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{{Short description|Freedom Fighter also known as KranthiVeera}}
{{Short description|Indian military leader (1798–1831)}}
{{for|the films|Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna}}
{{for|the films|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna (1967 film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name              = Rayanna
| name              = Sangolli Rayanna
| title              = Krantiveera
|image=Sangolli Rayanna Bengaluru.jpg
| image             = Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna 1.jpg
| birth_date        = 15 August 1798
| alt                = Statue of Sangolli Rayanna at Bengaluru Karnataka
| birth_place        = [[Sangolli]], [[Belagavi]][Karnataka]
| birth_name        = Rayanna
| death_date        = 26 January 1831 (aged 33)
| birth_date        =  
| death_place        = [[Zunjawad K. Nandagad|Nandagad]], Belagavi [Karnataka]
| birth_place        = [[Sangolli]],TQ: Bailhongal (Sampagavi) Dist: [[Belgaum]]
| burial_place      = Nandagad, Belagavi
| death_date        =  
| death_place        = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum]]
| burial_place      = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum]]
| nationality        = Indian
| other_names        = Rayanna Bharamappa Rogannavar
| other_names        = Rayanna Bharamappa Rogannavar
| occupation        = Kittur Military Shetsanadi
| occupation        = Military commander
}}
}}


'''Sangolli Rayanna''' was born on 15 August 1798<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Celebrating-the-life-and-times-of-Sangolli-Rayanna/article17089626.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 January 2017 }}</ref> was a nineteenth century Indian revolutionary, military chief (''Shetsanadi)'' and warrior in the [[Kittur]] princely state in the present day Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. He was the ''Shetsanadi'' of the Kingdom of Kittur ruled at the time by [[Kittur Chennamma|Rani Channamma]] and fought the [[British East India Company]] till his death. He died on 26 January 1831,<ref name="The Hindu"/> at the age of 33. He belonged to the [[Kuruba Gowda]] community.<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016 }}</ref> His life was the subject of the 2012 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Sangolli Rayanna]].
'''Sangolli Rayanna''' (15 August 1798 – 26 January 1831) was an Indian military leader. Born in [[Sangolli]], [[Belagavi]] district. His father was Bharamappa Rogannavar. His mother was Kenchava. He served as a senior commander in the military of [[Kittur]] ruled by [[Kittur Chennamma]], the kingdom - like many others - called by the British as a [[princely state]], during the early 19th century. After Chennamma led a failed rebellion against the British [[East India Company]] (EIC) in response to the EIC's infamous [[Doctrine of Lapse]] in 1824, Rayanna continued to resist [[Company rule in India]]. After leading another uprising against EIC authority, he was ultimately captured by the British and executed by [[hanging]] in 1831. As he played a very important role in Indian Freedom, his memorial statue was built in the village of Sangolli, Belagavi. Rayanna's life was the subject of the [[Kannada]]-language films ''[[Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna (1967 film)|Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna]]'' (1967) and ''[[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna]]'' (2012).<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Celebrating-the-life-and-times-of-Sangolli-Rayanna/article17089626.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016 }}</ref>


== Activities ==
== Early life ==
[[File:Sangolli Rayanna.jpg|thumb|The tree where Rayanna was hanged by the British]]


Sangolli Rayanna participated in the 1824 rebellion and was arrested by the British, who released him later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna and the rise of caste heroes|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> He continued to fight the [[British India|British]] and wanted to install the adopted son of King Mallasarja and Rani Chennamma, namely Shivalingappa as the ruler of Kittur.<ref name="congress">{{cite book|editor-last=Gopalakrishnan|editor-first=Subramanian|title=The South Indian rebellions: before and after 1800|year=2007|publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|location=Chennai|isbn=9788183795005|pages=103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i81mLhBEBgQC&pg=PA103 |edition=1st|author1=Gopalakrishnan}}</ref> He mobilised local people and started a guerilla type war against the British.<ref name="congress" /> He and his guerrilla army moved from place to place, burnt government offices, waylaid British troops and plundered treasuries.<ref name="congress" /> Most of his land was confiscated and what remained of it was heavily taxed. He taxed the landlords and built up an army from the masses.  The British troops could not defeat him in open battle. Hence, by treachery, he was caught in April 1830 and tied up by the British; and sentenced to death.<ref name="congress" /> Shivalingappa, the boy who was supposed to be the new ruler, was also arrested by the British.<ref name="congress" />
Sangolli Rayanna was born on 15 August 1798 in [[Sangolli]], [[Belgavi]] district. At some point in his life, he enlisted in the [[military]] of the Kingdom of [[Kittur]], rising to the position of a senior commander. In 1824, [[Kittur Chennamma]], the ruler of Kittur, rose in rebellion against [[Company rule in India]] in response to the British [[East India Company]]'s (EIC) [[Doctrine of Lapse]]. Rayanna fought in the rebellion and was arrested by the British forces, who eventually released him.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna and the rise of caste heroes  
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016}}</ref>


Rayanna was executed by hanging from a Banyan tree near Nandagad,<ref name=herald>{{cite news|last=R P|first=Sambasadashiva Reddy|title=Miscellany|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|access-date=5 November 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald, Bangalore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215656/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref> on 26 January 1831 at the age of 33.<ref name="The Hindu"/>
== Freedom Fight and death ==


Rayanna was helped by Gajaveera, a [[Siddi]] warrior, in his revolt against the British in 1829–30.<ref name=shanti>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Shanti Sadiq|title=The African dispersal in the Deccan : from medieval to modern times|year=1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788125004851|pages=232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA232 }}</ref>
Incensed by the East India Company's confiscation of the majority of his lands (as punishment for participating in the 1824 rebellion) and heavy taxation of the remainder, Rayanna continued to oppose British domination in the region, planning to install Shivalingappa, the son of Chennamma, as the new ruler of Kittur. Lacking the resources to raise a [[regular army]], he recruited men from among the local peasantry, who were similarly incensed by the EIC, and started an [[insurgency]] against the British in 1829. His insurgents targeted EIC administrative buildings, British forces and local treasuries, all the while constantly remaining on the move so as to avoid being attacked by a larger enemy force. Rayanna used taxes gained from local landlords and the loot gained from plundering treasuries to fund his insurgency. He was assisted by [[Siddi]] leader Gajaveera during his insurgency.<ref name=shanti>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Shanti Sadiq|title=The African dispersal in the Deccan : from medieval to modern times|year=1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788125004851|pages=232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA232 }}</ref>


Rayanna was buried near Nandagad. Legend says that a close associate Sangolli Bichugatti Channabasappa of Rayanna planted a banyan sapling on his grave. The tree is fully grown and stands to this day. An Ashoka Stambha was installed near the tree. A small temple in the name of Sangolli Rayanna was constructed at Sangolli village, in which stands a statue of Rayanna flanked by two wooden weights used for body building. Two wooden weights are original, those were used by Rayanna himself for body building. A community hall built in commemoration of Rayanna at Sangolli serves the villagers of Sangolli.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} Karnataka Government recently established Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna authority its work progress of Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Sainik school, "Shouryabhoomi" Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna rock garden and in "Veerabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna museum.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pramoda |title=ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗದ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/belagavi/the-incomplete-sangolli-rayanna-authority/articleshow/65325923.cms |access-date=28 August 2020 |publisher=Vijaya Karnataka |date=9 August 2018}}</ref>
In April 1830, Rayanna was captured alongside Shivalingappa by the British, who tried him in a court of law and sentenced him to death.<ref name="congress">{{cite book|editor-last=Gopalakrishnan|editor-first=Subramanian|title=The South Indian rebellions: before and after 1800|year=2007|publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|location=Chennai|isbn=9788183795005|pages=103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i81mLhBEBgQC&pg=PA103 |edition=1st|author1=Gopalakrishnan}}</ref> On 26 January 1831, at the age of thirty-three, he was executed by hanging by the British authorities from a [[banyan]] tree near the village of [[Zunjawad K. Nandagad|Nandagad]].<ref name=herald>{{cite news|last=R P|first=Sambasadashiva Reddy|title=Miscellany|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|access-date=5 November 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald, Bangalore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215656/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu"/> After his death, he was buried near [[Zunjawad K. Nandagad|Nandagad]]. A close associate of Rayanna, Sangolli Bichugatti Channabasappa, planted a banyan sapling on his grave, which remains there to this day; a [[stambha]] was also installed near his grave. The [[Government of Karnataka]] has named a school, a rock garden, a museum and the major Railway Station at Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru, after Rayanna.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pramoda |title=ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗದ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/belagavi/the-incomplete-sangolli-rayanna-authority/articleshow/65325923.cms |access-date=28 August 2020 |publisher=Vijaya Karnataka |date=9 August 2018}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==Legacy==
[[File:Sangolli Rayanna.jpg|thumb|Place where Sangolli Rayanna was hanged by the British army]]


===Ballads and other memorials===
* Gee Gee songs ([[Ballads]]) are heroic folklore verses composed in North Karnataka<ref name="gee gee song">{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=We've come for your vote...|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412044913/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2009|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 April 2008}}</ref>' Several such songs are sung about Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and other freedom fighters of pre-independence Karnataka.<ref name="datta">{{cite book|editor-last=Datta|editor-first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti, Volume 2|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Dehi|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1293 }}</ref>  
The Gee Gee songs ([[Ballad]]) are heroic folklore verses composed in North Karnataka<ref name="gee gee song">{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=We've come for your vote…|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412044913/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2009|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 April 2008}}</ref> and several such songs are sung about Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and other figures of pre-independence Karnataka.<ref name=datta>{{cite book|editor-last=Datta|editor-first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti, Volume 2|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Dehi|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1293 }}</ref> A life size bronze statue of Sangolli Rayanna, riding a horse with open Sword in right hand, was installed near Railway station of [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna statue unveiled in City, at last|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100505/sangolli-rayanna-statue-unveiled-city.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Herald, Newspaper|date=28 September 2010}}</ref> The main railway station of Bengaluru City has been renamed as "Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Railway station" in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru railway station to be named after Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/474962/bengaluru-railway-station-named-sangolli.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Harald, Newspaper|date=1 May 2015}}</ref> However the station officially re named and notified as "Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna" Railway Station on 3 February 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=7096&did=145449704189594354ECD102CEC97451280C24522002C.web91|title=South Central Railway}}</ref>
* A life size bronze statue of Sangolli Rayanna, riding a horse with open Sword in right hand, was installed near the City Railway station of [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna statue unveiled in City, at last|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100505/sangolli-rayanna-statue-unveiled-city.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Herald, Newspaper|date=28 September 2010}}</ref>  
* The main railway station of Bengaluru City was renamed as [[Bengaluru City railway station|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Bengaluru Junction Railway station" (KSR Bengaluru Jn.)]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru railway station to be named after Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/474962/bengaluru-railway-station-named-sangolli.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Harald, Newspaper|date=1 May 2015}}</ref>  
* In 2012, a biographical film was produced on his life.<ref name="film" /> He was also the subject of another Kannada-language motion picture [[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna]] (Revolutionary Hero Sangolli Rayanna), directed by Naganna and starring [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Jaya Prada]] and [[Nikita Thukral]].<ref name="film">{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=Rajyotsava release for Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/rajyotsava-release-for-sangolli-rayanna/article4048238.ece|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 October 2012}}</ref>


===Film===
==References==
In 2012, a film was produced on his life history.<ref name=film/> was the subject of another Kannada-language motion picture [[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kraanthiveera Sangolli Rayanna]] (Revolutionary Hero Sangolli Rayanna), directed by Naganna and starring [[Darshan (actor)|Darshan]], [[Jaya Prada]] and [[Nikita Thukral]].<ref name=film>{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=Rajyotsava release for Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/rajyotsava-release-for-sangolli-rayanna/article4048238.ece|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 October 2012}}</ref>


==Citations==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.webindia123.com/karnataka/ART/music4.htm Ballad]
*[http://www.webindia123.com/karnataka/ART/music4.htm Ballad]
{{Indian Independence Movement}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rayanna, Sangolli}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rayanna, Sangolli}}
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:1798 births]]
[[Category:1798 births]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian military leaders]]
[[Category:Indian military leaders]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Karnataka]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:People from Belagavi district]]
[[Category:People from Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Kittur State]]

Latest revision as of 23:26, 15 March 2026


For the films, see Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film) and Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna (1967 film).

Sangolli Rayanna
Born15 August 1798
Sangolli, Belagavi[Karnataka]
Died26 January 1831 (aged 33)
Nandagad, Belagavi [Karnataka]
Burial placeNandagad, Belagavi
Other namesRayanna Bharamappa Rogannavar
OccupationMilitary commander

Sangolli Rayanna (15 August 1798 – 26 January 1831) was an Indian military leader. Born in Sangolli, Belagavi district. His father was Bharamappa Rogannavar. His mother was Kenchava. He served as a senior commander in the military of Kittur ruled by Kittur Chennamma, the kingdom - like many others - called by the British as a princely state, during the early 19th century. After Chennamma led a failed rebellion against the British East India Company (EIC) in response to the EIC's infamous Doctrine of Lapse in 1824, Rayanna continued to resist Company rule in India. After leading another uprising against EIC authority, he was ultimately captured by the British and executed by hanging in 1831. As he played a very important role in Indian Freedom, his memorial statue was built in the village of Sangolli, Belagavi. Rayanna's life was the subject of the Kannada-language films Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna (1967) and Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012).[1][2]

Early life[edit | edit source]

The tree where Rayanna was hanged by the British

Sangolli Rayanna was born on 15 August 1798 in Sangolli, Belgavi district. At some point in his life, he enlisted in the military of the Kingdom of Kittur, rising to the position of a senior commander. In 1824, Kittur Chennamma, the ruler of Kittur, rose in rebellion against Company rule in India in response to the British East India Company's (EIC) Doctrine of Lapse. Rayanna fought in the rebellion and was arrested by the British forces, who eventually released him.[3]

Freedom Fight and death[edit | edit source]

Incensed by the East India Company's confiscation of the majority of his lands (as punishment for participating in the 1824 rebellion) and heavy taxation of the remainder, Rayanna continued to oppose British domination in the region, planning to install Shivalingappa, the son of Chennamma, as the new ruler of Kittur. Lacking the resources to raise a regular army, he recruited men from among the local peasantry, who were similarly incensed by the EIC, and started an insurgency against the British in 1829. His insurgents targeted EIC administrative buildings, British forces and local treasuries, all the while constantly remaining on the move so as to avoid being attacked by a larger enemy force. Rayanna used taxes gained from local landlords and the loot gained from plundering treasuries to fund his insurgency. He was assisted by Siddi leader Gajaveera during his insurgency.[4]

In April 1830, Rayanna was captured alongside Shivalingappa by the British, who tried him in a court of law and sentenced him to death.[5] On 26 January 1831, at the age of thirty-three, he was executed by hanging by the British authorities from a banyan tree near the village of Nandagad.[6][1] After his death, he was buried near Nandagad. A close associate of Rayanna, Sangolli Bichugatti Channabasappa, planted a banyan sapling on his grave, which remains there to this day; a stambha was also installed near his grave. The Government of Karnataka has named a school, a rock garden, a museum and the major Railway Station at Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru, after Rayanna.[7]

Legacy[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna". The Hindu. 24 January 2017.
  2. ↑ "Celebrating the life and times of Sangolli Rayanna". New Indian Express. 6 December 2016.
  3. ↑ "Sangolli Rayanna and the rise of caste heroes". The New Indian Express. 6 December 2016.
  4. ↑ Ali, Shanti Sadiq (1996). The African dispersal in the Deccan : from medieval to modern times. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan. p. 232. ISBN 9788125004851.
  5. ↑ Gopalakrishnan (2007). Gopalakrishnan, Subramanian (ed.). The South Indian rebellions: before and after 1800 (1st ed.). Chennai: Palaniappa Brothers. p. 103. ISBN 9788183795005.
  6. ↑ R P, Sambasadashiva Reddy. "Miscellany". Deccan Herald, Bangalore. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
  7. ↑ Pramoda (9 August 2018). "ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗದ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ". Vijaya Karnataka. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  8. ↑ Khajane, Muralidhara (8 April 2008). "We've come for your vote..." The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  9. ↑ Datta, Amaresh, ed. (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti, Volume 2. New Dehi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 1293. ISBN 9788126011940.
  10. ↑ "Sangolli Rayanna statue unveiled in City, at last". Deccan Herald, Newspaper. 28 September 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  11. ↑ "Bengaluru railway station to be named after Sangolli Rayanna". Deccan Harald, Newspaper. 1 May 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Khajane, Muralidhara (31 October 2012). "Rajyotsava release for Sangolli Rayanna". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

External links[edit | edit source]

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