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''' | '''Palkurike Somanatha''' was a poet in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and [[Sanskrit]] languages and penned several classics in those languages.<ref name="multi"/> He was a Aradhya Brahmin a follower of the 12th century social reformer [[Basavanna]] and his writings were primarily intended to propagate this faith.<ref name="multi">Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133</ref> He was a well acclaimed [[Shaivism|Shaiva poet]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-13/hyderabad/28685273_1_telangana-region-statues-t-region | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105013056/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-13/hyderabad/28685273_1_telangana-region-statues-t-region | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 November 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=T votaries cry foul over 'neglect' of T contribution to Telugu pride | date=13 March 2011}}</ref> The trio of [[Nanne Choda]], [[Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu|Mallikarjuna Panditaradhya]] and Palkuriki Somanatha are referred as '''{{transliteration|kn|ISO|Śivakavitrayam}}''' (i.e. Trio of Saivite Poets). These trio along with Piduparthi poets and Yathavakkula Annamayya pioneered [[Veerashaivism|Veera Saiva]] movement in Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYhkAAAAMAAJ|title= Major Genres and Trends in Dravidian Literature|publisher= Dravidian University|year=2003|language=English|editor-last1=R.|editor-first1=Sri Hari|page=49}}</ref> | ||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
Indication that he was not a Shaiva by birth comes from the fact that he mentions the names of his parents in his very first work, ''[[Basava Purana]]'', as Visnuramideva and Sriyadevi,<ref name=MohanLal>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot Edited by Mohan Lal, Sahitya Akademi, 1992 p. 4133</ref> violating a general practice of Shaiva writers who do not mention their real parents but rather consider the god Shiva as the father and his consort [[Parvati]] as the mother.<ref name="multi"/> However, the scholar Bandaru Tammayya has argued that he was born a ''Jangama'' (devotee of the god Shiva).<ref name="tamma">Bandaru Tammayya in Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133</ref> The scholar Seshayya places him in the late 13th to early 14th century and proposes that the writer lived during the reign of [[Kakatiya]] king Prataparudra II, whereas the Kannada scholar R. Narasimhacharya dates his writings to the 12th century and claims Somanatha was patronised by Kakatiya king Prataparudra I (1140–1196).<ref name="life">Seshayya in Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133</ref><ref name="date">Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 20, p. 68</ref> His place of birth is uncertain because there is a village by the name Palkuriki in the Warangal district of the [[Telangana]] state as well as in the Kannada speaking region ([[Karnataka]]).<ref name="multi"/><ref name="region">Shastri (1955), p. 362</ref> | Indication that he was not a Shaiva by birth comes from the fact that he mentions the names of his parents in his very first work, ''[[Basava Purana]]'', as Visnuramideva and Sriyadevi,<ref name=MohanLal>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot Edited by Mohan Lal, Sahitya Akademi, 1992 p. 4133</ref> violating a general practice of Shaiva writers who do not mention their real parents but rather consider the god Shiva as the father and his consort [[Parvati]] as the mother.<ref name="multi"/> However, the scholar Bandaru Tammayya has argued that he was born a ''Jangama'' (devotee of the god Shiva).<ref name="tamma">Bandaru Tammayya in Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133</ref> The scholar Seshayya places him in the late 13th to early 14th century and proposes that the writer lived during the reign of [[Kakatiya]] king Prataparudra II, whereas the Kannada scholar R. Narasimhacharya dates his writings to the 12th century and claims Somanatha was patronised by Kakatiya king Prataparudra I (1140–1196).<ref name="life">Seshayya in Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133</ref><ref name="date">Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 20, p. 68</ref> His place of birth is uncertain because there is a village by the name Palkuriki in the Warangal district of the [[Telangana]] state as well as in the Kannada speaking region ([[Karnataka]]).<ref name="multi"/><ref name="region">Shastri (1955), p. 362</ref> He spent his last days in Karnataka in a village called [[Kalya (Kalyana pura)|Kalya]] located in Magadi Taluk of Ramanagara district in Karnataka, the story goes that Palkuriki Somanatha upon wanting to see the devout nun Sarvashile Chennamma who was residing in Kalya, came to the village and upon the latter's request stayed back in the same village until his death, his ''gaddige'' (tomb) is located in the village and is worshipped by the devout to this day, this information is recorded in the biography of Palkuriki Somanatha published by the [[Sahitya Akademi|Sahitya Akamdemi.]] | ||
==Writings== | ==Writings== | ||
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;Kannada language | ;Kannada language | ||
His contributions to [[Kannada literature]] are, the ''Basavaragada'', ''Basavadhyaragada'', ''Sadgururagada'', ''Silasampadane'', ''Sahasragananama'', ''Pancharantna''. Several ''[[Vachana]]'' and ''ragale'' poems are also his contributions to Kannada literature. Somanatha's Telugu ''Basavapurana'' was the inspiration for [[Vijayanagara | His contributions to [[Kannada literature]] are, the ''Basavaragada'', ''Basavadhyaragada'', ''Sadgururagada'', ''Silasampadane'', ''Sahasragananama'', ''Pancharantna''. Several ''[[Vachana]]'' and ''ragale'' poems are also his contributions to Kannada literature. Somanatha's Telugu ''Basavapurana'' was the inspiration for [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] poet Bhimakavi (c. 1369) who wrote a Kannada book by the same name. Somanatha was the protagonist of a 16th-century Kannada ''[[purana]]'' ("epic religious text") written by the Vijayanagara poet Tontadarya.<ref name="ragele">Shastri (1955), p. 362; Shatiya Akademi (1992), p. 4133</ref> | ||
;Sanskrit language | ;Sanskrit language | ||
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*{{cite book |last=Sastri|first= Nilakanta K. A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}} | *{{cite book |last=Sastri|first= Nilakanta K. A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}} | ||
*{{cite book |last= Narasimhacharya|first= R|title= History of Kannada Literature|url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.489059|orig-year=1988|year=1988|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi, Madras|isbn=81-206-0303-6}} | *{{cite book |last= Narasimhacharya|first= R|title= History of Kannada Literature|url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.489059|orig-year=1988|year=1988|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi, Madras|isbn=81-206-0303-6}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
[ | [https://www.palkuriki.blogspot.com/ Web page on Palkuriki Somanatha] | ||
{{Lingayatism topics}} | {{Lingayatism topics}} | ||
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[[Category:Sanskrit poets]] | [[Category:Sanskrit poets]] | ||
[[Category:Lingayatism]] | [[Category:Lingayatism]] | ||
[[Category:Indian Shaivites]] | [[Category:Indian Shaivites]] | ||
[[Category:Year of death unknown]] | [[Category:Year of death unknown]] | ||
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[[Category:13th-century Indian poets]] | [[Category:13th-century Indian poets]] | ||
[[Category:Lingayat saints]] | [[Category:Lingayat saints]] | ||
https://en. | https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Madivala_Machideva | ||
[[Category:Lingayat poets]] | [[Category:Lingayat poets]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:41, 28 February 2026
Palkurike Somanatha was a poet in Telugu, Kannada and Sanskrit languages and penned several classics in those languages.[1] He was a Aradhya Brahmin a follower of the 12th century social reformer Basavanna and his writings were primarily intended to propagate this faith.[1] He was a well acclaimed Shaiva poet.[2] The trio of Nanne Choda, Mallikarjuna Panditaradhya and Palkuriki Somanatha are referred as Śivakavitrayam (i.e. Trio of Saivite Poets). These trio along with Piduparthi poets and Yathavakkula Annamayya pioneered Veera Saiva movement in Andhra region.[3]
Life[edit | edit source]
Indication that he was not a Shaiva by birth comes from the fact that he mentions the names of his parents in his very first work, Basava Purana, as Visnuramideva and Sriyadevi,[4] violating a general practice of Shaiva writers who do not mention their real parents but rather consider the god Shiva as the father and his consort Parvati as the mother.[1] However, the scholar Bandaru Tammayya has argued that he was born a Jangama (devotee of the god Shiva).[5] The scholar Seshayya places him in the late 13th to early 14th century and proposes that the writer lived during the reign of Kakatiya king Prataparudra II, whereas the Kannada scholar R. Narasimhacharya dates his writings to the 12th century and claims Somanatha was patronised by Kakatiya king Prataparudra I (1140–1196).[6][7] His place of birth is uncertain because there is a village by the name Palkuriki in the Warangal district of the Telangana state as well as in the Kannada speaking region (Karnataka).[1][8] He spent his last days in Karnataka in a village called Kalya located in Magadi Taluk of Ramanagara district in Karnataka, the story goes that Palkuriki Somanatha upon wanting to see the devout nun Sarvashile Chennamma who was residing in Kalya, came to the village and upon the latter's request stayed back in the same village until his death, his gaddige (tomb) is located in the village and is worshipped by the devout to this day, this information is recorded in the biography of Palkuriki Somanatha published by the Sahitya Akamdemi.
Writings[edit | edit source]
- Telugu language
Important among his Telugu language writings are the Basava Purana, Panditaradhya charitra, Malamadevipuranamu and Somanatha Stava–in dwipada metre ("couplets"); Anubhavasara, Chennamallu Sisamalu, Vrushadhipa Saataka and Cheturvedasara–in verses; Basavodharana in verses and ragale metre (rhymed couplets in blank verse); and the Basavaragada.[9]
- Kannada language
His contributions to Kannada literature are, the Basavaragada, Basavadhyaragada, Sadgururagada, Silasampadane, Sahasragananama, Pancharantna. Several Vachana and ragale poems are also his contributions to Kannada literature. Somanatha's Telugu Basavapurana was the inspiration for Vijayanagara poet Bhimakavi (c. 1369) who wrote a Kannada book by the same name. Somanatha was the protagonist of a 16th-century Kannada purana ("epic religious text") written by the Vijayanagara poet Tontadarya.[10]
- Sanskrit language
Important among his Sanskrit language writings are the Somanathabhashya, Rudrabhashya, Vrushabhastaka, Basavodharana, Basavashtaka, Basava panchaka, Ashtottara satanama gadya, Panchaprakara gadya and Asharanka gadya.[9]
Works in translation[edit | edit source]
- Siva's Warriors: The Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha, Tr. by Velcheru Narayana Rao. Princeton Univ Press, 1990. ISBN 0691055912.
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133
- ↑ "T votaries cry foul over 'neglect' of T contribution to Telugu pride". The Times of India. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012.
- ↑ R., Sri Hari, ed. (2003). Major Genres and Trends in Dravidian Literature. Dravidian University. p. 49.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot Edited by Mohan Lal, Sahitya Akademi, 1992 p. 4133
- ↑ Bandaru Tammayya in Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133
- ↑ Seshayya in Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4133
- ↑ Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 20, p. 68
- ↑ Shastri (1955), p. 362
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shatiya Akademi (1992), p. 4133
- ↑ Shastri (1955), p. 362; Shatiya Akademi (1992), p. 4133
References[edit | edit source]
- Various (1992) [1992]. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 5. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 81-260-1221-8.
- Sastri, Nilakanta K. A. (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-560686-8.
- Narasimhacharya, R (1988) [1988]. History of Kannada Literature. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0303-6.
See also[edit | edit source]
Web page on Palkuriki Somanatha
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