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{{use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} | {{use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} | ||
{{Short description|cultivating caste of Odisha, India}} | {{Short description|cultivating caste of Odisha, India}} | ||
'''Khandayat or Khandait''' is a Martial caste from [[Odisha]], [[East India|East india]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Behuria|first=N. C.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Q2EKAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Khandayat|title=Orissa State Gazetteer|date=1990|publisher=Gazetteers Unit, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Behura|first=Nab Kishore|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o6Gz0ZDw7PQC&pg=PA42&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjF3oe9l8LwAhUUxTgGHcn5An0Q6AEwBXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Khandayat&f=false|title=Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study|last2=Mohanty|first2=Ramesh P.|date=2005|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-920-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Patnaik|first=Nihar Ranjan|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1AA9W9_4Z9gC&pg=PA155&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy64LzmcLwAhW0V3wKHbfgD5k4FBDoATAIegQIARAD#v=onepage&q=Land%20militia&f=false|title=Economic History of Orissa|date=1997|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-075-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pati|first=Rabindra Nath|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA116&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd_cj8tc3wAhXfwjgGHahrBtcQ6AEwA3oECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Khandayat%20landed%20militia&f=false|title=Family Planning|date=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LjQXYzVn_GYC&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Landed+militia|title=Regional Development Dialogue|date=2009|publisher=United Nations Centre for Regional Development.|language=en}}</ref> They were feudal chiefs, military generals, zamindars, large land holders and agriculturalists.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhola|first=Sudhira Chandra|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4eLsAAAAMAAJ&dq=Khandayat+Feudal&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Khandayat|title=British Economic Policy in Orissa|date=1990|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-075-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Samal|first=J. K.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NO4xIxxt0kYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jk+samal+economy+history+of+odisha&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh6u62usbwAhW3wjgGHQ87DjYQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=khandait%20&f=false|title=Economic History of Orissa, 1866-1912|date=1990|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-218-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ernst|first=Waltraud|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9eKbW3ukh9oC&q=biswamoy+pati+khandayats&pg=PA89&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Privileged%20tenure%20holders%20&f=false|title=India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism|last2=Pati|first2=Biswamoy|date=2007-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-11988-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bailey|first=Frederick George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNHRWtDWsRIC&pg=PA132|title=Politics and Social Change|publisher=University of California Press|year=1970|page=132}}</ref> Numerically they are the largest caste of the state.<ref>{{cite book|title=Punjab Journal of Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktksAAAAIAAJ&q=khandayat+largest+caste+in+odisha|year=1986|publisher=Department of Political Science, Guru Nanak Dev University}}</ref> | '''Khandayat or Khandait''' is a Martial caste from [[Odisha]], [[East India|East india]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Behuria|first=N. C.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Q2EKAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Khandayat|title=Orissa State Gazetteer|date=1990|publisher=Gazetteers Unit, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Behura|first=Nab Kishore|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o6Gz0ZDw7PQC&pg=PA42&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjF3oe9l8LwAhUUxTgGHcn5An0Q6AEwBXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Khandayat&f=false|title=Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study|last2=Mohanty|first2=Ramesh P.|date=2005|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-920-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Patnaik|first=Nihar Ranjan|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1AA9W9_4Z9gC&pg=PA155&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy64LzmcLwAhW0V3wKHbfgD5k4FBDoATAIegQIARAD#v=onepage&q=Land%20militia&f=false|title=Economic History of Orissa|date=1997|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-075-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pati|first=Rabindra Nath|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA116&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd_cj8tc3wAhXfwjgGHahrBtcQ6AEwA3oECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Khandayat%20landed%20militia&f=false|title=Family Planning|date=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LjQXYzVn_GYC&dq=Khandayat+landed+militia&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Landed+militia|title=Regional Development Dialogue|date=2009|publisher=United Nations Centre for Regional Development.|language=en}}</ref> They were feudal chiefs, military generals, zamindars, large land holders and agriculturalists.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhola|first=Sudhira Chandra|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4eLsAAAAMAAJ&dq=Khandayat+Feudal&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Khandayat|title=British Economic Policy in Orissa|date=1990|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-075-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Samal|first=J. K.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NO4xIxxt0kYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jk+samal+economy+history+of+odisha&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh6u62usbwAhW3wjgGHQ87DjYQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=khandait%20&f=false|title=Economic History of Orissa, 1866-1912|date=1990|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-218-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ernst|first=Waltraud|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9eKbW3ukh9oC&q=biswamoy+pati+khandayats&pg=PA89&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Privileged%20tenure%20holders%20&f=false|title=India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism|last2=Pati|first2=Biswamoy|date=2007-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-11988-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bailey|first=Frederick George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNHRWtDWsRIC&pg=PA132|title=Politics and Social Change|publisher=University of California Press|year=1970|page=132}}</ref> Numerically they are the largest caste of the state.<ref>{{cite book|title=Punjab Journal of Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktksAAAAIAAJ&q=khandayat+largest+caste+in+odisha|year=1986|publisher=Department of Political Science, Guru Nanak Dev University}}</ref> During British raj, they ruled many tributary states in Odisha. | ||
{{Infobox caste | {{Infobox caste | ||
Revision as of 21:54, 1 August 2026
Khandayat or Khandait is a Martial caste from Odisha, East india.[1][2][3][4][5] They were feudal chiefs, military generals, zamindars, large land holders and agriculturalists.[6][7][8][9] Numerically they are the largest caste of the state.[10] During British raj, they ruled many tributary states in Odisha.
| Khandayat | |
|---|---|
| Religions | Hinduism |
| Languages | Odia |
| Populated states | Odisha |
Etymology
The name Khandayat is originated from the word "Khanda" which means Sword and khandayat means sword wielding.[11][12]
History
The term Khandayat refers to a ruler who governs and administers a vast territory/region, and a great warrior who rules a Khanda (region). Every Kshatriya and warrior community in Odisha is referred to as Khandayat, as mentioned in various Odia texts, inscriptions, genealogies, and ancient records. Khandayat is synonymous with Kshatriyas of Odisha. Khandayat is the local name for Kshatriyas in Odisha. Most of the zamindaris (landlord estates) in Odisha are in the possession of Khandayats.
References
- ↑ Behuria, N. C. (1990). Orissa State Gazetteer. Gazetteers Unit, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa.
- ↑ Behura, Nab Kishore; Mohanty, Ramesh P. (2005). Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-920-3.
- ↑ Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997). Economic History of Orissa. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-075-0.
- ↑ Pati, Rabindra Nath (2008). Family Planning. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0352-8.
- ↑ Regional Development Dialogue. United Nations Centre for Regional Development. 2009.
- ↑ Bhola, Sudhira Chandra (1990). British Economic Policy in Orissa. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-075-0.
- ↑ Samal, J. K. (1990). Economic History of Orissa, 1866-1912. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-218-9.
- ↑ Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy (18 October 2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-11988-2.
- ↑ Bailey, Frederick George (1970). Politics and Social Change. University of California Press. p. 132.
- ↑ Punjab Journal of Politics. Department of Political Science, Guru Nanak Dev University. 1986.
- ↑ Ghosh, G. K. (2000). Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India. Firma KLM. ISBN 978-81-7102-046-1.
- ↑ Pati, Biswamoy (2003). Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800-2000. Three Essays Collective. ISBN 978-81-88789-04-7.
Further reading
- Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy, eds. (2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13411-988-2.
- Pati, Biswamoy (2001). Situating Social History: Orissa, 1800-1997. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-8-12502-007-3.
- Senapati, Fakir Mohan (2005). Six Acres and a Third: The Classic Nineteenth-century Novel about Colonial India. Mishra, Rabi Shankar (trans.). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52022-883-2.
- Roy, Bhaskar (2004). "Khandayats moving into political gear in Orissa". Times of India.