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{{Short description|Raja of Amber from 1503 to 1527}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| name | | name = Prithviraj | ||
| title | | title = [[Raja (title)|Raja]] | ||
| image = Prithvi Raj Singh I of Jaipur (1503-1527).jpg | |||
| reign | | caption = Imaginary portrait of Prithviraj Singh I | ||
| predecessor | | succession = [[Raja]] of [[Jaipur State|Amber]] | ||
| successor | | reign = 17 January 1503 – 4 November 1527 | ||
| dynasty | | predecessor = Chandrasen | ||
| spouse-type | | successor = [[Puranmal]] | ||
| spouse | | dynasty = [[Kachwaha]] | ||
| issue | | spouse-type = Wives | ||
| spouse = Apurva Devi (Bala Bai) of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]]<br>Princess of [[Udaipur State|Mewar]] | |||
| issue = {{plainlist| | |||
* [[Puranmal]] | * [[Puranmal]] | ||
* [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] | * [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] | ||
* [[Bharmal]] | * [[Bharmal]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| father | | father = Chandrasen | ||
| mother | | mother = | ||
| birth_date | | birth_date = | ||
| birth_place | | birth_place = | ||
| death_date | | death_date = 4 November 1527 | ||
| death_place | | death_place = | ||
| | | burial_place = | ||
}} | |||
'''Prithviraj Singh I''' ( | '''Prithviraj Singh I''' (died 4 November 1527), also known as '''Prithvi Singh I''', was a 16th-century [[Rajput]] ruler of [[Jaipur State|Amber]]. He was a monarch of strong religious inclinations and during his reign, Amber became increasingly politically active. He took part in the Rajput alliance against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Babur]], fighting against the latter in the [[Battle of Khanwa]] alongside [[Rana Sanga]] of [[Udaipur State|Mewar]] in 1527. Three of Prithviraj's sons successively followed him as ruler of Amber, with many of his descendants also populating the kingdom's highest aristocracy in subsequent centuries. | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
Prithviraj ascended the throne of Amber after the death of his father, Raja Chandrasen, in 1503.<ref name="SarkarP31–3">{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |authorlink=Jadunath Sarkar |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |publisher=Orient Longman Limited |year=1984 |pages=31–33 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31 }}</ref> With his rule, Amber, which had been experiencing a long period of stagnation, was revitalised, entering an era of extensive political activity.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiva Nain |title=Raja Man Singh of Amber |year=1966 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121/page/n19 3] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 }}</ref> This may be shown through his marriage to a [[Udaipur State|Mewari]] princess,<ref name=JaigarhP41>{{cite book|last1=Nathawat|first1=P. S.|last2=Khangarot|first2=R. S.|title=Jaigarh, the invincible fort of Amber|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkBuAAAAMAAJ|publisher=RBSA Publishers|year=1990|page=31|isbn=9788185176482}}</ref> to whose house the rajas of Amber owed homage.<ref name=BhatnagarP6>{{cite book |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=V. S. |title=Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743 |url=https:// | Prithviraj ascended the throne of Amber after the death of his father, Raja Chandrasen, in 1503.<ref name="SarkarP31–3">{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |authorlink=Jadunath Sarkar |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |publisher=Orient Longman Limited |year=1984 |pages=31–33 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31 }}</ref> With his rule, Amber, which had been experiencing a long period of stagnation, was revitalised, entering an era of extensive political activity.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajiva Nain |title=Raja Man Singh of Amber |year=1966 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121/page/n19 3] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35121 }}</ref> This may be shown through his marriage to a [[Udaipur State|Mewari]] princess,<ref name=JaigarhP41>{{cite book|last1=Nathawat|first1=P. S.|last2=Khangarot|first2=R. S.|title=Jaigarh, the invincible fort of Amber|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkBuAAAAMAAJ|publisher=RBSA Publishers|year=1990|page=31|isbn=9788185176482}}</ref> to whose house the rajas of Amber owed homage.<ref name=BhatnagarP6>{{cite book |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=V. S. |title=Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.119126/page/n14/mode/1up?view=theater|publisher=Impex India |year=1974 |page=6 }}</ref> | ||
Prithviraj was a fervent devotee of the [[Hindu]] deity [[Krishna]], taking as his spiritual teacher an ascetic who took the name ''Krishna-das'' (slave of Krishna). This [[guru]] bestowed on the Raja two sacred idols; [[Narasimha]], which has a temple in [[Amer, India|Amber]], and [[Sitaram]], which has one in [[Jaipur]].<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> The latter idol was from then on carried at the head of the Amber army in battle.<ref name=JaigarhP41/> At one point, Prithviraj made a pilgrimage to [[Dwarka]], where he was initiated as a monk in the monastery.<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> | Prithviraj was a fervent devotee of the [[Hindu]] deity [[Krishna]], taking as his spiritual teacher an ascetic who took the name ''Krishna-das'' (slave of Krishna). This [[guru]] bestowed on the Raja two sacred idols; [[Narasimha]], which has a temple in [[Amer, India|Amber]], and [[Sitaram]], which has one in [[Jaipur]].<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> The latter idol was from then on carried at the head of the Amber army in battle.<ref name=JaigarhP41/> At one point, Prithviraj made a pilgrimage to [[Dwarka]], where he was initiated as a monk in the monastery.<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> | ||
In March 1527, he, alongside his son Jagmal and a number of relations, fought under [[Rana Sanga]] of Mewar in the | In March 1527, he, alongside his son Jagmal and a number of relations, fought under [[Rana Sanga]] of Mewar in the [[Battle of Khanwa]] against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Babur]].<ref name=BhatnagarP6/> This was the last of the great battles fought by the [[Rajput]]s, during which Sanga was debilitated after being struck by an arrow. Prithviraj, alongside [[Maldev Rathore|Rao Maldev]] of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]] and Rao Akheraj of [[Sirohi State|Sirohi]], escorted the injured Sanga to safety.<ref name=KhanP2>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Refaqat Ali |title=The Kachhwahas under Akbar and Jahangir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2U9uAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Kitab Publishers |year=1976 |page=2 }}</ref> | ||
Prithviraj did not long survive the battle, dying on | ==Death== | ||
Prithviraj did not long survive after the battle, dying on 4 November 1527, two months before Rana Sanga's death. Like the latter, who was poisoned by his nobles in order to avoid further conflict with Babur, historian V.S Bhatnagar suggests that Prithviraj's death may also have been unnatural, noting that his successors later readily offered their allegiance to the Mughals.<ref>{{Cite book|first=V.S|last=Bhatnagar|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.119126/page/n14/mode/1up?view=theater|title=Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688–1743|date=1974|publisher=Impex India|page=6|quote=The latter is believed to have been poisoned by a section of his nobles who were opposed to his resolve to face Babar again. The possibility of Prithviraj having met an unnatural death like Sanga, and for the same very reason, cannot be ruled out, especially when we note that his successors, instead of maintaining the struggle against the foreign foe, readily paid allegiance to him.|language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
Prithviraj had nine wives from multiple clans, by whom he had eighteen sons and three daughters. Twelve of these sons reached adulthood, with three eventually became rajas of Amber: Puranmal, [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] and [[Bharmal]].{{NoteTag|Bhim Singh and Bharmal were both sons of Prithviraj's [[Rathore]] queen, Bala Bai,<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> daughter of [[Lunkaran|Rao Lunkaran]] of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Rajvi Amar |title=Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan |year=1992 |page=1518 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZIMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22+He+had+one+daughter+Bala+Bai+%22 }}</ref> Puranmal's mother may also have been this woman,<ref>{{cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |title=A history of Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Rupa & Co. |year=2006 |page=482 |isbn=9788129108906 }}</ref> though other identifications include her being Prithviraj's [[Tomar clan|Tonwar]] wife.<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/>}} Nine of his sons, alongside three collateral relations, were also awarded estates in perpetuity for them and their descendants. These families are termed the ''baro kotri'' (twelve chambers) of the [[Kachwaha|House of Kachwaha]], who later formed the highest aristocracy of Jaipur.<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> | Prithviraj had nine wives from multiple clans, by whom he had eighteen sons and three daughters. Twelve of these sons reached adulthood, with three eventually became rajas of Amber: Puranmal, [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] and [[Bharmal]].{{NoteTag|Bhim Singh and Bharmal were both sons of Prithviraj's [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] queen, Bala Bai,<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> daughter of [[Lunkaran|Rao Lunkaran]] of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Rajvi Amar |title=Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan |year=1992 |page=1518 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZIMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22+He+had+one+daughter+Bala+Bai+%22 }}</ref> Puranmal's mother may also have been this woman,<ref>{{cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |title=A history of Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Rupa & Co. |year=2006 |page=482 |isbn=9788129108906 }}</ref> though other identifications include her being Prithviraj's [[Tomar (Rajput clan)|Tonwar]] wife.<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/>}} Nine of his sons, alongside three collateral relations, were also awarded estates in perpetuity for them and their descendants. These families are termed the ''baro kotri'' (twelve chambers) of the [[Kachwaha|House of Kachwaha]], who later formed the highest aristocracy of Jaipur.<ref name="SarkarP31–3"/> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 50: | ||
{{Maharajas of Jaipur}} | {{Maharajas of Jaipur}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prithviraj Singh I}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Prithviraj Singh I}} | ||
[[Category:Maharajas of Jaipur]] | [[Category:Maharajas of Jaipur]] | ||
[[Category:1527 deaths]] | [[Category:1527 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:People from Jaipur district]] | [[Category:People from Jaipur district]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:40, 26 February 2026
| Prithviraj | |
|---|---|
| Raja | |
.jpg) Imaginary portrait of Prithviraj Singh I | |
| Raja of Amber | |
| Reign | 17 January 1503 – 4 November 1527 |
| Predecessor | Chandrasen |
| Successor | Puranmal |
| Died | 4 November 1527 |
| Wives | Apurva Devi (Bala Bai) of Bikaner Princess of Mewar |
| Issue | |
| Dynasty | Kachwaha |
| Father | Chandrasen |
Prithviraj Singh I (died 4 November 1527), also known as Prithvi Singh I, was a 16th-century Rajput ruler of Amber. He was a monarch of strong religious inclinations and during his reign, Amber became increasingly politically active. He took part in the Rajput alliance against the Mughal emperor Babur, fighting against the latter in the Battle of Khanwa alongside Rana Sanga of Mewar in 1527. Three of Prithviraj's sons successively followed him as ruler of Amber, with many of his descendants also populating the kingdom's highest aristocracy in subsequent centuries.
Reign[edit | edit source]
Prithviraj ascended the throne of Amber after the death of his father, Raja Chandrasen, in 1503.[1] With his rule, Amber, which had been experiencing a long period of stagnation, was revitalised, entering an era of extensive political activity.[2] This may be shown through his marriage to a Mewari princess,[3] to whose house the rajas of Amber owed homage.[4]
Prithviraj was a fervent devotee of the Hindu deity Krishna, taking as his spiritual teacher an ascetic who took the name Krishna-das (slave of Krishna). This guru bestowed on the Raja two sacred idols; Narasimha, which has a temple in Amber, and Sitaram, which has one in Jaipur.[1] The latter idol was from then on carried at the head of the Amber army in battle.[3] At one point, Prithviraj made a pilgrimage to Dwarka, where he was initiated as a monk in the monastery.[1]
In March 1527, he, alongside his son Jagmal and a number of relations, fought under Rana Sanga of Mewar in the Battle of Khanwa against the Mughal emperor Babur.[4] This was the last of the great battles fought by the Rajputs, during which Sanga was debilitated after being struck by an arrow. Prithviraj, alongside Rao Maldev of Marwar and Rao Akheraj of Sirohi, escorted the injured Sanga to safety.[5]
Death[edit | edit source]
Prithviraj did not long survive after the battle, dying on 4 November 1527, two months before Rana Sanga's death. Like the latter, who was poisoned by his nobles in order to avoid further conflict with Babur, historian V.S Bhatnagar suggests that Prithviraj's death may also have been unnatural, noting that his successors later readily offered their allegiance to the Mughals.[6]
Family[edit | edit source]
Prithviraj had nine wives from multiple clans, by whom he had eighteen sons and three daughters. Twelve of these sons reached adulthood, with three eventually became rajas of Amber: Puranmal, Bhim Singh and Bharmal.[note 1] Nine of his sons, alongside three collateral relations, were also awarded estates in perpetuity for them and their descendants. These families are termed the baro kotri (twelve chambers) of the House of Kachwaha, who later formed the highest aristocracy of Jaipur.[1]
Notes[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. Orient Longman Limited. pp. 31–33. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.
- ↑ Prasad, Rajiva Nain (1966). Raja Man Singh of Amber. p. 3.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nathawat, P. S.; Khangarot, R. S. (1990). Jaigarh, the invincible fort of Amber. RBSA Publishers. p. 31. ISBN 9788185176482.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bhatnagar, V. S. (1974). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743. Impex India. p. 6.
- ↑ Khan, Refaqat Ali (1976). The Kachhwahas under Akbar and Jahangir. Kitab Publishers. p. 2.
- ↑ Bhatnagar, V.S (1974). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688–1743. Impex India. p. 6.
The latter is believed to have been poisoned by a section of his nobles who were opposed to his resolve to face Babar again. The possibility of Prithviraj having met an unnatural death like Sanga, and for the same very reason, cannot be ruled out, especially when we note that his successors, instead of maintaining the struggle against the foreign foe, readily paid allegiance to him.
- ↑ Singh, Rajvi Amar (1992). Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan. p. 1518.
- ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A history of Rajasthan. Rupa & Co. p. 482. ISBN 9788129108906.