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| logo_caption = | | logo_caption = | ||
| logo_padding = | | logo_padding = | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| image_caption = Apollo Hospitals at MRC Nagar, Chennai | | image_caption = Apollo Hospitals at MRC Nagar, Chennai | ||
| type = [[Public company|Public]] | | type = [[Public company|Public]] | ||
| traded_as = {{BSE|508869}} | | traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{BSE|508869}}|{{NSE|APOLLOHOSP}}|[[NIFTY 50|NSE NIFTY 50 Constituent]]}} | ||
| ISIN = INE437A01024 | | ISIN = INE437A01024 | ||
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = --> | | successor = <!-- or: | successors = --> | ||
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| defunct = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | | defunct = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | ||
| fate = | | fate = | ||
| hq_location = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]] | | hq_location = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] | ||
| hq_location_city = | | hq_location_city = | ||
| hq_location_country = | | hq_location_country = India | ||
| num_locations = | | num_locations = | ||
| key_people = {{ubl | | key_people = {{ubl | ||
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| [[Shobana Kamineni]] (Executive Vice Chairperson) | | [[Shobana Kamineni]] (Executive Vice Chairperson) | ||
| Suneeta Reddy (Managing Director) | | Suneeta Reddy (Managing Director) | ||
| [[Sangita Reddy]] (Joint Managing Director)<ref name="Apollo_01">https://www.apollohospitals.com/corporate/apollo-management</ref> | | [[Sangita Reddy]] (Joint Managing Director)<ref name="Apollo_01">{{Cite web|url=https://www.apollohospitals.com/corporate/apollo-management|title = Our Experienced Management Team - Apollo Hospitals Group}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
| num_locations_year = <!-- Year of num_locations data (when known) --> | | num_locations_year = <!-- Year of num_locations data (when known) --> | ||
| industry = [[Healthcare]] | | industry = [[Healthcare]] | ||
| products = [[Hospitals]], [[pharmacy]], [[Medical diagnosis|diagnostic centres]] | | products = [[Hospitals]], [[pharmacy]], [[Medical diagnosis|diagnostic centres]], [[home care]] | ||
| services = | | services = | ||
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|11273|c}} (2020)<ref name="Financials">{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/hospitalsmedical-services/apollohospitalsenterprises/AHE|title=Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd. Financial Statements |website=moneycontrol.com}}</ref> | | revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|11273|c}} (2020)<ref name="Financials">{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/hospitalsmedical-services/apollohospitalsenterprises/AHE|title=Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd. Financial Statements |website=moneycontrol.com}}</ref> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited''' is an Indian multinational [[healthcare]] group headquartered in [[Chennai]]. Apart from the eponymous [[List of hospitals in India|hospital chain]], the company also operates [[pharmacy|pharmacies]], [[primary care]] and [[diagnosis|diagnostic]] centres, and [[telehealth]] clinics through its subsidiaries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Somvanshi |first1=Kiran Kabtta |title=Apollo Hospitals adds to Nifty defensiveness |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/apollo-hospitals-adds-to-nifty-defensiveness/articleshow/89881353.cms |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=28 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
The company was founded by [[Prathap C. Reddy]] in 1983 as the first corporate healthcare provider in India. Several of Apollo's hospitals have been among the first in India to receive [[international healthcare accreditation]] by the America-based [[Joint Commission International]] (JCI)<ref>{{cite web|title=Accreditation for 3 Apollo Hospital branches|date=10 May 2006|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/10/stories/2006051003181300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628205820/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/10/stories/2006051003181300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 June 2006|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 November 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/about-jci/jci-accredited-organizations/|title=Joint Commission International Organizations|website=JCI|access-date=21 June 2020}}</ref> as well as [[National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers|NABH]] accreditation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nabh.co/frmViewAccreditedHosp.aspx|title=Appolo Hospitals accreditation|website=NABH}}</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
{{expand section|date=March 2022}} | |||
It was founded by [[Prathap C. Reddy]] in 1983 as the first corporate health care in India. The first branch at Chennai was inaugurated by the then President of India [[Zail Singh]]. {{ | It was founded by [[Prathap C. Reddy]] in 1983 as the first corporate health care in India. The first branch at Chennai was inaugurated by the then President of India [[Zail Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited |url=https://www.ibef.org/industry/healthcare-india/showcase/apollo-hospitals |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=www.ibef.org}}</ref> | ||
Apollo developed [[telemedicine]] services, after starting a pilot project in 2000 at [[Aragonda]], Prathap Reddy's home village.<ref>{{cite news|title=Telemedicine puts AP village on health map|work=The Indian Express|date=7 September 2005}} accessed at {{cite web|website=Inia Empored|url=http://www.indiaempowered.com/full_story.php?content_id%3D77670 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021082249/http://www.indiaempowered.com/full_story.php?content_id=77670 |archive-date=21 October 2006}} 11 November 2006</ref> | |||
In December 2012, Apollo Hospitals sold its 38% stake in Apollo Health Street, the group's healthcare [[business process outsourcing]] division, to Sutherland Global Services for {{INRconvert|225|c|year=2012|mode=historical}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sutherland beats Genpact to acquire Apollo's BPO arm |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech-news/sutherland-beats-genpact-to-acquire-apollos-bpo-arm/articleshow/17572344.cms |access-date=14 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Apollo signed an [[Memorandum of understanding|MoU]] with [[Health Education England]] in April 2017 to provide a large number of doctors to fill vacancies in the English [[National Health Service (England)|National Health Service]].<ref>{{cite news|title=NHS to recruit Indian doctors to plug gaps in GP services|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/07/nhs-to-recruit-indian-doctors-to-plug-gaps-in-gp-services/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/07/nhs-to-recruit-indian-doctors-to-plug-gaps-in-gp-services/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=8 April 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=7 April 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
Apollo | In January 2020, Apollo Hospitals sold its 50.80% percent majority stake in Apollo Munich Health Insurance to [[Housing Development Finance Corporation|HDFC]] for {{INRconvert|1495|c}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=HDFC completes majority acquisition in Apollo Munich Health Insurance |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/hdfc-completes-majority-acquisition-in-apollo-munich-health-insurance-for-rs-1-495-81-crore-11578577371499.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=mint |date=9 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
[[ | From March 31, 2022, Apollo Hospitals stock got included in Nifty 50 index replacing IOCL. Its the first hospital stock to get included in Nifty Benchmark index <ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/apollo-hospitals-adds-to-nifty-defensiveness/articleshow/89881353.cms | title=Apollo Hospitals adds to Nifty defensiveness | newspaper=The Economic Times | last1=Somvanshi | first1=Kiran Kabtta }}</ref> | ||
<gallery> | |||
File:Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai.jpg|Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai | |||
File:Apollo Hospital Indraprastha.jpg|[[Apollo Hospital, Indraprastha|Indraprastha Apollo Hospital]], Delhi | |||
File:Apollo Hospitals Bengaluru.jpg|Apollo Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore | |||
File:Apollo_Hospitals,_Visakhapatnam.jpg|Apollo Hospitals, Visakhapatnam | |||
File:Apollo Hospital Dhaka 2014.jpg|Apollo Hospitals, Dhaka | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Subsidiaries== | |||
===Apollo HealthCo=== | |||
Apollo HealthCo was formed in 2021 with the merger of the group's non-hospital pharmacy chain Apollo Pharmacy and its digital healthcare business known as Apollo 24/7.<ref>{{cite news |title=Apollo Hospitals launches healthcare platform Apollo HealthCo |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/apollo-hospitals-launches-healthcare-platform-apollo-healthco/article34938728.ece |access-date=26 March 2022 |work= The Hindu Business Line |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*Apollo Pharmacy – Apollo Pharmacy is the largest retail pharmacy chain in India with more than 4000 outlets in over 21 states.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Babu |first1=Gireesh |title=Apollo Pharmacy bets on large stores |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/apollo-pharmacy-bets-on-large-stores-112080300067_1.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Apollo Pharmacy opens 3,000th outlet|work=Business Standard|date=31 March 2018|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/apollo-pharmacy-opens-3-000th-outlet-118033100427_1.html}}</ref> It was started in 1987.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apollo Pharmacy, India's largest retail pharmacy chain|work=Bio Voice|date=2 April 2018|url=https://www.biovoicenews.com/apollo-pharmacy-indias-largest-retail-pharmacy-chain-opens-3000th-outlet/}}</ref> | |||
*Apollo 24/7 – Apollo 24/7 is the digital healthcare platform of the group which was launched in 2020. It offers [[telehealth]] consultation, online medicine ordering and delivery, and in-home diagnostics among other services.<ref>{{cite news |title=A healthy dose of digital for Apollo Hospitals |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/a-healthy-dose-of-digital-for-apollo-hospitals/105664 |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}</ref> | |||
===Apollo Health and Lifestyle=== | |||
Apollo Health and Lifestyle is the [[primary care]] arm of the group which operates [[Medical specialty|multi-specialty]] clinics under Apollo Clinics, [[Medical diagnosis|diagnostics]] and [[pathology]] labs under Apollo Diagnostics, [[diabetes]] clinics under Apollo Sugar, [[dentistry|dental]] hospitals under Apollo White, [[dialysis]] centres under Apollo Dialysis, [[surgery|surgical]] hospitals under Apollo Spectra, [[Children's hospital|women/children hospitals]] under Apollo Cradle, and [[fertility clinic]]s under Apollo Fertility.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdary |first1=Sharath |title=Apollo Health and Lifestyle to invest Rs 500 cr in expansion |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/apollo-health-and-lifestyle-to-invest-rs-500-cr-in-expansion-117032101165_1.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=25 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Apollo Hospitals to raise up to Rs 750 crore to fund expansion |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/apollo-hospitals-to-raise-up-to-rs-750-crore-to-fund-expansion-115101100156_1.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=11 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
===Apollo TeleHealth Services=== | |||
Apollo TeleHealth Services owns the [[telehealth]] network of the group, operating via a [[business-to-consumer]] model under which it offers direct services like online consultations, appointment booking, medicine delivery, among others; a [[business-to-business]] offering to corporates for their employees; and a [[business-to-government]] agreement providing telehealth services in partnership with [[Public health system in India|public health systems]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Babu |first1=Gireesh |title=Apollo TeleHealth may see realigning of consumer-facing business |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/apollo-telehealth-may-see-realigning-of-consumer-facing-business-120012900957_1.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=29 January 2020}}</ref> Established in 1999, it is headquartered in [[Hyderabad]] and has more than 100 franchised teleclinics.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jacob |first1=Shine |title=Apollo TeleHealth sees Covid boost to telemedicine; gets new BSI approval |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/apollo-telehealth-sees-covid-boost-to-telemedicine-gets-new-bsi-approval-121121000929_1.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=10 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Somasekar |first1=M. |title=Apollo TeleHealth signs MoU with TeleHealthcare Malaysia to set up 100 tele-clinics |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/apollo-telehealth-signs-mou-with-telehealthcare-malaysia-to-set-up-100-tele-clinics/article30613281.ece |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=21 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
===Research and education divisions=== | |||
* Apollo Research and Innovations is a research arm of the group which is involved in [[clinical trial]]s of drugs, medical devices, healthcare software and consumer products. It was established in 2000 and has 17 centres at hospital locations.<ref name="exosome"/> | |||
*Apollo Hospitals Education & Research Foundation is a [[non-profit]] which conducts research projects at its [[wet lab]] run by the Cell and Molecular Biology Research Centre (CMBRC) in [[liquid biopsy]], [[molecular diagnostics]], [[pharmacogenomics]] and [[Exosome (vesicle)|exosome]] technologies.<ref name="exosome">{{cite news |last1=Krishnan |first1=Gina |title=Apollo Hospitals' exosome technology detects brain cancer without biopsy |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/apollo-hospitals-exosome-technology-detects-brain-cancer-without-biospy-118070400224_1.html |access-date=14 April 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=4 July 2018}}</ref> | |||
*Apollo Medskills is a [[private-public partnership]] between Apollo Hospitals and [[National Skill Development Corporation]] started in 2012 for the development of medical skills of healthcare workforce through 40+ training institutes across the country.<ref>{{cite news|publisher = The Economic Times|title = NSDC to acquire 27% stake in Apollo Med Skills|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-18/news/31765523_1_nsdc-centum-learning-national-skill-development-corporation|date = May 18, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher = The Hindu Business Line|title = Apollo Medskills, NSDC tie up for training centres |url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/apollo-medskills-nsdc-tie-up-for-training-centres/article4382299.ece|date = February 5, 2013}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 75: | Line 108: | ||
[[Category:Hospitals in Chennai]] | [[Category:Hospitals in Chennai]] | ||
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1983]] | [[Category:Hospitals established in 1983]] | ||
[[Category:1983 establishments in Tamil Nadu]] | [[Category:1983 establishments in Tamil Nadu]] | ||
[[Category:Health care companies of India]] | [[Category:Health care companies of India]] | ||
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1983]] | [[Category:Indian companies established in 1983]] | ||
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]] | |||
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]] | |||
[[Category:NIFTY_50]] | |||
Revision as of 14:49, 30 June 2022
| Apollo Hospitals' Logo | |
| Apollo Hospitals | |
| Traded as | |
| ISIN | INE437A01024 |
| Industry | Healthcare |
| Founded | 1983 |
| Founder(s)s | Prathap C. Reddy[1] |
| Headquarters | Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |
Areas served | South Asia, Middle East |
Key people |
|
| Products | Hospitals, pharmacy, diagnostic centres, home care |
| Revenue | |
| Total assets | |
| Total equity | |
Number of employees | 62,939 (2020)[2] |
| Website | www |
Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited is an Indian multinational healthcare group headquartered in Chennai. Apart from the eponymous hospital chain, the company also operates pharmacies, primary care and diagnostic centres, and telehealth clinics through its subsidiaries.[3]
The company was founded by Prathap C. Reddy in 1983 as the first corporate healthcare provider in India. Several of Apollo's hospitals have been among the first in India to receive international healthcare accreditation by the America-based Joint Commission International (JCI)[4][5] as well as NABH accreditation.[6]
History
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2022) |
It was founded by Prathap C. Reddy in 1983 as the first corporate health care in India. The first branch at Chennai was inaugurated by the then President of India Zail Singh.[7]
Apollo developed telemedicine services, after starting a pilot project in 2000 at Aragonda, Prathap Reddy's home village.[8]
In December 2012, Apollo Hospitals sold its 38% stake in Apollo Health Street, the group's healthcare business process outsourcing division, to Sutherland Global Services for ₹225 crore (US$42.11 million).[9]
Apollo signed an MoU with Health Education England in April 2017 to provide a large number of doctors to fill vacancies in the English National Health Service.[10]
In January 2020, Apollo Hospitals sold its 50.80% percent majority stake in Apollo Munich Health Insurance to HDFC for ₹1,495 crore (US$210 million).[11]
From March 31, 2022, Apollo Hospitals stock got included in Nifty 50 index replacing IOCL. Its the first hospital stock to get included in Nifty Benchmark index [12]
-
Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai
-
Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi
-
Apollo Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore
-
Apollo Hospitals, Visakhapatnam
-
Apollo Hospitals, Dhaka
Subsidiaries
Apollo HealthCo
Apollo HealthCo was formed in 2021 with the merger of the group's non-hospital pharmacy chain Apollo Pharmacy and its digital healthcare business known as Apollo 24/7.[13]
- Apollo Pharmacy – Apollo Pharmacy is the largest retail pharmacy chain in India with more than 4000 outlets in over 21 states.[14][15] It was started in 1987.[16]
- Apollo 24/7 – Apollo 24/7 is the digital healthcare platform of the group which was launched in 2020. It offers telehealth consultation, online medicine ordering and delivery, and in-home diagnostics among other services.[17]
Apollo Health and Lifestyle
Apollo Health and Lifestyle is the primary care arm of the group which operates multi-specialty clinics under Apollo Clinics, diagnostics and pathology labs under Apollo Diagnostics, diabetes clinics under Apollo Sugar, dental hospitals under Apollo White, dialysis centres under Apollo Dialysis, surgical hospitals under Apollo Spectra, women/children hospitals under Apollo Cradle, and fertility clinics under Apollo Fertility.[18][19]
Apollo TeleHealth Services
Apollo TeleHealth Services owns the telehealth network of the group, operating via a business-to-consumer model under which it offers direct services like online consultations, appointment booking, medicine delivery, among others; a business-to-business offering to corporates for their employees; and a business-to-government agreement providing telehealth services in partnership with public health systems.[20] Established in 1999, it is headquartered in Hyderabad and has more than 100 franchised teleclinics.[21][22]
Research and education divisions
- Apollo Research and Innovations is a research arm of the group which is involved in clinical trials of drugs, medical devices, healthcare software and consumer products. It was established in 2000 and has 17 centres at hospital locations.[23]
- Apollo Hospitals Education & Research Foundation is a non-profit which conducts research projects at its wet lab run by the Cell and Molecular Biology Research Centre (CMBRC) in liquid biopsy, molecular diagnostics, pharmacogenomics and exosome technologies.[23]
- Apollo Medskills is a private-public partnership between Apollo Hospitals and National Skill Development Corporation started in 2012 for the development of medical skills of healthcare workforce through 40+ training institutes across the country.[24][25]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Our Experienced Management Team - Apollo Hospitals Group".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd. Financial Statements". moneycontrol.com.
- ↑ Somvanshi, Kiran Kabtta (28 February 2022). "Apollo Hospitals adds to Nifty defensiveness". The Economic Times. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ "Accreditation for 3 Apollo Hospital branches". The Hindu. 10 May 2006. Archived from the original on 28 June 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
- ↑ "Joint Commission International Organizations". JCI. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ↑ "Appolo Hospitals accreditation". NABH.
- ↑ "Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited". www.ibef.org. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ↑ "Telemedicine puts AP village on health map". The Indian Express. 7 September 2005. accessed at "Archived copy". Inia Empored. Archived from the original on 21 October 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 11 November 2006 - ↑ "Sutherland beats Genpact to acquire Apollo's BPO arm". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
- ↑ "NHS to recruit Indian doctors to plug gaps in GP services". The Daily Telegraph. 7 April 2016. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
- ↑ "HDFC completes majority acquisition in Apollo Munich Health Insurance". mint. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ Somvanshi, Kiran Kabtta. "Apollo Hospitals adds to Nifty defensiveness". The Economic Times.
- ↑ "Apollo Hospitals launches healthcare platform Apollo HealthCo". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ Babu, Gireesh (3 August 2012). "Apollo Pharmacy bets on large stores". Business Standard India. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ "Apollo Pharmacy opens 3,000th outlet". Business Standard. 31 March 2018.
- ↑ "Apollo Pharmacy, India's largest retail pharmacy chain". Bio Voice. 2 April 2018.
- ↑ "A healthy dose of digital for Apollo Hospitals". www.fortuneindia.com. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ Chowdary, Sharath (25 March 2017). "Apollo Health and Lifestyle to invest Rs 500 cr in expansion". Business Standard India. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ "Apollo Hospitals to raise up to Rs 750 crore to fund expansion". Business Standard India. 11 October 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ Babu, Gireesh (29 January 2020). "Apollo TeleHealth may see realigning of consumer-facing business". Business Standard India. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ Jacob, Shine (10 December 2021). "Apollo TeleHealth sees Covid boost to telemedicine; gets new BSI approval". Business Standard India. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ Somasekar, M. (21 January 2020). "Apollo TeleHealth signs MoU with TeleHealthcare Malaysia to set up 100 tele-clinics". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Krishnan, Gina (4 July 2018). "Apollo Hospitals' exosome technology detects brain cancer without biopsy". Business Standard India. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
- ↑ "NSDC to acquire 27% stake in Apollo Med Skills". The Economic Times. 18 May 2012.
- ↑ "Apollo Medskills, NSDC tie up for training centres". The Hindu Business Line. 5 February 2013.
Further reading
- Rama V. Baru (11 November 2006). "Privatisation and corporatisation, 2000:paper 489". Seminar Publications, New Delhi.
External links
{{URL|example.com|optional display text}}



