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{{Short description|Cymbal originated from the Indian subcontinent}} | |||
{{redirect-distinguish|Manjira|Manjira River|Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary}} | |||
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{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox instrument | {{Infobox instrument | ||
| name = Manjira | | name = ''Taal'' or ''Manjira'' | ||
| names = | | names = | ||
| image =Khuti taal.jpg | | image = Khuti taal.jpg | ||
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The '''taal''' | The '''''taal''''' or '''''manjira''''' (also spelled ''manjīrā'' or ''manjeera''), ''jalra'', ''karatala'', ''kartal'' or ''gini'' is a pair of [[clash cymbals]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.4to40.com/music/article.asp?p=Musical_Instruments_-_Solids&c=Musical_Instrument&sc=Solid_Instrument |title=Solid Instrument Article, Musical Instruments: Solids, Solid Instrument From New Delhi, Solid Instrument Musical Instrument, Popular Solid Instrument, New Delhi Based Solid Instrument |publisher=4to40.com |date=2007-03-14 |access-date=2013-02-28 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005643/http://www.4to40.com/music/article.asp?p=Musical_Instruments_-_Solids&c=Musical_Instrument&sc=Solid_Instrument |url-status=dead }}</ref> originating in the [[Indian subcontinent]], which make high-pitched percussion sounds. In its simplest form, it consists of a pair of small hand cymbals.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Caudhurī, Vimalakānta Rôya|year=2007|title=The Dictionary Of Hindustani Classical Music|location=Delhi, India|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhind00roya/page/173 173]|isbn=978-81-208-1708-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhind00roya/page/173}}, originally published in 2000</ref> The word taal comes from the Sanskrit word ''Tālà'', which literally means a clap. It is a part of Indian music and culture, used in various traditional customs e.g. [[Bihu]] music, Harinaam etc. It is a type of Ghana vadya. | ||
In Hindu religious contexts it is known as '' | In Hindu religious contexts it is known as ''karatala'' ({{IAST|karatāla}}; ''kara'' "hand", "arm" and ''tāla'' "rhythm", "beat"), typically used to accompany devotional music such as [[bhajan]] and [[kirtan]]. They are commonly used by [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] devotees when performing ''[[harinam]]'', but are ubiquitous to all Hindu devotional music. It is also called ''karatala'' or ''kartal'' (pronounced as “kartel”) in some contexts. | ||
==Types== | |||
[[File:Vur tal.jpg|thumb|Larger version of manjira, ''Taal'']] | [[File:Vur tal.jpg|thumb|Larger version of manjira, ''Taal'']] | ||
There are many types of Taal, categorised by size, weight and appearance. | There are many types of Taal, categorised by size, weight and appearance. | ||
* Bortaal | * Bortaal is the big size clash cymbal, Its weight approx. 1½−2 kg. The player who plays Bortaal is called in Assam as ''Gayan''. Bortaal is a symbol of Assamese traditional culture. Sometimes, the players perform dance-music with both e.g. in Gayan-Bayan, Bortaal Nritya etc. Sometimes the player perform with only music e.g. in Harinaam, Dihanaam etc. The rhythmic high-pitched sound of the Bortaal makes the surroundings pure and sacred. | ||
* Majutaal | * Majutaal is medium size clash cymbal, | ||
* Khutitaal or Xarutaal | * Khutitaal or Xarutaal is small size clash cymbal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enajori Instruments|url=http://enajori.com/culture/instruments/instruments1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701131637/http://enajori.com/culture/instruments/instruments1.html|archive-date=1 July 2011|access-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> It is also known as [[Manjira]] or [[Karatala]]. It is generally used in traditional, folk and classical music in India. It is also used in dance in [[Bharat Natyam]], [[Kuchipudi]] [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]] [[Mohiniattam]] [[Andhra Natyam]] [[Kathakali]] This Instrument has some other names e.g. thaaleaj (Kashmir), taalam, tala, jalra etc.{{cn|date=July 2025}} | ||
* Ramtaal or Khoritaal | * Ramtaal or Khoritaal are two wooden handled musical instruments, containing multiple pairs of small cymbals. It is generally known India as [[Karatalas|Khartal]]. | ||
==Nepal== | ==Nepal== | ||
:''See [[List of Nepali musical instruments#Cymbals|List of Nepali musical instruments]]'' | |||
[[File:Rai woman, Diktel, Nepal.jpg|thumb|250px|Woman with Jhyamta cymbals, Nepal.]] | [[File:Rai woman, Diktel, Nepal.jpg|thumb|250px|Woman with Jhyamta cymbals, Nepal.]] | ||
The instrument is played in Nepal as well, known as the Jhyamta (Nepali: झ्याम्टा) ( | The instrument is played in Nepal as well, known as the [[Jhyamta]] (Nepali: झ्याम्टा) (phonetic: Jhyāmṭā), a [[Nepal|Nepali]] traditional musical instrument. The [[Kirat]] community uses this with [[dhol]] (kirat)) in various cultural festivals such as [[Sakela]], [[Chyabrung]], Udhauli, Ubhauli and other social functions. | ||
==Tibet== | |||
In Tibetan culture, the ''[[tingsha]]'' is a very similar instrument. | |||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
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===Marathi and Gujrati folk music=== | ===Marathi and Gujrati folk music=== | ||
Manjiras have a significant importance in [[Gujarat]]i and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] folk music. In [[Maharashtra]] they are known as Taal | Manjiras have a significant importance in [[Gujarat]]i and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] folk music. In [[Maharashtra]] they are known as Taal. Initially Manjiras were played in [[aarti]]. In [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]], manjiras hold great importance and are played in [[bhajan]], [[santvani]] and [[dayro]]. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[ | * [[List of Indian musical instruments]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Cymbals}} | |||
{{ | |||
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]] | [[Category:Indian musical instruments]] | ||
[[Category:Musical instruments of Assam]] | [[Category:Musical instruments of Assam]] | ||
[[Category:Cymbals]] | [[Category:Cymbals]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Asian percussion instruments]] | ||
[[Category:Idiophones]] | [[Category:Idiophones]] | ||
[[Category:Meditation]] | [[Category:Meditation]] | ||
[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]] | [[Category:Carnatic music instruments]] | ||
[[Category:Nepalese musical instruments]] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:44, 4 November 2025
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The taal or manjira (also spelled manjīrā or manjeera), jalra, karatala, kartal or gini is a pair of clash cymbals,[1] originating in the Indian subcontinent, which make high-pitched percussion sounds. In its simplest form, it consists of a pair of small hand cymbals.[2] The word taal comes from the Sanskrit word Tālà, which literally means a clap. It is a part of Indian music and culture, used in various traditional customs e.g. Bihu music, Harinaam etc. It is a type of Ghana vadya.
In Hindu religious contexts it is known as karatala (karatāla; kara "hand", "arm" and tāla "rhythm", "beat"), typically used to accompany devotional music such as bhajan and kirtan. They are commonly used by Hare Krishna devotees when performing harinam, but are ubiquitous to all Hindu devotional music. It is also called karatala or kartal (pronounced as “kartel”) in some contexts.
Types[edit | edit source]
There are many types of Taal, categorised by size, weight and appearance.
- Bortaal is the big size clash cymbal, Its weight approx. 1½−2 kg. The player who plays Bortaal is called in Assam as Gayan. Bortaal is a symbol of Assamese traditional culture. Sometimes, the players perform dance-music with both e.g. in Gayan-Bayan, Bortaal Nritya etc. Sometimes the player perform with only music e.g. in Harinaam, Dihanaam etc. The rhythmic high-pitched sound of the Bortaal makes the surroundings pure and sacred.
- Majutaal is medium size clash cymbal,
- Khutitaal or Xarutaal is small size clash cymbal.[3] It is also known as Manjira or Karatala. It is generally used in traditional, folk and classical music in India. It is also used in dance in Bharat Natyam, Kuchipudi Manipuri Mohiniattam Andhra Natyam Kathakali This Instrument has some other names e.g. thaaleaj (Kashmir), taalam, tala, jalra etc.[citation needed]
- Ramtaal or Khoritaal are two wooden handled musical instruments, containing multiple pairs of small cymbals. It is generally known India as Khartal.
Nepal[edit | edit source]
The instrument is played in Nepal as well, known as the Jhyamta (Nepali: झ्याम्टा) (phonetic: Jhyāmṭā), a Nepali traditional musical instrument. The Kirat community uses this with dhol (kirat)) in various cultural festivals such as Sakela, Chyabrung, Udhauli, Ubhauli and other social functions.
Tibet[edit | edit source]
In Tibetan culture, the tingsha is a very similar instrument.
Uses[edit | edit source]
Manjiras are commonly played in folk and devotional music. They are played in various religious events and ceremonies in India and especially in bhajans. Manjiras are ancient musical instruments. Manjiras can be seen in many ancient temple pictures.
Marathi and Gujrati folk music[edit | edit source]
Manjiras have a significant importance in Gujarati and Marathi folk music. In Maharashtra they are known as Taal. Initially Manjiras were played in aarti. In Gujarat and Maharashtra, manjiras hold great importance and are played in bhajan, santvani and dayro.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Solid Instrument Article, Musical Instruments: Solids, Solid Instrument From New Delhi, Solid Instrument Musical Instrument, Popular Solid Instrument, New Delhi Based Solid Instrument". 4to40.com. 14 March 2007. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ↑ Caudhurī, Vimalakānta Rôya (2007). The Dictionary Of Hindustani Classical Music. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 173. ISBN 978-81-208-1708-1., originally published in 2000
- ↑ "Enajori Instruments". Archived from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.