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{{Short description|Earthquake in India}} | |||
{{Infobox earthquake | {{Infobox earthquake | ||
| isc-event = 620343980 | | isc-event = 620343980 | ||
| magnitude = {{M|w|link=y}} | | magnitude = 6.0 {{M|w|link=y}}<ref name="USGS">{{cite web |title=M 6.0 - 9 km NNW of Dhekiajuli, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000dy3b/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> | ||
| local-time = 07:51 [[Time in India|(IST)]] | | local-time = 07:51 [[Time in India|(IST)]] | ||
| location = 26. | | location = {{Coord|26.781|N|92.457|E}} | ||
| anss-url = https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000dy3b/ | | anss-url = https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000dy3b/ | ||
| name = 2021 Assam earthquake | | name = 2021 Assam earthquake | ||
| timestamp = 2021-04-28 02:21:26 | | timestamp = 2021-04-28 02:21:26 | ||
| | | map2 ={{Location map|India Assam#India | ||
|lat=26.77 | |||
}} | |long=92.43 | ||
|mark=Bullseye1.png | |||
|marksize=50 | |||
|position=top | |||
|width=260 | |||
|caption= | |||
|relief=yes | |||
|label=}} | |||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| depth = 34 km (21 | | depth = 34.0 km (21.1 mi) | ||
| intensity = {{MMI|VII}} | | intensity = {{MMI|VII}} | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| local-date = 2021 | | local-date = 28 April 2021 | ||
| aftershocks = | | aftershocks = Several. The strongest so far is a {{M|w}} 4.7<ref>{{cite web |title=Explained: In Assam earthquake, reminder of seismic hazard along HFT faultline|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-in-assam-earthquake-reminder-of-seismic-hazard-along-hft-faultline-7292770/ |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> | ||
| fault = Kopili Fault | | fault = Kopili Fault | ||
| casualties = 2 dead, 12 injured | | casualties = 2 dead, 12 injured | ||
| Line 21: | Line 29: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''2021 Assam earthquake''' struck 11 km (7 miles) away from [[Assam|Dhekiajuli, Assam, India]] at 07:51 [[Time in India|(IST)]] on April 28, 2021 with a richter scale magnitude of 6.4.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=Northeast India hit by magnitude 6.4 earthquake|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-earthquake-today-assam-latest-b1838656.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428175455/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-earthquake-today-assam-latest-b1838656.html |archive-date=2021-04-28 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> The quake struck at a depth of 34 km (21 miles), 140 km (86 miles) north of the main city of [[Guwahati]]. It resulted in two fatalities and at least 12 injuries. | |||
==Tectonic setting== | ==Tectonic setting== | ||
The tectonics of the Assam region is dominated by convergence of the India, Burma and Eurasian plates. Major fault structures like the [[Main Frontal Thrust]], Main Boundary Thrust and [[Main Central Thrust]], all splay branches of the [[Main Himalayan Thrust]], accommodate the shortening rate as India is pushing into Asia. The large 8.6 {{M|w}} [[1950 | The tectonics of the Assam region is dominated by convergence of the India, Burma and Eurasian plates. Major fault structures like the [[Main Frontal Thrust]], Main Boundary Thrust and [[Main Central Thrust]], all splay branches of the [[Main Himalayan Thrust]], accommodate the shortening rate as India is pushing into Asia. The large 8.6 {{M|w}} [[1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake|Assam–Tibet earthquake]] in 1950 was a megathrust earthquake that resulted from a rupture along the Main Himalayan Thrust and Main Frontal Thrust. | ||
== Earthquake == | == Earthquake == | ||
[[File:2021-04-28 Dhekiajuli, India M6 earthquake | [[File:2021-04-28 Dhekiajuli, India M6 earthquake shakemap (USGS).jpg|right|thumb|Earthquake Intensity Map]] | ||
The earthquake occurred as a result of oblique-slip faulting at a shallow depth just at the foothills of the Himalayas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Assam Earthquake: 6.4 magnitude quake, 7 aftershocks jolt Northeast, tremors felt in Bengal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/earthquake-in-northeast-tremors-felt-in-assam-north-bengal-arunachal-pradesh-1795696-2021-04-28 |publisher=[[India Today]] |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of National Center of Seismology|url=https://seismo.gov.in/MIS/riseq/interactive/index/ZVNoMWsrTTlhMEZUUXN1UEgxbUcxUT09/Reviewed|access-date=2021-05-03|website=seismo.gov.in}}</ref> Analysis by India's [[National Centre for Seismology]] revealed that the earthquake involved slip along the Kopili Fault, near the [[Main Frontal Thrust]].<ref name="BB">{{cite news |last1=Chakravartty |first1=Anupam |title=Assam earthquake: Known to cause deadly tremors, Kopili fault eludes experts |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2021/04/29/assam-earthquake-known-to-cause-deadly-tremors-kopili-fault-eludes-experts/ |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=EastMojo |date=29 April 2021}}</ref> This is a northeast striking fault structure that runs from east of the Shillong Plateau, through the Assam Valley and into Bhutan for a total estimated length of 300 km, and a width of 30 km.<ref name="AA">{{cite journal |last1=Kayal, J., Arefiev, S., Baruah, S., Tatevossian, R., Gogoi, N., Sanoujam, M., Gautam, J.L., Hazarika, D., & Borah, D. |title=The 2009 Bhutan and Assam felt earthquakes (Mw 6.3 and 5.1) at the Kopili fault in the northeast Himalaya region |journal=Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk |date=2010 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=273-281 |doi=10.1080/19475705.2010.486561|doi-access=free }}</ref> Its predominant slip sense is right-lateral strike-slip.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kharita |first1=Akash |title=Strong earthquake jolts Assam |url=https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/strong-earthquake-jolts-assam-12692/ |website=Temblor |access-date=15 May 2021 |doi=10.32858/temblor.171}}</ref> | The earthquake occurred as a result of oblique-slip faulting at a shallow depth just at the foothills of the Himalayas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Assam Earthquake: 6.4 magnitude quake, 7 aftershocks jolt Northeast, tremors felt in Bengal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/earthquake-in-northeast-tremors-felt-in-assam-north-bengal-arunachal-pradesh-1795696-2021-04-28 |publisher=[[India Today]] |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of National Center of Seismology|url=https://seismo.gov.in/MIS/riseq/interactive/index/ZVNoMWsrTTlhMEZUUXN1UEgxbUcxUT09/Reviewed|access-date=2021-05-03|website=seismo.gov.in}}</ref> Analysis by India's [[National Centre for Seismology]] revealed that the earthquake involved slip along the Kopili Fault, near the [[Main Frontal Thrust]].<ref name="BB">{{cite news |last1=Chakravartty |first1=Anupam |title=Assam earthquake: Known to cause deadly tremors, Kopili fault eludes experts |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2021/04/29/assam-earthquake-known-to-cause-deadly-tremors-kopili-fault-eludes-experts/ |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=EastMojo |date=29 April 2021}}</ref> This is a northeast striking fault structure that runs from east of the Shillong Plateau, through the Assam Valley and into Bhutan for a total estimated length of 300 km, and a width of 30 km.<ref name="AA">{{cite journal |last1=Kayal, J., Arefiev, S., Baruah, S., Tatevossian, R., Gogoi, N., Sanoujam, M., Gautam, J.L., Hazarika, D., & Borah, D. |title=The 2009 Bhutan and Assam felt earthquakes (Mw 6.3 and 5.1) at the Kopili fault in the northeast Himalaya region |journal=Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk |date=2010 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=273-281 |doi=10.1080/19475705.2010.486561|doi-access=free }}</ref> Its predominant slip sense is right-lateral strike-slip.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kharita |first1=Akash |title=Strong earthquake jolts Assam |url=https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/strong-earthquake-jolts-assam-12692/ |website=Temblor |access-date=15 May 2021 |doi=10.32858/temblor.171}}</ref> | ||
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== Impact == | == Impact == | ||
The earthquake caused moderate but widespread damage to nearby buildings, but no collapses were reported.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=Quake of magnitude 6 strikes India's Assam, damages some buildings|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/magnitude-62-earthquake-strikes-assam-india-emsc-2021-04-28/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Reuters}}</ref> Among the buildings affected was a multi-story structure in Nagaon which tilted to its side and leaned against an adjacent building. Cracks also appeared in the walls of homes and commercial buildings. A few vehicles were damaged when bricks fell on them.<ref>{{cite news |title=From damage caused to relief operations, Assam earthquake explained in 10 points |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/damage-caused-relief-operations-assam-earthquake-1796077-2021-04-29 |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=India Today |date=29 April 2021 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> Landslides and liquefaction of the ground were reported in Assam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cracked roads, tilted buildings: Assam earthquake captured in scary photos, videos |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/massive-earthquake-assam-buildings-damaged-walls-cracked-photos-videos-1795765-2021-04-28 |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=India Today |date=28 April 2021 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> Damage to buildings were also reported in nearby Bhutan, and two individuals were injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=Earthquake causes structural damage |url=https://kuenselonline.com/earthquake-causes-structural-damage/ |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=kuenselonline.com}}</ref> Two people in the Kamrup Metro and Nagaon districts died of heart attacks caused by the earthquake while | The earthquake caused moderate but widespread damage to nearby buildings, but no collapses were reported.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=Quake of magnitude 6 strikes India's Assam, damages some buildings|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/magnitude-62-earthquake-strikes-assam-india-emsc-2021-04-28/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Reuters}}</ref> Among the buildings affected was a multi-story structure in Nagaon which tilted to its side and leaned against an adjacent building. Cracks also appeared in the walls of homes and commercial buildings. A few vehicles were damaged when bricks fell on them.<ref>{{cite news |title=From damage caused to relief operations, Assam earthquake explained in 10 points |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/damage-caused-relief-operations-assam-earthquake-1796077-2021-04-29 |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=India Today |date=29 April 2021 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> Landslides and liquefaction of the ground were reported in Assam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cracked roads, tilted buildings: Assam earthquake captured in scary photos, videos |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/massive-earthquake-assam-buildings-damaged-walls-cracked-photos-videos-1795765-2021-04-28 |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=India Today |date=28 April 2021 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> Damage to buildings were also reported in nearby Bhutan, and two individuals were injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=Earthquake causes structural damage |url=https://kuenselonline.com/earthquake-causes-structural-damage/ |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=kuenselonline.com}}</ref> Two people in the Kamrup Metro and Nagaon districts died of heart attacks caused by the earthquake while 12 others suffered injuries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saha |first1=Abhishek |title=Assam earthquake: At least 10 injured, houses damaged |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-bengal-earthquake-7291892/ |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=The Indian Express |date=29 April 2021 |location=Guwahati}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Two die of shock after 6.4 magnitude quake in Assam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/earthquake-of-magnitude-64-strikes-assam/article34427787.ece |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=The Hindu |date=28 April 2021}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{Portal|India|Earth sciences}} | |||
*[[List of earthquakes in 2021]] | *[[List of earthquakes in 2021]] | ||
*[[List of earthquakes in India]] | *[[List of earthquakes in India]] | ||
| Line 45: | Line 54: | ||
{{Earthquakes in India}} | {{Earthquakes in India}} | ||
{{Himalayan earthquakes}} | {{Himalayan earthquakes}} | ||
[[Category:2021 earthquakes]] | [[Category:2021 earthquakes]] | ||
| Line 53: | Line 60: | ||
[[Category:Earthquakes in Bhutan]] | [[Category:Earthquakes in Bhutan]] | ||
[[Category:2021 disasters in India]] | [[Category:2021 disasters in India]] | ||
[[Category:2021 earthquakes in Asia]] | |||
Revision as of 11:36, 2 July 2022
   | |
| UTC time | 2021-04-28 02:21:26 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 620343980 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | 28 April 2021 |
| Local time | 07:51 (IST) |
| Magnitude | 6.0 Mw[1] |
| Depth | 34.0 km (21.1 mi) |
| Epicenter | 26°46′52″N 92°27′25″E / 26.781°N 92.457°E |
| Fault | Kopili Fault |
| Areas affected | Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Bhutan, and India |
| Max. intensity | VII (Very strong) |
| Aftershocks | Several. The strongest so far is a Mw 4.7[2] |
| Casualties | 2 dead, 12 injured |
The 2021 Assam earthquake struck 11 km (7 miles) away from Dhekiajuli, Assam, India at 07:51 (IST) on April 28, 2021 with a richter scale magnitude of 6.4.[3] The quake struck at a depth of 34 km (21 miles), 140 km (86 miles) north of the main city of Guwahati. It resulted in two fatalities and at least 12 injuries.
Tectonic setting
The tectonics of the Assam region is dominated by convergence of the India, Burma and Eurasian plates. Major fault structures like the Main Frontal Thrust, Main Boundary Thrust and Main Central Thrust, all splay branches of the Main Himalayan Thrust, accommodate the shortening rate as India is pushing into Asia. The large 8.6 Mw Assam–Tibet earthquake in 1950 was a megathrust earthquake that resulted from a rupture along the Main Himalayan Thrust and Main Frontal Thrust.
Earthquake
.jpg)
The earthquake occurred as a result of oblique-slip faulting at a shallow depth just at the foothills of the Himalayas.[4][5] Analysis by India's National Centre for Seismology revealed that the earthquake involved slip along the Kopili Fault, near the Main Frontal Thrust.[6] This is a northeast striking fault structure that runs from east of the Shillong Plateau, through the Assam Valley and into Bhutan for a total estimated length of 300 km, and a width of 30 km.[7] Its predominant slip sense is right-lateral strike-slip.[8]
The same fault is believed to have caused the an Mwb 6.1 earthquake in Bhutan in 2009, killing 11 and injuring dozens.[9] Two other Mw 7.0+ earthquakes rocked the Assam Valley in 1869 and 1943, is believed to have been on this fault, as well as the deadly 2016 Imphal earthquake.[7]
Impact
The earthquake caused moderate but widespread damage to nearby buildings, but no collapses were reported.[10] Among the buildings affected was a multi-story structure in Nagaon which tilted to its side and leaned against an adjacent building. Cracks also appeared in the walls of homes and commercial buildings. A few vehicles were damaged when bricks fell on them.[11] Landslides and liquefaction of the ground were reported in Assam.[12] Damage to buildings were also reported in nearby Bhutan, and two individuals were injured.[13] Two people in the Kamrup Metro and Nagaon districts died of heart attacks caused by the earthquake while 12 others suffered injuries.[14][15]
See also
References
- ↑ "M 6.0 - 9 km NNW of Dhekiajuli, India". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
- ↑ "Explained: In Assam earthquake, reminder of seismic hazard along HFT faultline". The Indian Express. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
- ↑ "Northeast India hit by magnitude 6.4 earthquake". The Independent. 2021-04-28. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
- ↑ "Assam Earthquake: 6.4 magnitude quake, 7 aftershocks jolt Northeast, tremors felt in Bengal". India Today. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
- ↑ "Official Website of National Center of Seismology". seismo.gov.in. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
- ↑ Chakravartty, Anupam (29 April 2021). "Assam earthquake: Known to cause deadly tremors, Kopili fault eludes experts". EastMojo. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kayal, J., Arefiev, S., Baruah, S., Tatevossian, R., Gogoi, N., Sanoujam, M., Gautam, J.L., Hazarika, D., & Borah, D. (2010). "The 2009 Bhutan and Assam felt earthquakes (Mw 6.3 and 5.1) at the Kopili fault in the northeast Himalaya region". Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 1 (3): 273–281. doi:10.1080/19475705.2010.486561.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Kharita, Akash. "Strong earthquake jolts Assam". Temblor. doi:10.32858/temblor.171. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ "M 6.1 - Bhutan". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ "Quake of magnitude 6 strikes India's Assam, damages some buildings". Reuters. 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
- ↑ "From damage caused to relief operations, Assam earthquake explained in 10 points". New Delhi. India Today. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ "Cracked roads, tilted buildings: Assam earthquake captured in scary photos, videos". New Delhi. India Today. 28 April 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ "Earthquake causes structural damage". kuenselonline.com. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ Saha, Abhishek (29 April 2021). "Assam earthquake: At least 10 injured, houses damaged". Guwahati. The Indian Express. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ "Two die of shock after 6.4 magnitude quake in Assam". The Hindu. 28 April 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.