=Singh|first=N. Tombi|date=1975|publisher=Chitrebirentombichand Khorjeirup|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ikluAAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa|title=A Socio Economic History of South Assam|last=Chatterjee|first=Suhas|date=2000|publisher=Printwell Publishers Distributors|isbn=978-81-7044-518-0|language=en}}</ref>
+== Worship ==
+In ancient times, God Khuman Pokpa was worshipped for good health and prosperity. According to the beliefs of the fishermen of the Karang Island, diseases with unexplainable causes are caused by gods and goddesses. According to their beliefs, the danger of natural calamities, epidemics, diseases and other miseries are all due to the getting angry of gods and goddesses. The reasons for their anger are usually because of not performing rites and rituals.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zmxK-f7EA6kC&dq=khuman+pokpa&pg=PA143|title=Culture, Ecology, and Sustainable Development|last=Chaudhury|first=Sukant Kumar|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-8324-132-8|language=en}}</ref>
+== Festival ==
+The religious festival of [[Lai Haraoba]] is celebrated in honor of God Khuman Pokpa in the Karang Islands. The celebration lasts for ten consecutive days during the month of September. In modern days, the celebration draws attention to a large number of tourists.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GP9_AAAAMAAJ&q=khuman+pokpa|title=Manipur, a Tourist Paradise|last=Singh|first=E. Ishwarjit|date=2005|publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-81-7646-506-9|language=en}}</ref>
+== References ==
 {{Reflist}}
-==Related pages==
+== Bibliography ==
-* [[Moirang Ningthourol Lambuba]]
+* An ethnographical survey of totemism (cont.) - Page 327 - Sir James George Frazer · 1910
+* History of Manipur - Page 174 - Jyotirmoy Roy · 1973
+* Khamba and Thoibi: The Unscaled Height of Love - Page 189 - N. Tombi Singh · 1976
+* Manipur: Law, customs, hill-men, language and religion - Page 673 - Naorem Sanajaoba · 2003
+* Out of Isolation: Exploring a Forgotten World, Uncovering a Culture in Conflict - Page 492 - Frans Welman · 2007
+* Proceedings of North East India History Association - Page 115 - North East India History Association. Session · 1983
+* The Meitheis - Page 99 - Thomas Callan Hodson · 1908
+== External links ==
+{{Commons}}
+{{Wiktionary|Khuman Pokpa}}
+* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Khuman+Pokpa&sin=TXT&page=1 INTERNET ARCHIVE, Khuman Pokpa]
+{{Sanamahi1}}
+[[Category:Abundance deities]]
+[[Category:Abundance gods]]
+[[Category:Creator deities]]
+[[Category:Creator gods]]
+[[Category:Domestic and hearth deities]]
+[[Category:Domestic and hearth gods]]
+[[Category:Fertility deities]]
+[[Category:Fertility gods]]
+[[Category:Fire deities]]
+[[Category:Fire gods]]
+[[Category:Fortune deities]]
+[[Category:Fortune gods]]
+[[Category:Health deities]]
+[[Category:Health gods]]
+[[Category:Life-death-rebirth deities]]
+[[Category:Life-death-rebirth gods]]
+[[Category:Magic deities]]
+[[Category:Magic gods]]
+[[Category:Maintenance deities]]
+[[Category:Maintenance gods]]
 [[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]]
-{{simple-Wikipedia}}
+[[Category:Names of God in Sanamahism]]
+[[Category:Nature deities]]
+[[Category:Nature gods]]
+[[Category:Night deities]]
+[[Category:Night gods]]
+[[Category:Peace deities]]
+[[Category:Peace gods]]
+[[Category:Savior deities]]
+[[Category:Savior gods]]
+[[Category:Sleep deities]]
+[[Category:Sleep gods]]
+[[Category:Time and fate deities]]
+[[Category:Time and fate gods]]
+[[Category:Tutelary deities]]
+[[Category:Tutelary gods]]