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'''Murho Estate''' was a [[Chieftaincy]] and later a [[Zamindars of Bihar|Zamindari]] (Estate) of [[Yadava]]  in erstwhile [[Bhagalpur]] district of [[Bihar]] (now in [[Madhepura]] district).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IshIoRNP-bkC|title=IshIoRNP-BKC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A village that symbolises Bihar|url=https://www.rediff.com/election/2005/feb/11spec2.htm|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Murho|url=http://wikimapia.org/15643355/Murho|access-date=2021-03-08|website=wikimapia.org|language=en}}</ref>
{{short description|Zamindari Estate of British India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
The '''Murho Estate'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Department|first=Bengal (India) Revenue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6s-AQAAMAAJ&q=murho+estate|title=Report on the Administration of the Wards, Attached and Trust Estates|date=1909|language=en}}</ref> was a [[Chieftaincy]] and later a [[Zamindars of Bihar|Zamindari]] (estate)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Bengal (India) Revenue |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6s-AQAAMAAJ&q=Murho |title=Report on the Administration of the Wards, Attached and Trust Estates |date=1909 |language=en}}</ref> of [[Yadav]] (Ahir)<ref>{{Cite web|title=A village that symbolises Bihar|url=https://www.rediff.com/election/2005/feb/11spec2.htm|access-date=2022-02-12|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> in erstwhile [[Bhagalpur]] district of [[Bihar]] (now in [[Madhepura]] district).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Revenue|first=Bihar and Orissa (India) Board of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jw_AQAAMAAJ&q=murho|title=Report on Wards', Encumbered, Trust and Attached Estates in the Province of Bihar and Orissa|date=1912|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IshIoRNP-bkC|title=IshIoRNP-BKC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Śāstrī|first=Mahendra Nārāyaṇa Paṅkaja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zdpGAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B|title=Apamāna|date=1994|publisher=Tūlikā Prakāśana|language=hi}}</ref>


{{Infobox former subdivision
{{Infobox country
|common_name= Murho Estate
| conventional_long_name                = Murho Estate
|conventional_long_name = Murho Estate
| common_name                = Murho
|status_text =
| nation                =
|era =  
| subdivision                =
|year_start = 1700
| era                =
|date_start =  
| government_type                = Zamindari Estate
|event_start=  
| status_text               =  
|year_end = 1947
| event_start                =
|date_end =  
| date_start                =  
|event_end =  
| year_start               = 1700
|event1 =  
| event_end                = Acceded to India
|date_event1 =
| date_end                =  
|p1 =
| year_end               = 1949
|s1 = Dominion of India  
| event1                =  
|flag_p1 =
| date_event1                =  
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
| event_post                =  
|image_flag =  
| date_post                =  
|image_coat =  
| p1               =
|image_map =
| flag_p1                =  
|stat_area1 =
| s1               = Dominion of India
|stat_year1 =  
| flag_s1               = Flag of India.svg
|stat_pop1 =  
| image_flag               =
|today     = [[Bihar]],<br>[[Republic of India]]
|flag_border  = no
| flag_type                =  
| image_coat               =  
| image_map               =
| image_map_caption      =
| capital                =
| common_languages                = [[Maithili language|Maithili]],<br>[[Hindi]]
| currency                = [[Indian Rupee]]
| leader1                = Babu Panchanan Mandal ''(first)''
| leader2                = Babu Bindhyeshwari Prasad Mandal ''(last)''
| year_leader1      = Unknown
| year_leader2      = 1941–1949
| title_leader        = Zamindar
| today               = [[Bihar]],<br>[[Republic of India]]
}}
}}


[[File:Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg|thumb|Babu Ras Bihari Lal Mandal, Zamindar Of Murho Estate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=बाबू रासबिहारी लाल मंडल की पुण्यतिथि मनी|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhepura/story-death-anniversary-of-babu-rasbihari-lal-mandal-3450269.html|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref>]]
[[File:Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg|thumb|Babu Ras Bihari Lal Mandal, Zamindar Of Murho Estate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=बाबू रासबिहारी लाल मंडल की पुण्यतिथि मनी|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhepura/story-death-anniversary-of-babu-rasbihari-lal-mandal-3450269.html|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref>]]


[[File:Rai Bahadur Keshav Prasad .jpg|thumb|Rai Bahadur Keshav Prasad Mandal, Honorary Magistrate and Zamindar of Murho Estate.]]
[[File:Rai Bahadur Keshav Pd.jpg|thumb|Rai Bahadur Keshav Prasad Mandal, Honorary Megistrate and Zamindar of Murho-Ranipatti Estate.]]


The name of the estate derives from a Murho village of Madhepura District.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pin Code: MURHO, MADHEPURA, BIHAR, India, Pincode.net.in|url=https://pincode.net.in/BIHAR/MADHEPURA/M/MURHO|access-date=2021-03-08|website=pincode.net.in}}</ref> Members of the Murho family were very big landlords of the Kosi division.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Witsoe|first=Jeffrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQcGAQAAQBAJ|title=Democracy against Development: Lower-Caste Politics and Political Modernity in Postcolonial India|date=2013-11-05|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-06350-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sinha|first=Arun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC|title=Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-670-08459-3|language=en}}</ref>
The name of the estate derives from a Murho village of Madhepura District.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Datta|first=Kalikinkar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Gope+zamindar+murho|title=History of the Freedom Movement in Bihar|date=1957|publisher=Government of Bihar|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pin Code: MURHO, MADHEPURA, BIHAR, India, Pincode.net.in|url=https://pincode.net.in/BIHAR/MADHEPURA/M/MURHO|access-date=2021-03-08|website=pincode.net.in}}</ref> Members of the Murho family were very big landlords of the Kosi division.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Witsoe|first=Jeffrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQcGAQAAQBAJ|title=Democracy against Development: Lower-Caste Politics and Political Modernity in Postcolonial India|date=2013-11-05|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-06350-8|language=en}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The Murho [[Zamindars of Bihar|Zamindari]] (Estate) was ruled by Majhraut Clan Of [[Yadav]]a.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bihar (India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCZuAAAAMAAJ|title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Bhagalpur|last2=Choudhury|first2=Pranab Chandra Roy|date=1957|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|language=en}}</ref> It was the one of the largest and respected zamindari estate of Bihar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDUjw2kFwvIC|title=Bihar men samajik parivartan ke kuchh ayam|date=2001|publisher=Vani Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7055-755-5|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt9G1e6JF-QC&q=eastern+Bihar|title=India's Communities: H - M|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2|language=en}}</ref>
The Murho [[Zamindars of Bihar|Zamindari]] (Estate) was ruled by Majhraut Clan Of [[Yadav]]a.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bihar (India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCZuAAAAMAAJ|title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Bhagalpur|last2=Choudhury|first2=Pranab Chandra Roy|date=1957|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|language=en}}</ref> It was the largest and respected zamindari estate of Kosi region (Bihar).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDUjw2kFwvIC|title=Bihar men samajik parivartan ke kuchh ayam|date=2001|publisher=Vani Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7055-755-5|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt9G1e6JF-QC&q=eastern+Bihar|title=India's Communities: H - M|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2|language=en}}</ref>


*'''Ras Bihari Lal Mandal'''
=== Rash Bihari Lal Mandal ===
Babu Rasbihari Lal was an ardent freedom fighter and social reformer, according to litterateur Dr. Bhupendra Narayan Yadav Madhepuri, Rasbihari Babu was scholarly in many languages like Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Bengali, English, French and Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=बाबू रासबिहारी लाल मंडल की पुण्यतिथि मनी|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhepura/story-death-anniversary-of-babu-rasbihari-lal-mandal-3450269.html|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref>
{{main|Rash Bihari Lal Mandal}}
[[File:Rashbihari Lal Mandal.png|thumb|Babu Rash Bihari Lal Mandal]]


*'''Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal'''
Babu Rasbihari Lal was an ardent freedom fighter, philanthropist and social reformer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editor-in-Chief|date=2020-08-25|title=प्रखर स्वतंत्रता सेनानी रासबिहारी मण्डल की पुण्यतिथि पर "द रिपब्लिकन टाइम्स" की अतिथि संपादक प्रसन्ना सिंह राठौर की ✍️ से एक खास प्रस्तुति....|url=https://therepublicantimes.co/35591/a-special-presentation-by-prasanna-singh-rathore-guest-editor-of-the-republican-times-on-the-death-anniversary-of-the-fierce-freedom-fighter-rasbihari-mandal/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Republican Times|language=en-US}}</ref> According to litterateur Dr. Bhupendra Narayan Madhepuri, Rasbihari Babu was scholarly in many languages like Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Bengali, English, French and Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=बाबू रासबिहारी लाल मंडल की पुण्यतिथि मनी|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhepura/story-death-anniversary-of-babu-rasbihari-lal-mandal-3450269.html|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref>
 
=== Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal ===
{{main|B.P. Mandal}}
[[File:Babu_Bp_Mandal.jpg|thumb|Babu [[B. P. Mandal|B.P. Mandal]], Charmain of Mandal Commission and Ex Chief Minister Of [[Bihar]].]]
[[File:Babu_Bp_Mandal.jpg|thumb|Babu [[B. P. Mandal|B.P. Mandal]], Charmain of Mandal Commission and Ex Chief Minister Of [[Bihar]].]]
Chairman of Mandal Commission and former Chief Minister of Bihar, Babu [[B. P. Mandal|B.P. Mandal]] was born in this zamindar family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sinha|first=Arun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC|title=Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-670-08459-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-10|title=बिन्देश्वरी प्रसाद मंडल की जीवनी- Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal Biography In Hindi|url=https://www.newstrend.news/339989/bindeshwari-prasad-mandal-biography-hindi/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Newstrend|language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=In Bihar, the importance of being Nitish Kumar|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/in-bihar-the-importance-of-being-nitish-kumar/story-L9PKYIYnykA7FWPEPrVpsN.html|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Maheshwari|first=Shriram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Q_A5CbznVcC&q=mandal+commission&pg=PA1|title=The Mandal Commission and Mandalisation: A Critique|date=1991|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-338-2|language=en}}</ref> He was the son of Zamindar Babu Ras Bihari Lal Mandal.
Chairman of [[Mandal Commission]] and former Chief Minister of Bihar, Babu [[B. P. Mandal|B.P. Mandal]] was born in Murho raj family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sinha|first=Arun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC|title=Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-670-08459-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-10|title=बिन्देश्वरी प्रसाद मंडल की जीवनी- Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal Biography In Hindi|url=https://www.newstrend.news/339989/bindeshwari-prasad-mandal-biography-hindi/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Newstrend|language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=In Bihar, the importance of being Nitish Kumar|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/in-bihar-the-importance-of-being-nitish-kumar/story-L9PKYIYnykA7FWPEPrVpsN.html|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> He was the third son of Zamindar Babu Ras Bihari Lal Mandal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=मंडल रिपोर्ट ने बदली थी राजनीति की दिशा|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/madhepura/849306|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|language=hi}}</ref>
 
==List of Zamindars==
* '''Babu Sri Panchanan Mandal''' was the first chieftain of Murho. He had two sons, of whom the eldest son Paraw Mandal became his successor.
* '''Babu Paraw Mandal''', He had five sons named Indrajit Mandal, Miterjit Mandal, Ramdhan Mandal, Gurdayal Mandal and Ramdayal Mandal.
* '''Babu Ramdayal Mandal''' became next chief of Zamindari. He had two sons Raghuvardayal and Kishundayal Mandal.
* '''Babu Raghuvardayal Mandal''' became  head of zamindari estate in mid 19th century.
* [[Rash Bihari Lal Mandal|Babu Rash Bihari lal Mandal]] (1880-1918), He had three sons, Bhuvneshwari Pd. Mandal, Kamleshwari Pd. Mandal and Bindheshwari Pd. Mandal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalikinkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Mandal |title=History of the Freedom Movement in Bihar |date=1957 |publisher=Government of Bihar |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Babu Bhuvneshwari Prasad Mandal''', he took control of zamindari estate after the death of his father Rash Bihari Lal in 1918. He was member of Bihar-Orissa legislative council in 1924.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sewak |first=Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlxuAAAAMAAJ&q=Babu+Bhuvaneshwari+prasad+mandal |title=History of Bihar Between the Two World Wars, 1919-1939 |date=1985 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0083-3 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Babu Kamleshwari Prasad Mandal''', he was member of Bihar legislative council in 1937.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&dq=kamleshwari+prasad+mandal&pg=PT206 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OghDAAAAYAAJ&q=kamleshwari+prasad+mandal |title=Proceedings |date=1995 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDUjw2kFwvIC&q=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6&pg=PA90 |title=Bihar men samajik parivartan ke kuchh ayam |date=2001 |publisher=Vani Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7055-755-5 |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[B. P. Mandal|Babu Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal]], Former Chief Minister of Bihar and Chairman of Backward Classes Commission.


==Murho Picture Gallery==
==Murho Picture Gallery==
Line 52: Line 82:


[[Category:Zamindari estates]]
[[Category:Zamindari estates]]
[[Category:Zamindars of Madhepura]]
[[Category:Ahir]]
[[Category:Bihari Ahirs]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Members of the All-India Yadav Mahasabha]]
{{India-hist-stub}}

Revision as of 23:13, 2 June 2022


The Murho Estate[1] was a Chieftaincy and later a Zamindari (estate)[2] of Yadav (Ahir)[3] in erstwhile Bhagalpur district of Bihar (now in Madhepura district).[4][5][6]

Murho Estate
1700–1949
Common languagesMaithili,
Hindi
GovernmentZamindari Estate
Zamindar 
• Unknown
Babu Panchanan Mandal (first)
• 1941–1949
Babu Bindhyeshwari Prasad Mandal (last)
History 
• Established
1700
• Acceded to India
1949
CurrencyIndian Rupee
 Succeeded by
Dominion of India
Today part ofBihar,
Republic of India
Babu Ras Bihari Lal Mandal, Zamindar Of Murho Estate.[7]
Rai Bahadur Keshav Prasad Mandal, Honorary Megistrate and Zamindar of Murho-Ranipatti Estate.

The name of the estate derives from a Murho village of Madhepura District.[8][9] Members of the Murho family were very big landlords of the Kosi division.[10]

History

The Murho Zamindari (Estate) was ruled by Majhraut Clan Of Yadava.[11] It was the largest and respected zamindari estate of Kosi region (Bihar).[12][13]

Rash Bihari Lal Mandal

Main article: Rash Bihari Lal Mandal
Babu Rash Bihari Lal Mandal

Babu Rasbihari Lal was an ardent freedom fighter, philanthropist and social reformer.[14] According to litterateur Dr. Bhupendra Narayan Madhepuri, Rasbihari Babu was scholarly in many languages like Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Bengali, English, French and Sanskrit.[15]

Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal

Main article: B.P. Mandal
Babu B.P. Mandal, Charmain of Mandal Commission and Ex Chief Minister Of Bihar.

Chairman of Mandal Commission and former Chief Minister of Bihar, Babu B.P. Mandal was born in Murho raj family.[16][17][18] He was the third son of Zamindar Babu Ras Bihari Lal Mandal.[19]

List of Zamindars

  • Babu Sri Panchanan Mandal was the first chieftain of Murho. He had two sons, of whom the eldest son Paraw Mandal became his successor.
  • Babu Paraw Mandal, He had five sons named Indrajit Mandal, Miterjit Mandal, Ramdhan Mandal, Gurdayal Mandal and Ramdayal Mandal.
  • Babu Ramdayal Mandal became next chief of Zamindari. He had two sons Raghuvardayal and Kishundayal Mandal.
  • Babu Raghuvardayal Mandal became head of zamindari estate in mid 19th century.
  • Babu Rash Bihari lal Mandal (1880-1918), He had three sons, Bhuvneshwari Pd. Mandal, Kamleshwari Pd. Mandal and Bindheshwari Pd. Mandal.[20]
  • Babu Bhuvneshwari Prasad Mandal, he took control of zamindari estate after the death of his father Rash Bihari Lal in 1918. He was member of Bihar-Orissa legislative council in 1924.[21]
  • Babu Kamleshwari Prasad Mandal, he was member of Bihar legislative council in 1937.[22][23][24]
  • Babu Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal, Former Chief Minister of Bihar and Chairman of Backward Classes Commission.

Murho Picture Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Department, Bengal (India) Revenue (1909). Report on the Administration of the Wards, Attached and Trust Estates.
  2. ↑ Department, Bengal (India) Revenue (1909). Report on the Administration of the Wards, Attached and Trust Estates.
  3. ↑ "A village that symbolises Bihar". www.rediff.com. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  4. ↑ Revenue, Bihar and Orissa (India) Board of (1912). Report on Wards', Encumbered, Trust and Attached Estates in the Province of Bihar and Orissa.
  5. ↑ IshIoRNP-BKC.
  6. ↑ Śāstrī, Mahendra Nārāyaṇa Paṅkaja (1994). Apamāna (in हिन्दी). Tūlikā Prakāśana.
  7. ↑ "बाबू रासबिहारी लाल मंडल की पुण्यतिथि मनी". Hindustan (in hindi). Retrieved 8 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ↑ Datta, Kalikinkar (1957). History of the Freedom Movement in Bihar. Government of Bihar.
  9. ↑ "Pin Code: MURHO, MADHEPURA, BIHAR, India, Pincode.net.in". pincode.net.in. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  10. ↑ Witsoe, Jeffrey (5 November 2013). Democracy against Development: Lower-Caste Politics and Political Modernity in Postcolonial India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-06350-8.
  11. ↑ Bihar (India); Choudhury, Pranab Chandra Roy (1957). Bihar District Gazetteers: Bhagalpur. Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar.
  12. ↑ Bihar men samajik parivartan ke kuchh ayam (in हिन्दी). Vani Prakashan. 2001. ISBN 978-81-7055-755-5.
  13. ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh (1998). India's Communities: H - M. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
  14. ↑ Editor-in-Chief (25 August 2020). "प्रखर स्वतंत्रता सेनानी रासबिहारी मण्डल की पुण्यतिथि पर "द रिपब्लिकन टाइम्स" की अतिथि संपादक प्रसन्ना सिंह राठौर की ✍️ से एक खास प्रस्तुति..." Republican Times. Retrieved 12 February 2022. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  15. ↑ "बाबू रासबिहारी लाल मंडल की पुण्यतिथि मनी". Hindustan (in hindi). Retrieved 8 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  16. ↑ Sinha, Arun (2011). Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-670-08459-3.
  17. ↑ "बिन्देश्वरी प्रसाद मंडल की जीवनी- Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal Biography In Hindi". Newstrend (in हिन्दी). 10 April 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  18. ↑ "In Bihar, the importance of being Nitish Kumar". Hindustan Times. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  19. ↑ "मंडल रिपोर्ट ने बदली थी राजनीति की दिशा". Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  20. ↑ Datta, Kalikinkar (1957). History of the Freedom Movement in Bihar. Government of Bihar.
  21. ↑ Sewak, Ram (1985). History of Bihar Between the Two World Wars, 1919-1939. Inter-India Publications. ISBN 978-81-210-0083-3.
  22. ↑ Somanaboina, Simhadri; Ramagoud, Akhileshwari (15 November 2021). The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-46280-7.
  23. ↑ Congress, Indian History (1995). Proceedings. Indian History Congress.
  24. ↑ Bihar men samajik parivartan ke kuchh ayam (in हिन्दी). Vani Prakashan. 2001. ISBN 978-81-7055-755-5.
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