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{{Short description|Battle that took place between the Mughal Empire and the Karrani Dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bengal in the 16th century}}
{{Short description|1576 battle during the Mughal invasion of Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
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| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} [[Bengal Sultanate]]
| combatant1        = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} [[Bengal Sultanate]]
| combatant2        = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} [[Mughal Empire]]
| combatant2        = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1        = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} '''[[Daud Khan Karrani]]'''{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} Junaid Karrani{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}}Ismail Khan Lodhi<br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}}[[Kalapahad]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} Khan Jahan{{KIA}}<ref  
| commander1        = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} '''[[Daud Khan Karrani|Daud Khan]]'''{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} Junaid Khan{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} [[Ismail Khan Lodhi|Ismail Khan]] <br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} [[Kalapahad]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} Qutlu Khan{{KIA}}<ref  
name="gazetteer">{{cite book |title=Bengal District Gazetteers Santal Parganas |year=1914 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdyjG9DYVLsC&pg=PA26 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=26–}}</ref>
name="gazetteer">{{cite book |title=Bengal District Gazetteers Santal Parganas |year=1914 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdyjG9DYVLsC&pg=PA26 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=26–}}</ref>
| commander2        = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} '''[[Akbar the Great]]''' <br> {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Muzaffar Khan Turbati <br> {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Khan Jahan<ref name="Richards1996"/> <br> {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Raja Todar Mal<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Salahuddin |year=2004 |title=Bangladesh: Past and Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&pg=PA63 |publisher=APH Publishing |page=63 |isbn=978-81-7648-469-5}}</ref>
| commander2        = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} '''[[Akbar]]''' <br> {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Muzaffar Khan<br>{{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Jahan Khan<ref name="Richards1996"/> <br> {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} [[Todar Mal]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Salahuddin |year=2004 |title=Bangladesh: Past and Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&pg=PA63 |publisher=APH Publishing |page=63 |isbn=978-81-7648-469-5}}</ref>
| strength1        = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} 50,000<ref name="gazetteer">{{cite book |title=Bengal District Gazetteers Santal Parganas |year=1914 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdyjG9DYVLsC&pg=PA26 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=26–}}</ref>
| strength1        = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} 50,000<ref name="gazetteer">{{cite book |title=Bengal District Gazetteers Santal Parganas |year=1914 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdyjG9DYVLsC&pg=PA26 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=26–}}</ref>
| strength2        = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Unknown but larger than Bengal (during the first assault) <br> 5000 [[cavalry]] reinforcement<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rajmahal,_The_battle_of|title=Rajmahal, The battle of|work=banglapedia.org}}</ref>
| strength2        = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} 150,000 (during the first assault) <br> 5000 [[cavalry]] reinforcement<ref name="Banglapedia" />
| casualties1      = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} Heavy
| casualties1      = {{flagicon image|Bengal_Sultanate_Flag.gif}} 47,000
| casualties2      = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Unknown|
| casualties2      = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Unknown|
}}
}}{{Bengal Sultanate}}
The '''Battle of Rajmahal''' ({{lang-bn|রাজমহলের জঙ্গ}}) was a battle that took place between the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Karrani Dynasty]] that ruled the [[Bengal Sultanate|Sultanate of Bengal]] in the 16th century. The battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Mughals. During the battle, the last Sultan of [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal]], [[Daud Khan Karrani]], was captured and later executed by the Mughals.


The '''Battle of Rajmahal''' was a battle that took place between the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Karrani Dynasty]] that ruled the [[Bengal Sultanate|Sultanate of Bengal]] in the 16th century. The battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Mughals. During the battle, the last Sultan of [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal]], [[Daud Khan Karrani]], was captured and later executed by the Mughals.
== Background ==
The battle of Rajmahal introduced the Mughal regime in Bengal. After the death of the last sultan of [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]] [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]] in 1538, the liberated sultanate of Bengal reached its end. Despite occupying the capital city of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gaur]], [[Humayun]], the [[Mughal emperors|second emperor]] of the Mughal Empire, was able to hold the control for only a short period of time. The founder of the [[Sur Empire|Sur Dynasty]], [[Sher Shah Suri]] defeated Humayun in the [[Battle of Chausa]] and took control over Bengal. Later, the Karrani dynasty emerged in Bengal. The last ruler of the Karranis, Sultan [[Daud Khan Karrani]] refused to hail [[Akbar]] and clashed with the Mughals. Daud Khan was defeated by the Mughal general [[Munim Khan]] at the [[Battle of Tukaroi]].
 
On April 12, 1575, the Treaty of Katak concluded the malevolence between the two parties. Consequently, [[Daud Khan Karrani|Daud Khan]] failed to hold control over [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]]. Only the rights of [[Odisha|Orissa]] were left to him. The treaty however did not go on for long. Isa Khan, the chief of the [[Baro-Bhuyan|Baro-Bhuians]], expelled the [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal Navy]] from Bengal. After the death of the Mughal general Munim Khan, Daud Khan started a campaign to conquer the lost territory. He was able to conquer North and West Bengal.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rajmahal,_The_battle_of|title=Rajmahal, The battle of|work=Banglapedia}}</ref>
 
== Battle ==
Akbar sent his general [https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Husain%20Quli%20Beg Khan-i-Jahan Husain Quli Beg] to conquer Bengal from Daud Khan.  Daud Khan's generals were [[Kalapahad|Kalapahar]], Junaid and Qutlu Khan. Khan gathered about three thousand troops at [[Teliagarhi]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ambashthya |first1=Brahmadeva Prasad |title=Non-Persian Sources on Indian Medieval History |journal=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli |date=1984 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jkhAAAAMAAJ&q=Battle+of+Rajmahal |access-date=April 18, 2022}}</ref>
 
The Afghans fought with the Mughals at Teliagarhi. In the battle, the Mughals captured Teliagarhi. The Mughals then proceeded towards [[Rajmahal]]. Rajmahal was under siege for about four months by the Mughal general Husain Quli Beg. As an additional aid to the Mughals, [https://www.rct.uk/collection/1005038-g/portrait-of-muzafar-khan Muzaffar Khan Turbati], the ruler of Bihar, came forward with five thousand [[Cavalry|cavalry]] and supplies by sea. Although the Mughals were ahead in terms of strength, they fell into climatic problems.
 
Then the battle took place between the combined forces of the Mughals and the Karranis in Rajmahal on 12 July 1576. Daud Khan, Junaid, Kalapahar and Qutlu Khan led the middle, left, right and front of the army respectively.<ref name="Banglapedia" />
 
== Aftermath ==
The Karranis were defeated in this battle. Daud Khan was captured and killed. With the fall of the Karrani dynasty, the Bengal Sultanate came to an end and Bengal became a [[subah]] or province of the Mughal Empire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jaques |first1=Tony |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z |date=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-33539-6 |page=837 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&dq=Battle+of+Rajmahal&pg=PA837 |access-date=April 18, 2022}}</ref> However, under the leadership of [[Isa Khan]], the [[Baro-Bhuyan|Baro-Bhuyans]] continued to resist the Mughals. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karim |first1=Abdul |title=History of Bengal: From the fall of Daud Karrani, 1576 to the death of Jahangir, 1627 |journal=Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi |date=1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jzluAAAAMAAJ&q=bibliogroup:%22History+of+Bengal:+Mughal+Period%22 |access-date=April 20, 2022}}</ref> As a result, the Mughals could not get full control over Bengal.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhattasali |first1=Nalini Kanta |title=Bengal Chiefs' Struggle |page=12 |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Bengal-chiefs-struggle-independence-Jahangir/dp/B0008ABLBO}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Bengal Subah]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1576|Raj Mahal]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1576|Raj Mahal]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Rajmahal 1576]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Rajmahal 1576]]
[[Category:Battles involving Bengal|Rajmahal 1576]]
[[Category:Battles involving Bengal|Rajmahal 1576]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Bengal]]
[[Category:1576 in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1576 in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Military history of the Bengal Sultanate]]
[[Category:Military history of the Bengal Sultanate]]
{{battle-stub}}
{{Bangladesh-hist-stub}}
{{India-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:19, 23 December 2022


Template:Bengal Sultanate

Battle of Rajmahal
Part of Mughal invasion of Bengal
Date12 July 1576[1]
Location
Rajmahal, Bengal Sultanate (present-day Jharkhand, India)
Result Mughal victory
Belligerents
Bengal Sultanate Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Daud Khan †
Junaid Khan †
Ismail Khan
Kalapahad †
Qutlu Khan †[2]		 Akbar
Muzaffar Khan
Jahan Khan[1]
Todar Mal[3]
Strength
50,000[2] 150,000 (during the first assault)
5000 cavalry reinforcement[4]
Casualties and losses
47,000 Unknown

The Battle of Rajmahal (Bengali: রাজমহলের জঙ্গ) was a battle that took place between the Mughal Empire and the Karrani Dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bengal in the 16th century. The battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Mughals. During the battle, the last Sultan of Bengal, Daud Khan Karrani, was captured and later executed by the Mughals.

BackgroundEdit

The battle of Rajmahal introduced the Mughal regime in Bengal. After the death of the last sultan of Hussain Shahi dynasty Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah in 1538, the liberated sultanate of Bengal reached its end. Despite occupying the capital city of Gaur, Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, was able to hold the control for only a short period of time. The founder of the Sur Dynasty, Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the Battle of Chausa and took control over Bengal. Later, the Karrani dynasty emerged in Bengal. The last ruler of the Karranis, Sultan Daud Khan Karrani refused to hail Akbar and clashed with the Mughals. Daud Khan was defeated by the Mughal general Munim Khan at the Battle of Tukaroi.

On April 12, 1575, the Treaty of Katak concluded the malevolence between the two parties. Consequently, Daud Khan failed to hold control over Bengal and Bihar. Only the rights of Orissa were left to him. The treaty however did not go on for long. Isa Khan, the chief of the Baro-Bhuians, expelled the Mughal Navy from Bengal. After the death of the Mughal general Munim Khan, Daud Khan started a campaign to conquer the lost territory. He was able to conquer North and West Bengal.[4]

BattleEdit

Akbar sent his general Khan-i-Jahan Husain Quli Beg to conquer Bengal from Daud Khan. Daud Khan's generals were Kalapahar, Junaid and Qutlu Khan. Khan gathered about three thousand troops at Teliagarhi.[5]

The Afghans fought with the Mughals at Teliagarhi. In the battle, the Mughals captured Teliagarhi. The Mughals then proceeded towards Rajmahal. Rajmahal was under siege for about four months by the Mughal general Husain Quli Beg. As an additional aid to the Mughals, Muzaffar Khan Turbati, the ruler of Bihar, came forward with five thousand cavalry and supplies by sea. Although the Mughals were ahead in terms of strength, they fell into climatic problems.

Then the battle took place between the combined forces of the Mughals and the Karranis in Rajmahal on 12 July 1576. Daud Khan, Junaid, Kalapahar and Qutlu Khan led the middle, left, right and front of the army respectively.[4]

AftermathEdit

The Karranis were defeated in this battle. Daud Khan was captured and killed. With the fall of the Karrani dynasty, the Bengal Sultanate came to an end and Bengal became a subah or province of the Mughal Empire.[6] However, under the leadership of Isa Khan, the Baro-Bhuyans continued to resist the Mughals. [7] As a result, the Mughals could not get full control over Bengal.[8]

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Richards, John F. (1996). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bengal District Gazetteers Santal Parganas. Concept Publishing Company. 1914. pp. 26–.
  3. ↑ Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH Publishing. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-7648-469-5.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Rajmahal, The battle of". Banglapedia.
  5. ↑ Ambashthya, Brahmadeva Prasad (1984). "Non-Persian Sources on Indian Medieval History". Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli: 72. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  6. ↑ Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 837. ISBN 978-0-313-33539-6. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  7. ↑ Karim, Abdul (1992). "History of Bengal: From the fall of Daud Karrani, 1576 to the death of Jahangir, 1627". Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  8. ↑ Bhattasali, Nalini Kanta. Bengal Chiefs' Struggle. p. 12.
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