Cricket in India: Difference between revisions

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| boxwidth = Star Cricketer of Indian Team

| title = Cricket in India

| image =  

| imagesize = 220px

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| union = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI)

| country = [[India]]

| sport = [[Cricket]]

| noncountry = <!-- other country this country represents -->

| teamlabel1 = <!-- overrides the "National team" label with custom label -->

| nationalteam = [[India national cricket team|Men]]<br />[[India women's national cricket team|Women]]<br />[[India national under-19 cricket team|U-19 Men]]<br />[[India women's national under-19 cricket team|U-19 Women]]

| teamlabel2 = <!-- overrides the "Representative team" label with customer label -->

| repteam = <!-- overrides the representative team link, requires full wikitext syntax -->

| nickname = <!-- nicknames -->

| first = 1721<ref>{{Cite book|last= Downing|first= Clement|title= A History of the Indian Wars|year= 1737|editor= William Foster|location= London}}</ref>

| registered = <!-- number of registered players -->

| clubs = 38 ([[First-class cricket|First class]])<br />12 ([[Indian Premier League|IPL]], [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|WPL]])

*[[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]]}}

| club_list = * [[Indian Premier League]]

*[[Women's Indian Premier League]]

| intl_list = {{collapsible list|

*[[Under-19 Cricket World Cup]]

*[[Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup]]

| match = 465,000 (Five-day Test)<br />India v. Pakistan at [[Eden Gardens]], Kolkata, 16–20 February 1999<ref>{{cite web |title=Largest attendance at a five-day Test match |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-attendance-at-a-five-day-test-match |website=Guinness World Records |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref>

| league = 1,592,543 (Total)<br />26,528 per match<br />[[2017 IPL]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.totalsportek.com/list/sports-league-with-highest-average-attendance/|title=Top 10 Sports Leagues With Highest Average Attendance|date=11 February 2016|access-date=12 July 2016}}</ref>{{Unreliable source|date=February 2023}}

| fan_org = <!-- fan organization -->

[[Cricket]] is one of the most popular sports in [[India]]. It is played almost everywhere in the country<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.synovate.com/news/article/2003/11/study-finds-india-sports-a-high-awareness-of-celebrity-brand-endorsements-and-sachin-is-number-one.html |title=Ipsos – Nobody's unpredictable |publisher=Synovate.com |access-date=2012-06-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414120435/http://www.synovate.com/news/article/2003/11/study-finds-india-sports-a-high-awareness-of-celebrity-brand-endorsements-and-sachin-is-number-one.html |archive-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2023}}. The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) is the governing body of Indian cricket and conduct all domestic tournaments and select the players for [[India national cricket team]] and [[India women's national cricket team]].  

Domestic competitions in India annually organized by BCCI include the [[Ranji Trophy]], the [[Duleep Trophy]], the [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]], the [[Deodhar Trophy]], the [[Irani Trophy]] and the [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy]]. The [[Indian Premier League]], a Twenty20 tournament where various city-based franchises compete in a style similar to [[American football]], is one of the biggest sporting leagues and the biggest cricketing league in the world. In 2023 it launched a similar league for females, the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] (WPL).  

 

 

 

Cricket is an important part of [[Culture of India|Indian culture]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Nair |first=Nisha |date=2011-06-01 |title=Cricket obsession in India: through the lens of identity theory |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2011.574351 |journal=Sport in Society |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=569–580 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2011.574351 |issn=1743-0437}}</ref> and top players, like [[Sachin Tendulkar]], [[Sourav Ganguly]], [[Virat Kohli]], [[MS Dhoni]] and [[Rohit Sharma]] often attain celebrity status and are some of the most influential figures in the country. Cricket is often portrayed patriotically in popular Indian films, including the Academy Award-nominated film, ''[[Lagaan]]'', and [[83 (film)|''83'']], the 2021 sports drama film about India's [[Cricket World Cup]] victory in 1983. The Indian cricket team [[India–Pakistan cricket rivalry|shares a long-standing rivalry]] with the [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistani cricket team]], and India-Pakistan matches are some of the most anticipated matches in the world, and one of the [[List of most watched television broadcasts|most watched television broadcasts]] in the world.

The British brought cricket to the [[Indian subcontinent]] in the early 1700s, with the first documented instance of cricket being played is in 1721. It was played and adopted by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] because they were sea [[Piracy|pirates]] and [[Outlaw|outlaws]] who used to loot the [[British Raj|British]] ships. [[East India Company]] tried to manage the [[Koli people|Kolis]] using cricket and were successful.<ref>{{Cite book|last= Downing|first= Clement|title= A History of the Indian Wars|year= 1978|page=189|oclc=5905776}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Drew|first=John|date=2021-12-06|title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376|access-date=2021-12-05|website=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Ranjitsinhji_c1900.jpg|thumb|[[Ranjitsinhji]] was regarded as one of the best batsmen of his time.|237x237px]]

The first ever match of first-class cricket played in India was in 1864 between Calcutta and Madras. Not many records exist from the match. The entire history of cricket in India and the sub-continent as a whole is based on the existence and development of the [[British Raj]] via the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]].

{{Main|History of cricket in India from 1918–19 to 1945}}

{{See also | Retrievers cricket team | Freelooters Cricket Team |Moin-ud-Dowlah Gold Cup Tournament}}

One team totally dominated Indian cricket in the 1960s. As part of 14 consecutive victories in the Ranji Trophy from 1958–59 to 1972–73, Bombay won the title in all ten seasons of the period under review. Among its players were [[Farokh Engineer]], [[Dilip Sardesai]], [[Bapu Nadkarni]], [[Ramakant Desai]], [[Baloo Gupte]], [[Ashok Mankad]] and [[Ajit Wadekar]]. In the 1961–1962 season, the [[Duleep Trophy]] was inaugurated as a zonal competition. It was named after Ranji's nephew, Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji (1905–59). With Bombay in its catchment, it is not surprising that the West Zone won six of the first nine titles.

During the 1970s, the Indian cricket team began to see success overseas beating New Zealand, and holding Australia, South Africa and England to a draw. The backbone of the team was the Indian spin quartet – [[Bishen Bedi]], [[E. A. S. Prasanna]], [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] and [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan]], giving rise to what would later be called the Golden Era of Indian cricket history. This decade also saw the emergence of two of India's best ever batsmen, Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Vishwanath responsible for the back-to-back series wins in 1971 in the West Indies and in England, under the captaincy of Ajit Wadekar.

In the late 1980s, continuous live coverage of overseas matches was broadcast by British networks. This was a major factor in shaping what was now becoming the modern game of cricket. Modern technology and the establishment of specialized television networks set a global interest for the sport. ESPN and Star Sports added cricket to part of the 24 hours of continuous live coverage that they were needed to produce. Global popularity increased among the Eastern world. Soon after a domestic league (the Indian Premier League) was established.

Several team names and spellings were altered during the 1990s when traditional Indian names were introduced to replace those that were associated with the British Raj. Most notably, Bombay became Mumbai and the venue of Calcutta became Kolkata, both where the main places where the British did all their business''.''

During the 1980s, India developed a more attack-focused batting line-up with talented batsmen such as [[Mohammad Azharuddin]], [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] and [[Ravi Shastri]] prominent during this decade. Despite India's victory in the Cricket World Cup in 1983, the team performed poorly in the Test arena, including 28 consecutive Test matches without a victory. However, India won the Asia Cup in 1984 and won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia in 1985. The 1987 Cricket World Cup was held in India.

 

From the 1993–94 season, the Duleep Trophy was converted from a knockout competition to a league format.

[[File:Sachin Tendulkar at MRF Promotion Event.jpg|thumb|[[Sachin Tendulkar]] is one of the greatest cricketers of all time. He is known as the 'God of Cricket'.|199x199px]]  

 

Sachin Tendulkar was one of the key members during 1989–2013 for Team India in multiple formats.

Since 2000, the Indian team underwent major improvements with the appointment of John Wright, India's first ever foreign coach. This appointment met success internationally as India maintained their unbeaten home record against Australia in Test series after defeating them in 2001 and won the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 in 2007. India was also the first sub-continental team to win at the WACA in January 2008 against Australia.

India's victory against the Australians in 2001 marked the beginning of a dream era for the team under the captainship of [[Sourav Ganguly]], winning Test matches in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies and England. India also shared a joint victory with Sri Lanka in the ICC Champions Trophy and went on to the finals in the 2003 Cricket World Cup only to be beaten by Australia.

India won the [[Cricket World Cup]] in 2011 under the captainship of Mahendra Singh Dhoni,<ref name="autogenerated6"/> the first time since 1983 (28 years) – they beat [[Sri Lanka]] in the final held in Mumbai's Wankhede Stadium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketworldcupinformation.com/2014/08/team-india-at-cricket-world-cup.html|title=Team India at T20 Cricket World Cup|website=www.cricketworldcupinformation.com|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022723/http://www.cricketworldcupinformation.com/2014/08/team-india-at-cricket-world-cup.html|archive-date=7 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

India played its 500th Test match against New Zealand led by [[Kane Williamson]] at Kanpur from 22 - 26 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of India vs New Zealand 1st Test 2016/17 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nz-tour-of-india-2016-17-1030193/india-vs-new-zealand-1st-test-1030213/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-08-10|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> India won this match by 197 runs. This test was played under the captaincy of [[Virat Kohli]].

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

==Organisation of cricket in modern India ==

{{Main|India national cricket team|India women's national cricket team}}

 

[[File:Mithali Raj Truro 2012.jpg|thumb|233x233px|[[Mithali Raj]] is the highest run-scorer in women's international cricket.<ref name="Raj-leading">{{cite web |title=Record-setting Raj top of the women's charts |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-world-cup-2017/content/story/1110610.html |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713013557/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-world-cup-2017/content/story/1110610.html |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Raj-6000">{{cite web |title=Mithali Raj becomes leading run-scorer in women's ODI cricket; surpasses England's Charlotte Edwards |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/mithali-raj-becomes-leading-run-scorer-in-womens-odi-cricket-surpasses-englands-charlotte-edwards-4747402/ |work=Indian Express |date=12 July 2017 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713204545/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/mithali-raj-becomes-leading-run-scorer-in-womens-odi-cricket-surpasses-englands-charlotte-edwards-4747402/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

International cricket in India generally does not follow a fixed pattern. For example, the English schedule under which the nation tours other countries during the winter and plays at home during the summer. Generally, there has recently been a tendency to play more [[one-day cricket|one-day matches]] than [[Test cricket|Test matches]]. Cricket in India is managed by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI), the richest cricket board in the cricket world.<ref>{{cite news|title=Complimentary passes restricted for Delhi Test|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-south-africa-2015-16/content/story/942807.html|access-date=12 December 2015|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 November 2015}}</ref> The Indian national cricket team has also provided some of the greatest players to the world, the biggest example of which is Sachin Tendulkar. Indian cricket has a rich history. The Indian national team is currently ranked No. 1 in Tests, No. 2 in ODIs and at 2nd position in T20Is. India won two World Championship cups in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and recently won in the year 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni, which was won after a span of 28 years. They also won the World Championship of Cricket in 1985.

* '''[[Ranji Trophy]]''' – It was founded as the 'Cricket Championship of India' at a meeting of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] in July 1934. The first Ranji Trophy fixtures took place in the 1934–35 season. Syed Mohammed Hadi of Hyderabad was the first batsman to score a century in the tournament. The Trophy was donated by H. H. Sir Bhupendra Singh Mahinder Baha-dur, Maharajah of Patiala in memory of his late Highness Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji of Nawanagar, affectionately called [[Ranjitsinhji]]. In the main, the Ranji Trophy is composed of teams representing the states that makeup India. The number of competing teams has increased over the years. Some states have more than one cricket team, e.g., Maharashtra and Gujarat. There are also teams for [[Railways cricket team|Railways]] and [[Services cricket team|Services]] representing the armed forces. The various teams used to be grouped into zones – North, West, East, Central and South – and the initial matches were played on a league basis within the zones. The top two teams until 1991–92 and then the top three teams in the subsequent years from each zone then played in a national knock-out competition. Starting with the 2002–03 season, the zonal system was abandoned and a two-division structure was adopted with two teams being promoted from the plate league and two relegated from the elite league. If the knockout matches are not finished, they are decided on the first-inning lead.

*'''[[Duleep Trophy]]''' – Named after [[Duleepsinhji]], the Duleep Trophy competition, which is a first-class competition, was started by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] in 1961–62 with the aim of providing a greater competitive edge in domestic cricket, because apart from the knock-out stages of the Ranji Trophy, that competition proved to be highly predictable, with Bombay winning the Ranji Trophy for fifteen consecutive years. The Duleep Trophy was also meant to help the selectors to assess the form of top cricketers playing against each other. The original format had five teams, which were drawn from the five zones (i.e. North, South, East, West and central) and played each other on a knock-out basis. From the 1993–94 season, the competition has been converted to a league format.

*'''[[Indian Premier League]]''' – In response to the rival [[Indian Cricket League|ICL]], the BCCI started the [[Twenty20]] competition known as the Indian Premier League (IPL), which is regarded as the brainchild of [[Lalit Modi]]. This League was launched by BCCI in 2007–08 and received widespread recognition from around the country. The players were selected via the auctions and drafted into the city-based franchises. The first IPL season was held from 18 April 2008 to 1 June 2008 where underdogs Rajasthan Royals, led by Shane Warne, won the first title at the DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai<ref name="cricketnext1">{{cite web|url=http://cricketnext.in.com/foxhistory/t20_history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407104821/http://cricketnext.in.com/foxhistory/t20_history.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-07 |title=T20 History: History of T20 Cricket |publisher=Cricketnext.in.com |access-date=2012-06-16}}</ref> Based on regional loyalties, the eight-team tournament brings a unique and popular team and player auction system hand-picking some of the best international players in the world and teaming them with Indian players, both domestic and international, in one arena. The total prize money for the IPL was $3 million.<ref name="cricketnext1"/> The IPL is one of the most-attended cricket leagues in the world and ranks sixth among all sports leagues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/slideshow/top-10-most-watched-sports-leagues-world|title=Top 10 most watched sports leagues in the world|date=2016-01-11|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-07}}</ref> The IPL has also Americanized cricket by adding [[Cheerleading|cheerleaders]] and creating a setting of non stop action similar to sporting events in the [[United States|USA]]. The IPL tournament consists of 10 different city based franchises.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 19, 2022 |author=Shankar Raghuraman |title=IPL Playoffs 2022: KKR knocked out, who will join GT and LSG in the final four? - All playoffs possibilities in 6 points |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2022-kkr-knocked-out-who-will-join-gt-in-the-final-four-all-playoffs-possibilities-in-6-points/articleshow/91653975.cms |access-date=2022-05-23 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

*'''[[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]''' – After India became another member of the ICC Twenty20 and played its first international T20 against South Africa, the BCCI launched its own state structure in 2006–07 season, with 27 Ranji teams divided in 5 Zones. The final was played between Punjab and Tamil Nadu, which the latter won by 2 wickets with 2 balls remaining, thereby becoming the only ever winner of this series. In this series, [[Rohit Sharma]] also became the only ever Indian to register a T20 century for Mumbai against Gujarat. The competition was later replaced by the franchise-based IPL. Played for the first time in the 2008–09 season, this is the first of its kind zonal T20 championship and the third overall in the Indian cricket season, which would see Ranji teams divided along zonal lines into two groups with the tournament culminating in the All India T20 final between the winners of the two groups for the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. It was launched after the success of the IPL and the need of the BCCI to search for more talent in the growing regions of cricket.

*'''[[Cooch Behar Trophy]]''' – An inter-state U-19 4-day matches tournament.

* '''[[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]]''' – Started in season 2006–07, it is the women's List-A cricket tournament. Railways women has been the most dominant team, winning 10 out of the 11 tournaments. It was played in round-robin format at zonal level and the top performing team then playing in the super league. The format was changed in season 2013–14, since then it is played in 2 tiers, with states being divided in 5 groups, 2 in elite group and 3 in plate group. Finalists in the plate group, at the end of season are promoted to the elite group and 2 bottom most performing teams in the elite group are relegated to the plate group.

* '''[[Women's Senior T20 Trophy]]''' – It is a [[Women's cricket|women's]] [[Twenty20]] competition. It is played between full members of BCCI. The inaugural tournament was held in the 2008–09 season. Since then it has taken place every year with 2015–16 being the 8th edition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/IND.html|title = The Home of CricketArchive}}</ref>

* [[T20 Mumbai League]]  

* [[Maharashtra Premier League]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maharashtracricketassociation.com|website=Maharashtra cricket association}}</ref>

* [[Rajwada Cricket League]]  

 

== Facilities ==

{{Further information|List of cricket grounds in India}}

India has a plethora of international standards Cricket stadiums. The world's largest stadium, [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], is located in India. [[Eden Gardens]] of Kolkata, the 3rd largest cricket stadium in the world, is situated in [[West Bengal]]. The domestic cricket governing bodies such as the Mumbai Cricket Association and the Maharashtra Cricket Association control cricket related activities and sanctioned tournaments in their respective regions. Each of a domestic cricket board that administrator cricket in that state. Also, regions, cities and [[Union territory|Union Territories]] (UT) such as [[Vidarbha region|Vidharbha]], Saurashtra and (former [[Princely state]]) Vadodara, Hyderabad and UT [[Pondicherry]], [[Chandigarh]] respectively have cricket boards. The domestic boards are affiliated to BCCI, while district cricket boards in the country are affiliated to state boards. The country has lots of private cricket academies and clubs. The world's 3rd largest cricket [[Rajasthan Cricket Association stadium|arena]] being built in Jaipur.{{cn|date=May 2022}} [[MRF Pace Foundation]] provide facilities to fast ballers.

 

Cricket is portrayed in Indian popular culture as an extremely important part of India's national identity.<ref name=":3" /> It is frequently associated with a strong sense of patriotism and nationalism.<ref name=":3" />

 

Cricket has been portrayed many times in various [[Cinema of India|Indian films]]. One such popular film is ''[[83 (film)|83]]'', a film produced by Reliance Entertainment and directed by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]. It stars actor [[Ranveer Singh]] as India national team captain [[Kapil Dev]], known as one of India's greatest bowlers in cricketing history. The film is of the historical genre of Indian films and covers the Indian national team's underdog victory in the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]]. ''[[83 (film)|83]]'' was received well by audiences and critics alike, scoring 80% on Rotten Tomatoes<ref>{{Cite web |title=83 - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/83 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> and 7.5 on IMDb.<ref name=":03">{{Citation |title='83 (2021) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt7518786/reviews |access-date=2023-05-13}}</ref> {{unreliable source|date=October 2023}} Many reviews appreciated the film's emphasis on national pride and dramatic storytelling of India's famous victory in 1983, although some criticized the film for unnecessarily over-dramatizing parts of the story.<ref name=":03" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Verma |first=Amit |last2=Sharma |first2=Abhishika |last3=Srivastava |first3=Amitabh |date=2023-01-02 |title=Making Indian cricket history: review of the film 83 (2021) |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2022.2099637 |journal=Media Asia |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=141–144 |doi=10.1080/01296612.2022.2099637 |issn=0129-6612}}</ref>

 

Indian national cricket players are viewed as some of the highest-profile celebrities in India, especially [[Sachin Tendulkar]], who some attribute god-like status to.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Nalapat |first=Abilash |last2=Parker |first2=Andrew |date=December 2005 |title=Sport, Celebrity and Popular Culture: Sachin Tendulkar, Cricket and Indian Nationalisms |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1012690205065750 |journal=International Review for the Sociology of Sport |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=433–446 |doi=10.1177/1012690205065750 |issn=1012-6902}}</ref> Towards the end of his sporting career, Tendulkar began to pursue a political career, being sworn in as an MP to [[Rajya Sabha]], India's upper house of Parliament in 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sachin Tendulkar sworn in as MP |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/413892/amp |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> one year before retiring officially in 2013. While Tendulkar has not officially associated himself with any political party, various literature have claimed that he started to become a Hindu-centric role model after the turn of the 21st century during his cricketing career,<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kavoori |first=Anandam |title=Cricket, Media and the Nation: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Three Mediated Moments in Indian Cricket |url=https://amityuniversity.ae/gmj-ae/journals/2021/1%20Anandam%20Kavoori.pdf |journal=Global Media Journal - Arabian Edition |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=1-14 |via=Amity University Dubai}}</ref> promoting similar messages as the BJP, India's political party that is associated strongly with Hindu nationalism.

*Indian cricketers association, union of retired players

*[[Lists of cricket records|List of cricket records]]

*[[List of India Test cricketers]]

*[[List of India ODI cricketers]]

{{Reflist}}

*{{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Boria |author-link=Boria Majumdar |title=Eleven Gods and a Billion Indians: The On and Off the Field Story of Cricket in India and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Simon & Schuster India |location=Noida |isbn=9789386797186}}