Pāvā: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by Omnipaedista
Last edited November 23, 2025
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Uttar Pradesh Buddhist sites added
small edit
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Historical city in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{About|the Buddhist site in Uttar Pradesh||Pava (disambiguation)}}
{{About|the Buddhist site in Uttar Pradesh||Pava (disambiguation)}}
[[File:pava.jpg|thumb|right|325px|A stupa built at the place where Cunda's house used to be, at the site of ancient Pava.]]
[[File:pava.jpg|thumb|325px|A stupa built at the place where [[Cunda Kammāraputta|Cunda's]] house used to be, in ancient Pava (present-day [[Fazilnagar]])]]
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
'''Pava''' (now [[Padrauna]]) was a city in ancient [[India]], at the time of [[Mahavira]] and [[Gautama Buddha]]. It was a city of the [[Malla (India)|Malla]]s which the Buddha visited during his last journey, going there from Bhogagama and staying at [[Cunda (Buddhism)|Cunda]]'s mango grove. Pava is located about 15 kilometres east of [[Kushinagar]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].
'''Pāvā''' was an important city of the [[Malla (tribe)|Malla tribe]] of [[History_of_India#Second_urbanisation_(c._600_%E2%80%93_200_BCE)|ancient India]] at the time of the [[Haryanka dynasty]] of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]. It is located about {{convert|20|km}} southeast of [[Kushinagar]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name=Carlleyle1885>{{cite book|last=Carlleyle|first=A. C. L.|author-link=A. C. L. Carlleyle|title=Report of Tours in Gorakhpur, Saran and Ghazipur in 1877-78-79 and 80|chapter=Pāwā|volume=22|pages=29–35|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|location=Calcutta|year=1885|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.12162/page/n35/mode/2up}}</ref>


Cunda lived in Pava and invited the Buddha to a meal, which proved to be his last. It was on this occasion that the Cunda Sutta was preached.<ref>SNA.i. 159</ref> From Pava the Buddha journeyed on to Kushinagar, crossing the Kakkuttha River on the way<ref>D.ii.126 ff.; Ud.viii.5; the road from Pava to Kushinagar is mentioned several times in the books Vin.ii.284; D.ii.162.</ref>
==Possible locations==
The precise location of ancient Pāvā is not known with certainty. Likely candidates include:
*an ancient site known as Fazilnagar ka kot ([[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] SL.# N-UP-P25), located in present-day [[Fazilnagar]], in Kushinagar district<ref name=Carlleyle1885/><ref>{{Cite web | title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Patna - Archaeological Survey of India | url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_patna.asp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626195839/http://asi.nic.in:80/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_patna.asp | access-date=2025-03-22 | archive-date=2007-06-26}}</ref><ref name=TBE>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Pava|encyclopedia=Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia|date=3 February 2016|url=http://tibetanbuddhistencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Pava|accessdate=8 October 2022}}</ref>
*a large flat-topped mound of ruins known as Jharmatiya ([[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] SL.# N-UP-P21), located in present-day Chetiaon, in Kushinagar district<ref name=Chakrabarti2006>{{cite book|last=Chakrabarti|first=Dilip K.|author-link=Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti|editor-last=Olivelle|editor-first=Patrick|editor-link=Patrick Olivelle|title=Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE|chapter=Relating History to the Land: Urban Centers, Geographical Units, and Trade Routes in the Gangetic and Central India of circa 200 BCE|page=17|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2006|isbn=978-0195305326|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&dq=%22The+Buddha%E2%80%99s+final+journey+from+Vaisali+to+Kusinagar,+where+he+died,+took+him+past+the+major+st%C5%ABpa+site+of+Kesariya%22&pg=PA17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.dailynews.lk/2022/05/16/features/278876/buddha%E2%80%99s-last-journey | title=The Buddha's Last Journey | newspaper=Daily News }}</ref>


According to the [[Sangiti Sutta]], at the time the Buddha was staying at Pava, the Mallas had just completed their new Mote hall, Ubbhataka, and, at their invitation, the Buddha consecrated it by first occupying it and then preaching in it. After the Buddha had finished speaking, [[Sariputta]] recited the [[Digha Nikaya|Sangiti Sutta]] to the assembled monks.
==Buddhist history==
When the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] reached his eightieth year, he felt that his time in this world was approaching an end. At that time, according to the ''[[Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta]]'' ([[Sutra|Sutta]] 16 of the ''[[Dīgha Nikāya]]''), he and some of his disciples undertook a months-long journey that would take them from [[Rajgir|Rājagṛha]], through [[Patna|Pāṭaliputta]], [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesāli]], [[Kesaria|Bhoganagara]], and Pāvā, to their final destination at [[Kushinagar|Kuśinagara]].<ref name=DN16>{{cite web|title=Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (DN 16), translated from the Pali by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu|work=[[Dīgha Nikāya]] of the [[Pali Canon]]|publisher=dhammatalks.org|year=2022|url=https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/DN/DN16.html|accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref> It was at Pāvā that [[Cunda Kammāraputta|Cunda]], a resident of Pāvā, invited the group to a meal that featured a food called ''sukaramaddava''. This would prove to be the Buddha's last meal, as he was afflicted by a painful illness resembling [[dysentery]] soon after consuming the meal.<ref name=BDEA29>{{cite web|title=The Buddha's Last Meal|work=Life of the Buddha|publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association|location=Tullera, NSW, Australia|year=2008|url=https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/lifebuddha/2_29lbud.htm|accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref> It was on this occasion that the ''Cunda Sutta'' ([[Aṅguttara Nikāya|AN]] 6:46) was preached.<ref name=AN646>{{cite web|title=Cunda Sutta (AN 6:46), translated from the Pali by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu|work=[[Abhidhamma Piṭaka]] of the [[Pali Canon]]|publisher=dhammatalks.org|year=2022|url=https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/AN/AN6_46.html|accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref> At that time, the Mallas had just completed their new meeting hall. Upon their invitation, the Buddha consecrated it by first occupying it and then preaching in it. After the Buddha had finished speaking, one of his leading disciples, [[Śāriputra]], recited the ''Saṅgīti Sutta'' ([[Dīgha Nikāya|DN]] 33) to the assembled monks. After the meal, the Buddha crossed the Kakkuttha River (now called the Khanua River) and completed his journey to Kushinagar.<ref>D.ii.126 ff.; Ud.viii.5; the road from Pāvā to Kushinagar is mentioned several times in the mss. Vin.ii.284; D.ii.162.</ref> Soon after his arrival in Kushinagar, the Buddha attained ''[[parinirvana]]''. After the Buddha's [[cremation]], the Mallas of Pāvā claimed a share in his relics. A [[Brahmin]] named Drona satisfied their claim, and a [[stupa]] was erected in Pāvā over their share of the relics.<ref>D.ii.167; Bu.xxviii.3</ref>


Pava was also a centre of [[Jainism]] and, at the time mentioned above, [[Mahavira]] had just died at Pava and his followers were divided by bitter wrangles.<ref>D.iii.210</ref> Cunda Samanuddesa was spending his [[Chaturmas|rainy season]] at Pava, and he reported to the Buddha, who was at Samagama, news of the [[Nirgrantha]]s’ quarrels.<ref>D.ii.117f; M.ii.243f</ref>
==Jain history==
Besides being a center of Buddhists, Pāvā was also a center of [[Jainism]]. The ''Pasādika Sutta'' ([[Dīgha Nikāya|DN]] 29) <ref>D.iii.210</ref> records the Buddha at Pāvā at the time [[Mahavira|the leader of the Jains]] attained ''parinirvana'': "Once the Lord was staying among the Sakyans (at Pāvā) ... in the mango-grove belonging to the Vedhanna family (the Samagama). At that time the Nigantha Nātaputta (or Mahāvīra, the leader of the Jains) had just died ... And at his death the Niganthas (Jains) were split into two parties ...".<ref>D.ii.117f; M.ii.243f</ref>


After the Buddha's death, the Mallas of Pava claimed a share in his relics. The [[Brahmin]] Dona satisfied their claim, and a [[Stupa]] was erected in Pava over their share of the relics.<ref>D.ii.167; Bu.xxviii.3</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of Monuments of National Importance in Patna circle, Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Pawapuri]]


==References==
==References==
Line 18: Line 27:


==External links==
==External links==
 
{{Portal|India}}
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
{{ppn|pa/pava.htm|Pava}}
{{ppn|pa/pava.htm|Pava}}
{{suttas|Pava|pasenadi|an/an10/an10.176.than.html Cunda Kammaraputta Sutta - To Cunda the Silversmith|dn/dn.16.1-6.vaji.html#chap4 Section of the Maha-parinibbana Sutta on Buddha's Last Meal}}
{{suttas|Pava|pasenadi|an/an10/an10.176.than.html Cunda Kammaraputta Sutta - To Cunda the Silversmith|dn/dn.16.1-6.vaji.html#chap4 Section of the Maha-parinibbana Sutta on Buddha's Last Meal}}


{{Buddhist sites in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Buddhism topics}}


Latest revision as of 16:11, 23 November 2025


This article is about the Buddhist site in Uttar Pradesh. For other uses, see Pava (disambiguation).
A stupa built at the place where Cunda's house used to be, in ancient Pava (present-day Fazilnagar)
Pilgrimage to
Buddha's
Holy Sites
The Four Main Sites
Four Additional Sites
Other Sites
Later Sites

Pāvā was an important city of the Malla tribe of ancient India at the time of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Kushinagar in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.[1]

Possible locations[edit | edit source]

The precise location of ancient Pāvā is not known with certainty. Likely candidates include:

  • an ancient site known as Fazilnagar ka kot (ASI SL.# N-UP-P25), located in present-day Fazilnagar, in Kushinagar district[1][2][3]
  • a large flat-topped mound of ruins known as Jharmatiya (ASI SL.# N-UP-P21), located in present-day Chetiaon, in Kushinagar district[4][5]

Buddhist history[edit | edit source]

When the Buddha reached his eightieth year, he felt that his time in this world was approaching an end. At that time, according to the Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (Sutta 16 of the Dīgha Nikāya), he and some of his disciples undertook a months-long journey that would take them from Rājagṛha, through Pāṭaliputta, Vesāli, Bhoganagara, and Pāvā, to their final destination at Kuśinagara.[6] It was at Pāvā that Cunda, a resident of Pāvā, invited the group to a meal that featured a food called sukaramaddava. This would prove to be the Buddha's last meal, as he was afflicted by a painful illness resembling dysentery soon after consuming the meal.[7] It was on this occasion that the Cunda Sutta (AN 6:46) was preached.[8] At that time, the Mallas had just completed their new meeting hall. Upon their invitation, the Buddha consecrated it by first occupying it and then preaching in it. After the Buddha had finished speaking, one of his leading disciples, Śāriputra, recited the Saṅgīti Sutta (DN 33) to the assembled monks. After the meal, the Buddha crossed the Kakkuttha River (now called the Khanua River) and completed his journey to Kushinagar.[9] Soon after his arrival in Kushinagar, the Buddha attained parinirvana. After the Buddha's cremation, the Mallas of Pāvā claimed a share in his relics. A Brahmin named Drona satisfied their claim, and a stupa was erected in Pāvā over their share of the relics.[10]

Jain history[edit | edit source]

Besides being a center of Buddhists, Pāvā was also a center of Jainism. The Pasādika Sutta (DN 29) [11] records the Buddha at Pāvā at the time the leader of the Jains attained parinirvana: "Once the Lord was staying among the Sakyans (at Pāvā) ... in the mango-grove belonging to the Vedhanna family (the Samagama). At that time the Nigantha Nātaputta (or Mahāvīra, the leader of the Jains) had just died ... And at his death the Niganthas (Jains) were split into two parties ...".[12]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Carlleyle, A. C. L. (1885). "Pāwā". Report of Tours in Gorakhpur, Saran and Ghazipur in 1877-78-79 and 80. Vol. 22. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 29–35.
  2. ↑ "List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Patna - Archaeological Survey of India". Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
  3. ↑ "Pava". Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  4. ↑ Chakrabarti, Dilip K. (2006). "Relating History to the Land: Urban Centers, Geographical Units, and Trade Routes in the Gangetic and Central India of circa 200 BCE". In Olivelle, Patrick (ed.). Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195305326.
  5. ↑ "The Buddha's Last Journey". Daily News.
  6. ↑ "Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (DN 16), translated from the Pali by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu". Dīgha Nikāya of the Pali Canon. dhammatalks.org. 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  7. ↑ "The Buddha's Last Meal". Life of the Buddha. Tullera, NSW, Australia: Buddha Dharma Education Association. 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  8. ↑ "Cunda Sutta (AN 6:46), translated from the Pali by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu". Abhidhamma Piṭaka of the Pali Canon. dhammatalks.org. 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  9. ↑ D.ii.126 ff.; Ud.viii.5; the road from Pāvā to Kushinagar is mentioned several times in the mss. Vin.ii.284; D.ii.162.
  10. ↑ D.ii.167; Bu.xxviii.3
  11. ↑ D.iii.210
  12. ↑ D.ii.117f; M.ii.243f

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Ppn Template:Suttas

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pāvā&oldid=447491"
Discover more