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{{short description|One of the two major groupings of Brahmins}} | {{short description|One of the two major groupings of Brahmins}} | ||
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'''Pancha Gauda''' is one of the two major groupings of [[Brahmin]]s in Hinduism, of which the other is [[Pancha-Dravida]]. | '''Pancha Gauda''' is one of the two major groupings of [[Brahmin]]s in Hinduism, of which the other is [[Pancha-Dravida]]. | ||
== In ''Rajatarangini'' == | == In ''Rajatarangini'' == | ||
According to [[Kalhana]]'s ''[[Rajatarangini]]'' (c. 12th century CE), the Pancha Gauda group includes the following five Brahmin communities, which according to the text, reside to the north of the [[Vindhyas]]:<ref name="JGL_2002">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch |url-access=registration |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |author=James G. Lochtefeld |publisher=Rosen |year=2002 |isbn=9780823931804 |page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/491 491] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXyWE6KbG8oC&pg=PA168 |title=Caste in Life: Experiencing Inequalities |editor=D. Shyam Babu and [[R. S. Khare|Ravindra S. Khare]] |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2011 |isbn=9788131754399 |page=168}} | According to [[Kalhana]]'s ''[[Rajatarangini]]'' (c. 12th century CE), the Pancha Gauda group includes the following five Brahmin communities, which according to the text, reside to the north of the [[Vindhya Range|Vindhyas]] in west-central India:<ref name="JGL_2002">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch |url-access=registration |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |author=James G. Lochtefeld |publisher=Rosen |year=2002 |isbn=9780823931804 |page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/491 491] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXyWE6KbG8oC&pg=PA168 |title=Caste in Life: Experiencing Inequalities |editor=D. Shyam Babu and [[R. S. Khare|Ravindra S. Khare]] |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2011 |isbn=9788131754399 |page=168}}</ref> | ||
* [[Saraswat Brahmins| | * [[Saraswat Brahmins|Sarasvata]] | ||
* [[Kanyakubja Brahmins|Kanyakubja]] | * [[Kanyakubja Brahmins|Kanyakubja]] | ||
* [[Gauda Brahmins|Gauda]] | * [[Gauda Brahmins|Gauda]] | ||
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* [[Maithil Brahmins|Maithila]] | * [[Maithil Brahmins|Maithila]] | ||
The [[Sahyadrikhanda]], considered a part of the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', also mentions the | == In the ''Sahyadri-khanda'' == | ||
Ā | |||
The ''[[Sahyadrikhanda|Sahyadri-khanda]]'', considered a part of the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', also mentions the same classification as the ''Rajatarangini''.<ref>{{cite book |author=J. Gerson da Cunha |author-link=JosƩ Gerson da Cunha |title=Sahyadri-Khanda |year=1877 |publisher=Thacker, Viring & Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/Sahyadri-Khanda/page/n5/mode/2up }}; Marathi version edited by Gajanan shastri Gaytonde, published by Shree Katyani Publication, Mumbai</ref> For example, fragments of the ''Sahyadri-khanda'', featured in [[Hemadri]]'s ''Chatur-varga-chintamani'' (13th century), quote [[Shiva]] to provide this classification. The text identifies its heroes, the [[Shenvi]]s, as Sarasvatas. In the text, Shiva also provides an alternative classification of Pancha Gaudas, stating that the ancient sages made these divisions:<ref name="ROH_2013">{{cite journal |author=Rosalind O'Hanlon |title=Performance in a World of Paper: Puranic Histories and Social communication in Early Modern India |year=2013 |journal=Past and Present |issue=219 |publisher=Oxford University Press / The Past and Present Society |jstor=24543602 |page=104 }}</ref> | |||
Ā | |||
* Trihotras | |||
* Agnivaisyas | |||
* Kanyakubjas | |||
* Kanojyas | |||
* Maitrayanas | |||
== In the ''kaifiyat''s == | == In the ''kaifiyat''s == | ||
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* [[Utkala Brahmin]]s | * [[Utkala Brahmin]]s | ||
* [[Maithil Brahmin]]s | * [[Maithil Brahmin]]s | ||
* [[ | * [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara Brahmins]] | ||
According to the ''kaifiyat''s, the Pancha Gaudas could be either [[Smarta]], [[Vaishnavas]] or [[Bhagavata|Bhagavats]].<ref name="KNC_1994"/> | According to the ''kaifiyat''s, the Pancha Gaudas could be either [[Smarta]], [[Vaishnavas]] or [[Bhagavata|Bhagavats]].<ref name="KNC_1994"/> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | |||
* [[Pratyush Kumar]], Homo Connubialis Brahmanicus: Marriage Relations Among Brahmins, Baden-Baden: Nomos (Ergon), Germany, 2025, ISBNĀ 978-3-98740-189-3 (Print). | |||
[[Category:Brahmin communities]] | [[Category:Brahmin communities]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:42, 25 September 2025
Pancha Gauda is one of the two major groupings of Brahmins in Hinduism, of which the other is Pancha-Dravida.
In Rajatarangini[edit | edit source]
According to Kalhana's Rajatarangini (c. 12th century CE), the Pancha Gauda group includes the following five Brahmin communities, which according to the text, reside to the north of the Vindhyas in west-central India:[1][2]
In the Sahyadri-khanda[edit | edit source]
The Sahyadri-khanda, considered a part of the Skanda Purana, also mentions the same classification as the Rajatarangini.[3] For example, fragments of the Sahyadri-khanda, featured in Hemadri's Chatur-varga-chintamani (13th century), quote Shiva to provide this classification. The text identifies its heroes, the Shenvis, as Sarasvatas. In the text, Shiva also provides an alternative classification of Pancha Gaudas, stating that the ancient sages made these divisions:[4]
- Trihotras
- Agnivaisyas
- Kanyakubjas
- Kanojyas
- Maitrayanas
In the kaifiyats[edit | edit source]
The Maratha-era kaifiyats (bureaucratic records) of Deccan, which give an account of the society in the southern Maratha country, mention the following Brahmin communities as Pancha-Gaudas[5]
According to the kaifiyats, the Pancha Gaudas could be either Smarta, Vaishnavas or Bhagavats.[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ā James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. Rosen. p. 491. ISBN 9780823931804.
- ā D. Shyam Babu and Ravindra S. Khare, ed. (2011). Caste in Life: Experiencing Inequalities. Pearson Education India. p. 168. ISBN 9788131754399.
- ā J. Gerson da Cunha (1877). Sahyadri-Khanda. Thacker, Viring & Co.; Marathi version edited by Gajanan shastri Gaytonde, published by Shree Katyani Publication, Mumbai
- ā Rosalind O'Hanlon (2013). "Performance in a World of Paper: Puranic Histories and Social communication in Early Modern India". Past and Present (219). Oxford University Press / The Past and Present Society: 104. JSTOR 24543602.
- ā 5.0 5.1 Krishnaji Nageshrao Chitnis (1994). Glimpses of Maratha Socio-economic History. Atlantic. pp. 95ā96. ISBN 978-81-7156-347-0.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Pratyush Kumar, Homo Connubialis Brahmanicus: Marriage Relations Among Brahmins, Baden-Baden: Nomos (Ergon), Germany, 2025, ISBN 978-3-98740-189-3 (Print).
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