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{{Short description|Leaders of Santhal rebellion (1855–1856)}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | ||
[[File:Sidhu Kanhu Park Entrance - Ranchi 9204.JPG|thumb| | [[File:Sidhu Kanhu Park Entrance - Ranchi 9204.JPG|thumb|Sido Kanhu Memorial Park in [[Ranchi]]]] | ||
''' | '''Sido Murmu''' and '''Kanhu Murmu''' were the leaders of the [[Santhal rebellion]] (1855–1856), the rebellion in present-day [[Jharkhand]] and [[Bengal]] ([[Purulia]], [[Birbhum]] and [[Bankura]]){{cn|date=January 2023}} in eastern India against both the British colonial authority and the corrupt [[zamindari system]].<ref name=sm1>{{cite web|title=Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu|url=http://www.incrediblejharkhand.com/?p=281|work=incrediblejharkhand.com|access-date=19 April 2014}}{{dead url|date=January 2023}}</ref>. Uhh | ||
==Rebellion== | ==Rebellion== | ||
Santals lived in and depended on forests. In 1832, the British demarcated the [[Damin-i-koh]] region in present day [[Jharkhand]] and invited Santhals to settle in the region. Due to promises of land and economic amenities a large numbers of Santhals came to settle from [[Cuttack]], [[Dhalbhum]], [[Manbhum]], [[Hazaribagh]], [[Midnapore]] etc. Soon, mahajans and [[ | Santals lived in and depended on forests. In 1832, the British demarcated the [[Damin-i-koh]] region in present-day [[Jharkhand]] and invited Santhals to settle in the region. Due to promises of land and economic amenities a large numbers of Santhals came to settle from [[Cuttack]], [[Dhalbhum]], [[Manbhum]], [[Hazaribagh]], [[Midnapore]] etc. Soon, mahajans and [[zamindar]]s as tax-collecting intermediaries deployed by British dominated the economy. Many Santals became victims of corrupt money lending practices. They were lent money at exorbitant rates when they never could repay then their lands were forcibly taken, they were forced into bonded labour. This sparked the Santal rebellion.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jha|first=Amar Nath|title=Locating the Ancient History of Santal Parganas |date=2009|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=70|pages=185–196|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44147668}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/when-the-santhals-rebelled-1245196|title=When the Santhals rebelled|website=thedailystar}}</ref> | ||
On 30 June 1855, two [[Santhal people|Santal]] rebel leaders, | On 30 June 1855, two [[Santhal people|Santal]] rebel leaders, Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu (related as brother) along with Chand and Bairab,<ref>{{cite book |last=Richard Gott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gj4ayAItV8C&pg=PT730 |title=Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt |date=2012 |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1844670673 |pages=435}}</ref> mobilized about 10,000 Santals and declared a rebellion against [[British Empire|British colonists]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=An Advanced History of Modern India|date=2010|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9780230328853|page=120|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA1876 }}</ref> The Santals initially gained some success but soon the British found out a new way to tackle these rebels. Instead, they forced them to come out of the forest. In a conclusive battle which followed, the British, equipped with modern firearms and war [[elephant]]s, stationed themselves at the foot of the hill. When the battle began, the British officer ordered his troops to fire without loading bullets. The Santals, who did not suspect this trap set by the British war strategy, charged with full potential. This step proved to be disastrous for them. As soon as they neared the foot of the hill, the British army attacked with full power and this time they were using bullets. Although the revolution was suppressed, it marked a great change in the colonial rule and policy. The day is still celebrated among the Santal community.<ref name=sm2>{{cite book|title=Social Science|publisher=Social Science History Association|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_-Iry_6ZpcC&pg=PA29 |isbn=9788183320979|year=1968}}</ref> | ||
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
[[Sido Kanhu Murmu University]] is named upon them. [[India Posts|Indian post]] also issued a [[Indian rupee|₹]] 4 stamp in 2002 honouring them.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stamps 2002|url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2002.aspx|work=indiapost.gov.in| | [[File:Stamp of India - 2002 - Colnect 158245 - Sido Murmu - Kanhu Murmu.jpeg|thumb|Sido Murmu - Kanhu Murmu on Indian Postal Stamp]] | ||
[[Sido Kanhu Murmu University]] is named upon them. [[India Posts|Indian post]] also issued a [[Indian rupee|₹]] 4 stamp in 2002 honouring them.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stamps 2002|url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2002.aspx|work=indiapost.gov.in|access-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418215324/http://indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2002.aspx|archive-date=18 April 2014}}</ref> There is also a [[Sidhu Kanhu Memorial Park|Sido Kanhu Memorial Park]] in [[Ranchi]], named in their honour. The Sido-Kanho Dahar at Esplanade in Central Kolkata is named after them. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Santhal Pargana Division topics |state=expanded}} | {{Santhal Pargana Division topics |state=expanded}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murmu, Kanhu}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Murmu, Kanhu}} | ||
[[Category:People from Jharkhand]] | [[Category:People from Jharkhand]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Year of birth missing]] | ||
[[Category:1858 deaths]] | [[Category:1858 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:History of Jharkhand]] | [[Category:History of Jharkhand]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:50, 4 July 2023
Sido Kanhu Memorial Park in Ranchi
Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu were the leaders of the Santhal rebellion (1855–1856), the rebellion in present-day Jharkhand and Bengal (Purulia, Birbhum and Bankura)[citation needed] in eastern India against both the British colonial authority and the corrupt zamindari system.[1]. Uhh
Rebellion[edit]
Santals lived in and depended on forests. In 1832, the British demarcated the Damin-i-koh region in present-day Jharkhand and invited Santhals to settle in the region. Due to promises of land and economic amenities a large numbers of Santhals came to settle from Cuttack, Dhalbhum, Manbhum, Hazaribagh, Midnapore etc. Soon, mahajans and zamindars as tax-collecting intermediaries deployed by British dominated the economy. Many Santals became victims of corrupt money lending practices. They were lent money at exorbitant rates when they never could repay then their lands were forcibly taken, they were forced into bonded labour. This sparked the Santal rebellion.[2][3]
On 30 June 1855, two Santal rebel leaders, Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu (related as brother) along with Chand and Bairab,[4] mobilized about 10,000 Santals and declared a rebellion against British colonists.[5] The Santals initially gained some success but soon the British found out a new way to tackle these rebels. Instead, they forced them to come out of the forest. In a conclusive battle which followed, the British, equipped with modern firearms and war elephants, stationed themselves at the foot of the hill. When the battle began, the British officer ordered his troops to fire without loading bullets. The Santals, who did not suspect this trap set by the British war strategy, charged with full potential. This step proved to be disastrous for them. As soon as they neared the foot of the hill, the British army attacked with full power and this time they were using bullets. Although the revolution was suppressed, it marked a great change in the colonial rule and policy. The day is still celebrated among the Santal community.[6]
Legacy[edit]
Sido Kanhu Murmu University is named upon them. Indian post also issued a ₹ 4 stamp in 2002 honouring them.[7] There is also a Sido Kanhu Memorial Park in Ranchi, named in their honour. The Sido-Kanho Dahar at Esplanade in Central Kolkata is named after them.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu". incrediblejharkhand.com. Retrieved 19 April 2014.Template:Dead url
- ↑ Jha, Amar Nath (2009). "Locating the Ancient History of Santal Parganas". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 70: 185–196. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44147668.
- ↑ "When the Santhals rebelled". thedailystar.
- ↑ Richard Gott (2012). Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt. Verso. p. 435. ISBN 978-1844670673.
- ↑ Sailendra Nath Sen (2010). An Advanced History of Modern India. Macmillan. p. 120. ISBN 9780230328853.
- ↑ Social Science. Social Science History Association. 1968. p. 29. ISBN 9788183320979.
- ↑ "Stamps 2002". indiapost.gov.in. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
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