Khandayat (caste): Difference between revisions

Khandayat
Khandayat
Religions	Hinduism
Languages	Odia
Populated states	Odisha

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Revision as of 21:40, 1 August 2026

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Khandayat or Khandait is a Martial caste from Odisha, East india.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] They were feudal chiefs, military generals, zamindars, large land holders and agriculturalists.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] Numerically they are the largest caste of the state.^[10]

Etymology

The name Khandayat is originated from the word "Khanda" which means Sword and khandayat means sword wielding.^[11]^[12]

History

References

↑ Behuria, N. C. (1990). Orissa State Gazetteer. Gazetteers Unit, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa.
↑ Behura, Nab Kishore; Mohanty, Ramesh P. (2005). Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-920-3.
↑ Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997). Economic History of Orissa. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-075-0.
↑ Pati, Rabindra Nath (2008). Family Planning. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0352-8.
↑ Regional Development Dialogue. United Nations Centre for Regional Development. 2009.
↑ Bhola, Sudhira Chandra (1990). British Economic Policy in Orissa. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-075-0.
↑ Samal, J. K. (1990). Economic History of Orissa, 1866-1912. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-218-9.
↑ Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy (18 October 2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-11988-2.
↑ Bailey, Frederick George (1970). Politics and Social Change. University of California Press. p. 132.
↑ Punjab Journal of Politics. Department of Political Science, Guru Nanak Dev University. 1986.
↑ Ghosh, G. K. (2000). Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India. Firma KLM. ISBN 978-81-7102-046-1.
↑ Pati, Biswamoy (2003). Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800-2000. Three Essays Collective. ISBN 978-81-88789-04-7.

Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy, eds. (2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13411-988-2.
Pati, Biswamoy (2001). Situating Social History: Orissa, 1800-1997. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-8-12502-007-3.
Senapati, Fakir Mohan (2005). Six Acres and a Third: The Classic Nineteenth-century Novel about Colonial India. Mishra, Rabi Shankar (trans.). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52022-883-2.
Roy, Bhaskar (2004). "Khandayats moving into political gear in Orissa". Times of India.

Template:Ethnic groups and Communities of Odisha

[1] Behuria, N. C. (1990). Orissa State Gazetteer. Gazetteers Unit, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa.

[2] Behura, Nab Kishore; Mohanty, Ramesh P. (2005). Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-920-3.

[3] Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997). Economic History of Orissa. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-075-0.

[4] Pati, Rabindra Nath (2008). Family Planning. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0352-8.

[5] Regional Development Dialogue. United Nations Centre for Regional Development. 2009.

[6] Bhola, Sudhira Chandra (1990). British Economic Policy in Orissa. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-075-0.

[7] Samal, J. K. (1990). Economic History of Orissa, 1866-1912. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-218-9.

[8] Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy (18 October 2007). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-11988-2.

[9] Bailey, Frederick George (1970). Politics and Social Change. University of California Press. p. 132.

[10] Punjab Journal of Politics. Department of Political Science, Guru Nanak Dev University. 1986.

[11] Ghosh, G. K. (2000). Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India. Firma KLM. ISBN 978-81-7102-046-1.

[12] Pati, Biswamoy (2003). Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800-2000. Three Essays Collective. ISBN 978-81-88789-04-7.

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@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 == Etymology ==
 The name Khandayat is originated from the word "[[Khanda (sword)|Khanda]]" which means Sword and khandayat means sword wielding.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=z6eBAAAAMAAJ&q=Khandayat+sword&dq=Khandayat+sword&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvpf_Qv7jxAhUCyDgGHchVBx0Q6AEwAHoECAMQAw|title=Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India|date=2000|publisher=Firma KLM|isbn=978-81-7102-046-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pati|first=Biswamoy|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GDpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Khandayat+sword&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Khandayat+sword|title=Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800-2000|date=2003|publisher=Three Essays Collective|isbn=978-81-88789-04-7|language=en}}</ref>
-== History ==
+== <big>History</big> ==
-Traditionally, they are quasi-martial caste who claim themselves to be of [[Kshatriya]] status, but they were considered by the [[Brahmin]]s and others to be in the [[Shudra]] varna category<ref name="Congress1997">{{cite book|author=Indian History Congress|title=Proceedings|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZfltAAAAMAAJ&dq=khandayat+sudra&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sudra|year=1997|publisher=Indian History Congress}}</ref>{{full|date=June 2021}} due to the majority of Khandayats being peasants. Pradhan also attributes this to Brahmin patronage of [[Rajput]]s, who also claimed to be of Kshatriya status.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pradhan|first=Prasanta Kumar|date=1996|title=Story of the Peasant Militias or the Khandayats or Orissa: A Socio-Historical Approach|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44133394|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=57|pages=752-745|via=JSTOR}}</ref>{{clarify|reason=Brahmins patronised Rajputs or Rajputs patronised Brahmins, and really what does this have to do with the Khadayat status?|date=June 2021}} Communities such as [[Adivasi]]s, [[Bhuyan|Bhuyans]], [[Chasa (caste)|Chasas]], and [[Agharia|Agharias]] started identifying as Khandayats in order to gain status, distance themselves from their original castes/communities, and exploit [[Zamindar]] land rights.<ref name=":7">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eKbW3ukh9oC&q=biswamoy+pati+khandayats&pg=PA89  |title=India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism |last1=Ernst |first1=Waltraun |last2=Pati |first2=Biswamoy |date=2007 |isbn=9781134119882 |access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}

Khandayat (caste): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:40, 1 August 2026

Contents

Etymology

History

References

Further reading