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|caste_name=Kammalar
|caste_name=Kammalar
|languages=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|languages=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|religions=[[Hinduism]]
|religions=[[Hinduism]], [[Christian]]
|related=[[Tamils]], [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]
|related=[[Tamils]], [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]
|subdivisions={{unbulleted list
|subdivisions={{unbulleted list
| Thachar
| Thachar
| Karthachar
| Karthachar
| Thattar
| Tharar
| Kollar
| Kollar
| Kannar
| Kannar
Line 16: Line 16:
}}
}}


The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2017|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq|title=Sri Lanka, a country study|last=Nyrop|first=Richard F.|last2=Studies|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area|last3=Army|first3=United States Dept of the|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army|year=1986|pages=108}}</ref> kammalar's are classified and listed as backward class by both central government of India and State government of Tamil Nadu [http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm]
The '''Kammalar''' (கம்மாளர்) is a [[Tamils|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2017|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tarar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ|title=Sri Lanka, a country study|last1=Nyrop|first1=Richard F.|last2=Studies|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area|last3=Army|first3=United States Dept of the|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army|year=1986|pages=108}}</ref> kammalar's are classified and listed as backward class by both central government of India and State government of Tamil Nadu [http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm]
They worship various forms of this deity and follow five [[Vedas]]{{mdash}}[[Rigveda]], [[Yajurveda]], [[Samaveda]], [[Atharvaveda]], and [[Fifth Veda|Pranava Veda]].<ref>"The Panchals are the followers of the five Vedas, the fifth being Pranava Veda."{{cite book|last=Karnataka (India)|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum|year=1987|publisher=Printed by the Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Govt. Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Lm1AAAAIAAJ}}</ref>.The king who built [[Ancient Thanjai peruvudaiyar temple]] is "[[Raja raja kunjaramallar]]" belongs to kammalar(Achari).The freedom fighter "[[K.s.muthuswamy achari]]" belongs to this community."Kammalars" are backbone of India who turned all around the world to "Indian culture & literature".Many histories are hidden by some community peoples which belongs to Kammalar(kammiyar).
They worship various forms of this deity.


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
The word Kammalar is derived from the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] word ''Kam'' meaning "art" or "operation".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?&id=Fe0vAAAAIAAJ&dq|title=Early South Indian Paleography|last=Mahalingam|first=T. V.|date=1967|publisher=University of Madras|pages=223|language=en}}</ref> The Kammalar finds mention in ancient [[Sangam literature]], mentioning them by the name ''Kammiyar.'' <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAVuAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Studies in Indian history: with special reference to Tamil Nādu|last=Pillay|first=Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi|date=1979|publisher=Pillay|pages=340|language=en}}</ref> Their name is said to be derived from the phrase "one who gives the eyes", referring to their providing the eyes for statues of [[Deity|deities]].<ref name="Longo2000">{{cite book|author=Bernadette Longo|title=Spurious coin: a history of science, management, and technical writing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMjTOVfz_fAC&pg=PA160|access-date=24 May 2011|date=May 2000|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-4556-3|pages=160–}}</ref>
The word Kammalar is derived from the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] word ''Kam'' meaning "art" or "operation".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fe0vAAAAIAAJ|title=Early South Indian Paleography|last=Mahalingam|first=T. V.|date=1967|publisher=University of Madras|pages=223|language=en}}</ref> The Kammalar finds mention in ancient [[Sangam literature]], mentioning them by the name ''Kammiyar.'' <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAVuAAAAMAAJ|title=Studies in Indian history: with special reference to Tamil Nādu|last=Pillay|first=Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi|date=1979|publisher=Pillay|pages=340|language=en}}</ref> Their name is said to be derived from the phrase "one who gives the eyes", referring to their providing the eyes for statues of [[Deity|deities]].<ref name="Longo2000">{{cite book|author=Bernadette Longo|title=Spurious coin: a history of science, management, and technical writing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMjTOVfz_fAC&pg=PA160|access-date=24 May 2011|date=May 2000|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-4556-3|pages=160–}}</ref>


== Synonyms ==
== Synonyms ==
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In [[Tamil Nadu]], Tamil Achari is known as ''Tamil Kammalars''. They are goldsmiths and landlords.
In [[Tamil Nadu]], Tamil Achari is known as ''Tamil Kammalars''. They are goldsmiths and landlords.


The Pather (Kammalar) community in [[Nachiyar Koil]] town of [[Tamil Nadu]] are renowned for making the ornamental brass [[Nachiarkoil lamp]]s.<ref name=nachiar1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71543906.cms PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp], Times of India, 11 october 2019.</ref>
The Pather (Kammalar) community in [[Nachiyar Koil]] town of Tamil Nadu are renowned for making the ornamental brass [[Nachiarkoil lamp]]s.<ref name=nachiar1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71543906.cms PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp], Times of India, 11 october 2019.</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Tamils|India|Hinduism}}
* [[Caste system in India]]
* [[Caste system in India]]
* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]
* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]

Revision as of 20:20, 23 July 2023

Kammalar
ReligionsHinduism, Christian
LanguagesTamil
Subdivisions
  • Thachar
  • Karthachar
  • Tharar
  • Kollar
  • Kannar
Related groupsTamils, Sri Lankan Tamils

The Kammalar (கம்மாளர்) is a Tamil caste group found in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in northeastern part of Sri Lanka. The Kammalars are involved in crafting.[1] Kammalar is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tarar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).[1][2] kammalar's are classified and listed as backward class by both central government of India and State government of Tamil Nadu [1] They worship various forms of this deity.

Etymology

The word Kammalar is derived from the Tamil word Kam meaning "art" or "operation".[3] The Kammalar finds mention in ancient Sangam literature, mentioning them by the name Kammiyar. [4] Their name is said to be derived from the phrase "one who gives the eyes", referring to their providing the eyes for statues of deities.[5]

Synonyms

Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka

In Tamil Nadu, Tamil Achari is known as Tamil Kammalars. They are goldsmiths and landlords.

The Pather (Kammalar) community in Nachiyar Koil town of Tamil Nadu are renowned for making the ornamental brass Nachiarkoil lamps.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 107, 184. ISBN 978-1-53810-686-0.
  2. ↑ Nyrop, Richard F.; Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Army, United States Dept of the (1986). Sri Lanka, a country study. US Government, Dept. of the Army. p. 108.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ Mahalingam, T. V. (1967). Early South Indian Paleography. University of Madras. p. 223.
  4. ↑ Pillay, Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi (1979). Studies in Indian history: with special reference to Tamil Nādu. Pillay. p. 340.
  5. ↑ Bernadette Longo (May 2000). Spurious coin: a history of science, management, and technical writing. SUNY Press. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-0-7914-4556-3. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  6. ↑ PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp, Times of India, 11 october 2019.


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