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| | #REDIRECT [[Bengali Brahmin]] |
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| {{short description|Hindu caste originating from the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent}} | | {{Redirect category shell| |
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| [[File:Bengali Brahmin.jpg|thumb|right|A Bengali Brahmin priest]]
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| The '''Bengali Brahmins''' are Hindu [[Brahmins]] who traditionally reside in the [[Bengal]] region of the [[Indian subcontinent]], currently comprising the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]] and the country of [[Bangladesh]]. When the British left India in 1947, [[Partition of India|carving out separate nations]], many Brahmins, whose original homes were in the newly created Islamic Republic of Pakistan, migrated en masse to be within the borders of the newly defined [[Republic of India]], and continued to migrate for several decades thereafter to escape Islamist persecution.<ref> "Pakistan: The Ravaging of Golden Bengal". Time. 2 August 1971.</ref><ref>Das, S. (1990). Communal Violence in Twentieth Century Colonial Bengal: An Analytical Framework. Social Scientist, 18(6/7), 21. doi:10.2307/3517477 </ref>
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| The Bengali Brahmins, along with [[Baidya]]s and [[Bengali Kayastha|Kayasthas]], are regarded among the three traditional higher castes of Bengal.<ref name="CasteCulture&Hegemony">{{cite book|first=Sekhar |last=Bandyopadhyay|title=Caste, Culture, and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPqHAwAAQBAJ&q=kayastha|year=2004|publisher=Sage Publications | isbn=81-7829-316-1 | page=20}}</ref> In the colonial era, the [[Bhadralok]]s of Bengal were drawn from these three castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in [[West Bengal]].<ref name="Sekhar2004">{{cite book|first=Sekhar |last=Bandyopadhyay|title=Caste, Culture, and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Caste_Culture_and_Hegemony/z2SVIflbyHQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA25|year=2004|publisher=Sage Publications | isbn=978-0-761-99849-5 | page=25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chakrabarti|first=Sumit|date=2017|title=Space of Deprivation: The 19th Century Bengali Kerani in the Bhadrolok Milieu of Calcutta|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44508277|journal=Asian Journal of Social Science|volume=45|issue=1/2|pages=56|issn=1568-4849}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=Parimal|title=What Happened to the Bhadralok?|publisher=Primus Books|year=2016|isbn=9789384082994|location=Delhi}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| Multiple land-grants to Brahmins, from since the Gupta Era have been observed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Griffiths|first=Arlo|date=2018|title=Four More Gupta-period Copperplate Grants from Bengal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01954015|journal=Pratna Samiksha: a Journal of Archaeology|volume=New Series|issue=9|pages=15–57}}</ref> The Dhanaidaha copper-plate inscription, dated to 433 CE, is the earliest of them and records a grantee Brahmin named Varahasvamin.<ref name=":0" />
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| == Notable people ==
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| <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
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| <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
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| * [[Raja Ganesha]], founder of the [[Ganesha dynasty]] of Bengal
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| * [[Raja Krishnachandra]], Raja of [[Nadia Raj]]
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| * [[Rudranarayan]], Maharaja of [[Bhurishrestha]]<ref>Bhattacharya, "Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini"</ref>
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| * [[Bhavashankari]], Queen of Bhurishrestha<ref>Bhattacharya, "Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini"</ref>
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| * [[Rani Bhabani]] Queen of Natore, kingdom of Rajshahi
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| * [[Abhijit Banerjee]] (born 1961), winner of the 2019 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]]
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| * [[Surendranath Banerjee]] (1848-1925), founder of the [[Indian National Association]], first Indian to pass the Indian civil service examination<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutt |first1=Ajanta |title=Book review 'A Nation in Making': Banerjea's nation-A man and his history |url=https://www.asianage.com/books/book-review-nation-making-banerjea-s-nation-man-and-his-history-005 |access-date=12 September 2020 |work=The Asian Age |date=6 July 2016}}</ref>
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| *[[Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya]] (1836-1906), [[Sanskrit]] scholar
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| *[[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] (1838-1894), Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] novelist, poet and journalist <ref>{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Fatima |title=Bankim Chandra — the man who wrote Vande Mataram, capturing colonial India's imagination |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/bankim-chandra-the-man-who-wrote-vande-mataram-capturing-colonial-indias-imagination/217506/ |access-date=13 January 2021 |work=The Print |date=8 April 2019}}</ref>
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| *[[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]] (1890-1977), linguist
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| * [[Sourav Ganguly]] (born 1972), President of [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] and former captain of Indian National Cricket Team.
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| * [[Bagha Jatin]] (1879-1915), leader of the [[Jugantar]] party of revolutionary freedom fighters in Bengal
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| * [[Ashok Kumar]] (1911-2001), Indian film actor<ref name=":3" />
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| * [[Kishore Kumar]] (1929-1987), Indian playback singer, actor, music director, lyricist, writer, director, producer and screenwriter<ref name=":3">{{cite news |title=Kishore Kumar birthday: His favourite songs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kishore-kumar-songs-138753-2011-08-04 |access-date=25 February 2020 |work=India Today |date=4 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref>
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| * [[Uttam Kumar]] (1926-1980), Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] actor
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| * [[Ashutosh Mukherjee]] (1864-1924), educator and barrister
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| * [[Pranab Mukherjee]] (1935-2020), [[President of India|13th President of India]] and a veteran leader of the [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{cite news|date=11 October 2011|title=Protocol to keep President Pranab off Puja customs|work=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/protocol-to-keep-president-pranab-off-puja-customs/article1-943150.aspx|access-date=12 July 2012|archive-date=31 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831133141/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/protocol-to-keep-president-pranab-off-puja-customs/story-85VNL9oUY0er5Vj1TxLPyH.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| * [[Syama Prasad Mukherjee]] (1901-1953), politician, barrister
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| * [[Hara Prasad Shastri]] (1853-1931), founder of the [[Charyapada]].
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| * [[Dwarkanath Tagore]] (1794–1846), one of the first Indian industrialists to form an enterprise with British partners<ref>{{cite book |last1=Littrup |first1=Lisbeth |title=Identity In Asian Literature |date=28 October 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-10426-8 |page=94 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Identity_In_Asian_Literature/I94rBgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dwarkanath+Tagore+brahmin&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>
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| * [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861-1941), poet who won the Nobel Prize in Literature
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| *[[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] (1820-1891), educator and social reformer
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| *[[M. N. Roy]] (1887-1954), Indian revolutionary, formed Communist party in India and Mexico
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| *[[Ram Mohan Roy]] (1772-1833), social reformer
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| <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
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| <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
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| ==Notes==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==References==
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| *An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, by Damodar Dharmanand Kosāmbi, Popular Prakasan,35c Tadeo Road, Popular Press Building, Bombay-400034, First Edition: 1956, Revised Second Edition: 1975.
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| *Atul Sur, Banglar Samajik Itihas (Bengali), Calcutta, 1976
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| *NN Bhattacharyya, Bharatiya Jati Varna Pratha (Bengali), Calcutta, 1987
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| *RC Majumdar, Vangiya Kulashastra (Bengali), 2nd ed, Calcutta, 1989.
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| *Bhattacharya, Jogendra Nath (1896). Hindu Castes and Sects: An Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects toward Each Other and toward Other Religious Systems. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink. p. iii.
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| * {{Citation |surname1 = Dutta
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| |given1 = K
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| |surname2 = Robinson
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| |given2 = A
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| |year = 1995
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| |title = Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man
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| |publisher = St. Martin's Press
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| |isbn = 0-312-14030-4
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| |url-access = registration
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| |url = https://archive.org/details/rabindranathtago00dutt_0
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| }} | | }} |
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| {{Bengali Hindu people}}
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| [[Category:Bengali Brahmins| ]]
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| [[Category:Bengali Hindu castes]]
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| [[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
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| [[Category:Brahmin communities by language]]
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