Capture of Torna fort: Difference between revisions

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
No edit summary
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
 
(8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 7: Line 7:
| result            = Maratha victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=SarDesai |first=D. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sx-yDwAAQBAJ&q=captured+torna |title=India: The Definative History |date=2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=XV |isbn=978-0-429-96842-6 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&q=captured+torna+from+the+adil+shahis |title=Southern India |date=10 August 2012 |publisher=Roli Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-7436-903-1 |language=English}}</ref>
| result            = Maratha victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=SarDesai |first=D. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sx-yDwAAQBAJ&q=captured+torna |title=India: The Definative History |date=2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=XV |isbn=978-0-429-96842-6 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&q=captured+torna+from+the+adil+shahis |title=Southern India |date=10 August 2012 |publisher=Roli Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-7436-903-1 |language=English}}</ref>
| status            =  
| status            =  
| combatant1        = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]] [[Maratha Army]]
| combatant1        = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| combatant2        = [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]]
| combatant2        = [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]]
| commander1        = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Shivaji]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Tanaji Malusare]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Netaji Palkar]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]]Baji Phalaskar<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]]Yesaji Kank<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mirza |first=Umair |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-marhattas-volume-02 |title=History of Marathas |date=March 1826 |year=1826 |pages=104 |language=English}}</ref>
| commander1        = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Shivaji]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Tanaji Malusare]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]][[Netaji Palkar]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]]Baji Phalaskar<br />[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]]Yesaji Kank<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mirza |first=Umair |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-marhattas-volume-02 |title=History of Marathas |date=March 1826 |year=1826 |pages=104 |language=English}}</ref>
| commander2        = Unknown
| commander2        = Mulla Ali Khan
| strength1        = 1000 men<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dattātraya Baḷavanta Pārasanīsa |first=Charles Augustus Kincaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwQ9AAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Maratha People: From the earliest times to the death of Shivaji |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |pages=134 |language=English}}</ref>
| strength1        = 1000 men<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dattātraya Baḷavanta Pārasanīsa |first=Charles Augustus Kincaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwQ9AAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Maratha People: From the earliest times to the death of Shivaji |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |pages=134 |language=English}}</ref>
| strength2        = 100-200 (possibly)
| strength2        = 100-200 (possibly)
Line 17: Line 17:
}}
}}
'''Capture of Torna fort''' was led by [[Tanaji Malusare]], Baji Phalaskar and [[Netaji Palkar]] and some other trusted commanders, accompanied by [[Shivaji]], to capture the [[Torna Fort|fort of Torna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYFrgILWbIgC&q=Annexations |title=Shivaji and his times |publisher=London, New York, Longmans, Green and Co. |year=1920 |pages=26 |isbn=978-81-250-1347-1 |language=English}}</ref> The [[Marathi people|Marathas]] successfully occupied the fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Charles Augustus |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmaratha01kincuoft |title=A history of the Maratha people |publisher=London,Milford |year=1918–1925 |pages=134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbVeDwAAQBAJ&q=Torna |title=Shivaji The Grand Rebel |publisher=Shrishti Publishers & Distributors |year=2018 |isbn=9789387022249 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kadam |first=Umesh Ashok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBywEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=Deccan in Transition,1600 to 1800 |date=31 March 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=123 |isbn=978-1-000-85303-2 |language=English}}</ref> The battle marks the political empowerment and growing success of the [[The Maratha rebellion|Maratha rebellion]] led by Shivaji.
'''Capture of Torna fort''' was led by [[Tanaji Malusare]], Baji Phalaskar and [[Netaji Palkar]] and some other trusted commanders, accompanied by [[Shivaji]], to capture the [[Torna Fort|fort of Torna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYFrgILWbIgC&q=Annexations |title=Shivaji and his times |publisher=London, New York, Longmans, Green and Co. |year=1920 |pages=26 |isbn=978-81-250-1347-1 |language=English}}</ref> The [[Marathi people|Marathas]] successfully occupied the fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Charles Augustus |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmaratha01kincuoft |title=A history of the Maratha people |publisher=London,Milford |year=1918–1925 |pages=134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kincaid |first=Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbVeDwAAQBAJ&q=Torna |title=Shivaji The Grand Rebel |publisher=Shrishti Publishers & Distributors |year=2018 |isbn=9789387022249 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kadam |first=Umesh Ashok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBywEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=Deccan in Transition,1600 to 1800 |date=31 March 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=123 |isbn=978-1-000-85303-2 |language=English}}</ref> The battle marks the political empowerment and growing success of the [[The Maratha rebellion|Maratha rebellion]] led by Shivaji.
== Background ==
Capture of Torna fort was the beginning of the realisation of his cherished [[Swaraj|Hindvi Swarajya]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jx48AAAAMAAJ |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji:Coronation Tercentenary Commemoration Volume |date=1975 |publisher=University of Bombay |pages=50 |language=English}}</ref> In 1646, 16-19 years old [[Shivaji]] continues his insurgency against the [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] taking few advantages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=captured+torna |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Events & Dates |date=May 2009 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Limited |year=2009 |isbn=9788120740747 |pages=A70 |language=English}}</ref> The Bijapuri Sultan, [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]] fell in an illness.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Triloki Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPIEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=THE BATTERED HINDU: History of India from 712 A.D. to 1947 A.D |date=2014 |publisher=Mohini Publications |pages=150 |language=English}}</ref> The Torna fort had a small group of garrisons (possibly, 100-200 garrisons). But some mentions the size of the garrisons larger. Shivaji decided to capture the fort and marched to it accompanying with his trusted commanders.
==Aftermath==
Shivaji succeeded to capture the hill fortress of Torna which resulted as a victory for the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshman |first=John Clark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6r9XAAAAcAAJ&q=capturing+of+torna |title=The History of India from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Eighteenth Century |date=1863 |publisher=The British Library |pages=153 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert Leonard Offley Garrett |first=Stephen Meredyth Edwardes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4aqU9Zu7mFoC&q=captured+torna |title=Mughal rule in India |date=1995 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |isbn=9788171565511 |pages=129 |language=English}}</ref> He utilized the treasure of 2 lakhs hoons he obtained after the fort's capture in enhancing his military power and the reconstruction of the [[Rajgad Fort|Rajgad fort]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ZZzk8cXh8C&q=Hons |title=Pratiyogita Darpan, Series-16 Indian History–Medieval India |publisher=Upkar Prakashan |pages=138 |language=English}}</ref> As an action, the Sultan of Bijapur imprisoned the father of Shivaji, [[Shahaji|Shahaji Bhonsle]] in 1648 as his alleged conspiracy with Galconda at the time of war.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&q=shahji+imprisoned |title=The Marathas 1600-1800 |date=16 September 1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |pages=57 |isbn=978-0-521-26883-7 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy Burman |first=J. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDZkX0PUEKQC&q=shahji+imprisoned |title=Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines and Communities |date=2002 |publisher=Mittal Publications |publication-date=2002 |pages=32 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnKHBYNf-iUC |title=The Canbrige history of India |date=1963 |publisher=Rutgers University |pages=607 |language=English}}</ref> This condition resulted as dormancy in the insurgency led by Shivaji. He used the five years (1649-1655) to consolidate his army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Triloki Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPIEAAAQBAJ&q=Capture+of+torna |title=THE BATTERED HINDU: History of India from 712 A.D. to 1947 A.D |date=2014 |publisher=Mohini Publications |pages=150 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Shripad Rama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqY9AAAAMAAJ |title=Mughal Empire in India, 1526-1761 |date=1934 |publisher=Karnatak Printing Press |pages=557 |language=English}}</ref> Shahji was released on 16th May 1649 after an imprisonment of almost 10 months.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh Rana |first=Bhawan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWwyDQAAQBAJ&q=Shahji+was+released |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji |date=5 October 2016 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. |year=2016 |isbn=9789350830079 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kulkarnee |first=Narayan H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=faodAAAAMAAJ |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji, Architect of Freedom |date=1975 |publisher=Chhatrapati Shivaji Smarak Samiti |pages=LXXV |language=English}}</ref> Many sources claims, Shahji was freed after 3 to 4 years of imprisonment or released between 1653 and 1654.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elphinstone |first=Mountstuart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYpvCwAAQBAJ&q=shahji+was+released |title=History of India Vol.II |date=15 August 2014 |publisher=Normanby Publishers |year=2014 |isbn=9781782894780 |pages=465 |language=English |archive-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cowell |first=Edward Byles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VgOAAAAQAAJ&q=shahji+released |title=The History of India: The Hindú and Mahometan Periods · Part 20 |date=1866 |publisher=J. Murray |pages=xxiv |language=English}}</ref> But Shivaji didn't paused here completely, he captured several important forts including the fortresses of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=H. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deHZAUDHzYwC&q=capture+of+purandar+16 |title=Shivaji, the Great Maratha |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=9788177552867 |pages=ii |language=English}}</ref> [[Sinhagad|Kondhana]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh Sandhu |first=Gurcharn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi3cAAAAMAAJ |title=A Military History of Medieval India |date=2003 |publisher=Vision Books |isbn=9788170945253 |pages=720 |language=English}}</ref> and [[Chakan, Pune|Chakan]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMkKAQAAIAAJ |title=India: Medieval History (A.D. 1206-1761) |date=1988 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |pages=98 |language=English}}</ref> in that period.
== See also ==
*[[Battle of Nesari]]
*[[Mughal–Maratha Wars|Mughal–Maratha wars]]
*[[Battle of Pratapgarh]]


==Reference==
==Reference==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]

Latest revision as of 12:37, 22 June 2025

Capture of Torna
Part of The Maratha rebellion
Torna Fort aka Kille Prachangad.jpg
A modern view of the Torna fort
Date1646
Location
Torna fort, Deccan
Result Maratha victory[1][2]
Territorial
changes		 The Marathas successfully captured the fort of Torna.[3][4]
Belligerents
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg Maratha Empire Bijapur Sultanate
Commanders and leaders
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgShivaji
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgTanaji Malusare
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgNetaji Palkar
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgBaji Phalaskar
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svgYesaji Kank[5]		 Mulla Ali Khan
Strength
1000 men[6] 100-200 (possibly)

Capture of Torna fort was led by Tanaji Malusare, Baji Phalaskar and Netaji Palkar and some other trusted commanders, accompanied by Shivaji, to capture the fort of Torna.[7] The Marathas successfully occupied the fort.[8][9][10] The battle marks the political empowerment and growing success of the Maratha rebellion led by Shivaji.

Background[edit]

Capture of Torna fort was the beginning of the realisation of his cherished Hindvi Swarajya.[11] In 1646, 16-19 years old Shivaji continues his insurgency against the Sultanate of Bijapur taking few advantages.[12] The Bijapuri Sultan, Mohammed Adil Shah fell in an illness.[13] The Torna fort had a small group of garrisons (possibly, 100-200 garrisons). But some mentions the size of the garrisons larger. Shivaji decided to capture the fort and marched to it accompanying with his trusted commanders.

Aftermath[edit]

Shivaji succeeded to capture the hill fortress of Torna which resulted as a victory for the Marathas.[14][15] He utilized the treasure of 2 lakhs hoons he obtained after the fort's capture in enhancing his military power and the reconstruction of the Rajgad fort.[16] As an action, the Sultan of Bijapur imprisoned the father of Shivaji, Shahaji Bhonsle in 1648 as his alleged conspiracy with Galconda at the time of war.[17][18][19] This condition resulted as dormancy in the insurgency led by Shivaji. He used the five years (1649-1655) to consolidate his army.[20][21] Shahji was released on 16th May 1649 after an imprisonment of almost 10 months.[22][23] Many sources claims, Shahji was freed after 3 to 4 years of imprisonment or released between 1653 and 1654.[24][25] But Shivaji didn't paused here completely, he captured several important forts including the fortresses of Purandar,[26] Kondhana[27] and Chakan[28] in that period.

See also[edit]

Reference[edit]

  1. ↑ SarDesai, D. R. (2018). India: The Definative History. Taylor & Francis. pp. XV. ISBN 978-0-429-96842-6.
  2. ↑ Michell, George (10 August 2012). Southern India. Roli Books. ISBN 978-81-7436-903-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ↑ Nadkarni, R.V (1946). Rise & Fall Of Maratha Empire. p. 52.
  4. ↑ A Copendium of the History of India. Gantz Bros. 1870. p. 69.
  5. ↑ Mirza, Umair (March 1826). History of Marathas. p. 104.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ↑ Dattātraya Baḷavanta Pārasanīsa, Charles Augustus Kincaid (1968). A History of the Maratha People: From the earliest times to the death of Shivaji. S. Chand. p. 134.
  7. ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1920). Shivaji and his times. London, New York, Longmans, Green and Co. p. 26. ISBN 978-81-250-1347-1.
  8. ↑ Kincaid, Charles Augustus (1918–1925). A history of the Maratha people. London,Milford. p. 134.
  9. ↑ Kincaid, Dennis (2018). Shivaji The Grand Rebel. Shrishti Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 9789387022249.
  10. ↑ Kadam, Umesh Ashok (31 March 2023). Deccan in Transition,1600 to 1800. Taylor & Francis. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-000-85303-2.
  11. ↑ Chhatrapati Shivaji:Coronation Tercentenary Commemoration Volume. University of Bombay. 1975. p. 50.
  12. ↑ Bhattacharya, S. B. (May 2009). Encyclopedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Limited. pp. A70. ISBN 9788120740747.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  13. ↑ Dhar, Triloki Nath (2014). THE BATTERED HINDU: History of India from 712 A.D. to 1947 A.D. Mohini Publications. p. 150.
  14. ↑ Marshman, John Clark (1863). The History of India from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Eighteenth Century. The British Library. p. 153.
  15. ↑ Herbert Leonard Offley Garrett, Stephen Meredyth Edwardes (1995). Mughal rule in India. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 129. ISBN 9788171565511.
  16. ↑ Pratiyogita Darpan, Series-16 Indian History–Medieval India. Upkar Prakashan. p. 138.
  17. ↑ Gordon, Stewart (16 September 1993). The Marathas 1600-1800. Cambridge University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-521-26883-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  18. ↑ Roy Burman, J. J. (2002). Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines and Communities. Mittal Publications. p. 32.
  19. ↑ The Canbrige history of India. Rutgers University. 1963. p. 607.
  20. ↑ Dhar, Triloki Nath (2014). THE BATTERED HINDU: History of India from 712 A.D. to 1947 A.D. Mohini Publications. p. 150.
  21. ↑ Sharma, Shripad Rama (1934). Mughal Empire in India, 1526-1761. Karnatak Printing Press. p. 557.
  22. ↑ Singh Rana, Bhawan (5 October 2016). Chhatrapati Shivaji. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789350830079.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  23. ↑ Kulkarnee, Narayan H. (1975). Chhatrapati Shivaji, Architect of Freedom. Chhatrapati Shivaji Smarak Samiti. pp. LXXV.
  24. ↑ Elphinstone, Mountstuart (15 August 2014). History of India Vol.II. Normanby Publishers. p. 465. ISBN 9781782894780.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  25. ↑ Cowell, Edward Byles (1866). The History of India: The Hindú and Mahometan Periods · Part 20. J. Murray. pp. xxiv.
  26. ↑ Sardesai, H. S. (2002). Shivaji, the Great Maratha. Cosmo Publications. pp. ii. ISBN 9788177552867.
  27. ↑ Singh Sandhu, Gurcharn (2003). A Military History of Medieval India. Vision Books. p. 720. ISBN 9788170945253.
  28. ↑ India: Medieval History (A.D. 1206-1761). Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. 1988. p. 98.
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Torna_fort&oldid=461293"