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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Belgaum | | name = Belgaum | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| image_skyline = {{multiple image | | image_skyline = {{multiple image | ||
| border = infobox | | border = infobox | ||
| total_width = | | total_width = 300 | ||
| image_style = | | image_style = | ||
| perrow = 1/1 | | perrow = 1/1 | ||
| image1 = Suvarna Vidhana Soudha.jpg | | image1 = Suvarna Vidhana Soudha.jpg | ||
}} | }} | ||
| image_caption = [[Suvarna Vidhana Soudha]], | | image_caption = [[Suvarna Vidhana Soudha]], Belgaum <hr/> {{maplink |display=|frame=yes|type=point | ||
|id=Q270176|plain=n|title= ಬೆಳಗಾವಿ|description=Belgaum|coord=|marker=Park|zoom=15|text=Belgaum City|icon=no|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center}}<hr/> | |||
| nicknames = | | nicknames = | ||
| map_alt = | | map_alt = | ||
| map_caption = Location of Belgaum in [[Karnataka]] | | map_caption = Location of Belgaum in [[Karnataka]] | ||
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka# | | pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India | ||
| pushpin_label_position = | | pushpin_label_position = | ||
| pushpin_map_alt = | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| Line 26: | Line 27: | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|15|51|N|74|30|E|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|15|51|N|74|30|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | ||
| subdivision_name = | | subdivision_name = [[India]] | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| Line 40: | Line 41: | ||
| governing_body = [[Belagavi Mahanagara Palike]] | | governing_body = [[Belagavi Mahanagara Palike]] | ||
| leader_title = [[Deputy Commissioner|DC]] | | leader_title = [[Deputy Commissioner|DC]] | ||
| leader_name = | | leader_name = Nitesh Patil<ref>{{cite news |date=5 May 2022 |title=Nitesh Patil is Belagavi Deputy Commissioner |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/nitesh-patil-is-belagavi-deputy-commissioner/article65384908.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref> | ||
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] | | leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] | ||
| leader_name2 = Mangala Angadi<ref>{{cite news | | leader_name2 = Mangala Angadi, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arakal |first1=Ralph Alex |title=Karnataka bypolls: BJP wins Belagavi, Basavakalyan; Congress takes Maski |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-bypolls-results-basavakalyan-maski-belgaum-7298917/ |access-date=2 June 2023 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=3 May 2021}}</ref> | ||
|title= | |||
|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-bypolls-results-basavakalyan-maski-belgaum-7298917/}} | |||
</ref> | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Belgaum city summary">{{cite web|url=http://www.belgaumcity.gov.in |title=city/town summary | | area_footnotes = <ref name="Belgaum city summary">{{cite web|url=http://www.belgaumcity.gov.in |title=city/town summary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929123745/http://www.belgaumcity.gov.in/ |archive-date=29 September 2006}}</ref> | ||
| area_total_km2 = 94 | | area_total_km2 = 94 | ||
| area_rank = 4 | | area_rank = 4 | ||
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| population_metro = | | population_metro = | ||
| population_rank = | | population_rank = | ||
| population_demonym = | | population_demonym = Belgaumites | ||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
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| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
| leader_title3 = [[Mayor]] | | leader_title3 = [[Mayor]] | ||
| leader_name3 = | | leader_name3 = Shobha Somanache, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref name="HinduFeb2023">{{cite news |date=6 February 2023 |title=Shobha Somanache elected Belagavi Mayor unopposed, Reshma Patil defeats MES nominee to become Deputy Mayor |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/shobha-somanache-elected-belagavi-mayor-unopposed-reshma-patil-defeats-mes-nominee-to-become-deputy-mayor/article66477616.ece |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref> | ||
| leader_title4 = [[Deputy Mayor]] | | leader_title4 = [[Deputy Mayor]] | ||
| leader_name4 = | | leader_name4 = Reshma Patil, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref name="HinduFeb2023"/> | ||
| demographics1_info1 = [[ | | demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]] <ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=14 January 2019|page=108|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Belgaum''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: ''Bēḷagāma''; also '''Belgaon'''<ref name="Belgaon">{{cite book |last= Malleson |first=Colonel | '''Belgaum''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: ''Bēḷagāma''; also '''Belgaon'''<ref name="Belgaon">{{cite book |last= Malleson |first=Colonel |date= 31 January 2021 |title= KAYE and MALLESONS HISTORY OF INDIAN MUTINY |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5ysKAQAAIAAJ&q=Belgaon+history&pg=PA22|location= [[London]] |publisher=William Clowes and Sons|page=22|isbn=}}</ref> and officially known as '''Belagavi''')<ref>{{cite web|title = Official Website of Belgaum District|url = http://www.belgaum.nic.in/|website = www.belgaum.nic.in|access-date = 28 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150630210052/http://www.belgaum.nic.in/|archive-date = 30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Belgavi Belgavi], Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> is a city in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]] located in its northern part along the [[Western Ghat]]s. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous [[Belagavi division]] and [[Belagavi district]]. The [[Government of Karnataka]] has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka alongside [[Bangalore]], hence a second state administrative building [[Suvarna Vidhana Soudha]] was inaugurated on 11 October 2012.<ref name="Belgaum to be declared second capital of Karnataka">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-13/bangalore/28142614_1_suvarna-vidhana-soudha-belgaum-legislature-session |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015042825/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-13/bangalore/28142614_1_suvarna-vidhana-soudha-belgaum-legislature-session |archive-date=15 October 2012 |title=Decision on second capital status for Belgaum soon |date=13 August 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 July 2011}}</ref> | ||
Belgaum has been selected in first phase out of 20 cities, as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under [[Narendra Modi|PM Narendra Modi's]] flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html |title=Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project |website=Firstpost |date=28 August 2015}}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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[[File:Belgaum 1896 map.jpg|left|thumb|Belgaum 1896 map]] | [[File:Belgaum 1896 map.jpg|left|thumb|Belgaum 1896 map]] | ||
Belgaum was founded in late 12th century AD by the [[Ratta dynasty]], who shifted from nearby [[Saundatti]]. A Ratta official named Bichiraja built [[Kamal Basadi]], a Jain temple, dedicated to [[Neminatha]] in 1204, which came to be called Kamalabasti. Pillars found inside Belgaum fort have Kannada inscriptions in Nagari scripts, one from 1199 by Ratta King Kartaveerya IV. The city original name was | Belgaum was founded in late 12th century AD by the [[Ratta dynasty]], who shifted from nearby [[Saundatti]]. A Ratta official named Bichiraja built [[Kamal Basadi]], a Jain temple, dedicated to [[Neminatha]] in 1204, which came to be called Kamalabasti. Pillars found inside Belgaum fort have Kannada inscriptions in Nagari scripts, one from 1199 by Ratta King Kartaveerya IV. The city original name was Venugram, a Sanskrit word which means "village of bamboo". Alternatively, it is referred to as Venugram in early Indian texts, which means "city of bamboo".<ref name="MeisterDhaky1996p255">{{cite book|author1=Michael W. Meister|author2=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1GzJRNhnnsC|year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2|page=255}}</ref> | ||
Belgaum became a part of the [[Yadava dynasty]] kingdom (Sevunas) in early 13th century. An inscription from 1261 of King Krishna belonging to the Yadava dynasty attests to this. The region was invaded by [[Khalji dynasty]] of [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 14th century. Shortly thereafter, the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] was founded, and Belgaum came under the rule of Vijayanagara. In 1474, the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] conquered Belgaum with an army led by Mahamood Gawan.<ref name=cexise1>{{cite web |url=http://www.centralexcisebelgaum.kar.nic.in/belgaum.htm |title=History of Belgaum |publisher=Central Excise Belgaum |access-date=17 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310035121/http://www.centralexcisebelgaum.kar.nic.in/belgaum.htm |archive-date=10 March 2015 | Belgaum became a part of the [[Yadava dynasty]] kingdom (Sevunas) in early 13th century. An inscription from 1261 of King Krishna belonging to the Yadava dynasty attests to this. The region was invaded by [[Khalji dynasty]] of [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 14th century. Shortly thereafter, the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] was founded, and Belgaum came under the rule of Vijayanagara. In 1474, the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] conquered Belgaum with an army led by Mahamood Gawan.<ref name=cexise1>{{cite web |url=http://www.centralexcisebelgaum.kar.nic.in/belgaum.htm |title=History of Belgaum |publisher=Central Excise Belgaum |access-date=17 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310035121/http://www.centralexcisebelgaum.kar.nic.in/belgaum.htm |archive-date=10 March 2015 }}</ref> | ||
[[File:Gandhi at the Belgaum Congress 1924.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] at the Belgaum Congress 1924]] | [[File:Gandhi at the Belgaum Congress 1924.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] at the Belgaum Congress 1924]] | ||
The Belgaum fort was strengthened by the Adil Shah dynasty Sultans and they built the Safa Mosque. A Persian inscription states that the mosque was built by Asad Khan, a Bijapur Commander. In 1518, the Bahamani sultanate splintered into five small states and Belgaum became part of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]]. The Adilshahis extended their control to the port of Goa, but retreated after the arrival and wars with the Portuguese. In 1686, the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] overthrew the Bijapur sultanate and Belgaum passed nominally to the Mughals, who called it "Azamnagar".<ref name=cexise1/> However, the Mughal empire control collapsed after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The [[Maratha]] confederacy took control of the area during the rule of the [[Peshwa]]s. In 1776, the region was overrun by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] after Hyder Ali's coup in the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. The Peshwa regained Belgaum, after Tipu Sultan was defeated by the British forces. In 1818, the [[East India Company|British]] annexed Belgaum and the region in the control of the Peshwa. [[Kitturu Chennamma]] (1778–1829) was the queen of the princely state of Kittur in [[Karnataka]] and in 1824 she led an unsuccessful armed rebellion against the British in response to the [[Doctrine of lapse]]. | The Belgaum fort was strengthened by the Adil Shah dynasty Sultans and they built the Safa Mosque. A Persian inscription states that the mosque was built by Asad Khan, a Bijapur Commander. In 1518, the Bahamani sultanate splintered into five small states and Belgaum became part of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]]. The Adilshahis extended their control to the port of Goa, but retreated after the arrival and wars with the Portuguese. In 1686, the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] overthrew the Bijapur sultanate and Belgaum passed nominally to the Mughals, who called it "Azamnagar".<ref name=cexise1/> However, the Mughal empire control collapsed after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The [[Maratha]] confederacy took control of the area during the rule of the [[Peshwa]]s. In 1776, the region was overrun by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] after Hyder Ali's coup in the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. The Peshwa regained Belgaum, after Tipu Sultan was defeated by the British forces. In 1818, the [[East India Company|British]] annexed Belgaum and the region in the control of the Peshwa. [[Kitturu Chennamma]] (1778–1829) was the queen of the princely state of Kittur in [[Karnataka]] and in 1824 she led an unsuccessful armed rebellion against the British in response to the [[Doctrine of lapse]]. | ||
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Belgaum was chosen as the venue of the 39th session of the [[Indian National Congress]] in December 1924 under the presidency of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. The city served as a major military installation for the [[British Raj]], primarily due to its proximity to [[Goa]], which was then a Portuguese territory. Once the British left India, the Indian government continued and still continues to have armed forces installations in Belgaum. In 1961, the Indian government, under Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], used forces from Belgaum to end [[Portugal|Portuguese]] rule of [[Goa]]. | Belgaum was chosen as the venue of the 39th session of the [[Indian National Congress]] in December 1924 under the presidency of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. The city served as a major military installation for the [[British Raj]], primarily due to its proximity to [[Goa]], which was then a Portuguese territory. Once the British left India, the Indian government continued and still continues to have armed forces installations in Belgaum. In 1961, the Indian government, under Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], used forces from Belgaum to end [[Portugal|Portuguese]] rule of [[Goa]]. | ||
When India became independent in 1947, Belgaum and its district were part of [[Bombay State]]. In 1956, the Indian states were reorganised along linguistic lines by the [[States Reorganisation Act]] and Belgaum including 10 taluks of Bombay State were transferred to [[Mysore State]], which was renamed [[Karnataka]] in 1973.<ref name="TOI-Dispute">{{cite news |title=Karnataka-Maharashtra border dispute Explained: What is Belagavi border dispute between Karnataka and Maharashtra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/explained-what-is-belagavi-border-dispute-between-karnataka-and-maharashtra/articleshow/80493402.cms |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date= | When India became independent in 1947, Belgaum and its district were part of [[Bombay State]]. In 1956, the Indian states were reorganised along linguistic lines by the [[States Reorganisation Act]] and Belgaum including 10 taluks of Bombay State were transferred to [[Mysore State]], which was renamed [[Karnataka]] in 1973.<ref name="TOI-Dispute">{{cite news |title=Karnataka-Maharashtra border dispute Explained: What is Belagavi border dispute between Karnataka and Maharashtra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/explained-what-is-belagavi-border-dispute-between-karnataka-and-maharashtra/articleshow/80493402.cms |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=28 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
In 2006, the [[Government of Karnataka]] announced that Belgaum would be made the state's second capital, and that the city would be a permanent venue for the annual 15-day winter session of the state legislature.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=418913|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213061758/http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=418913 | In 2006, the [[Government of Karnataka]] announced that Belgaum would be made the state's second capital, and that the city would be a permanent venue for the annual 15-day winter session of the state legislature.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=418913|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213061758/http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=418913|title=Belgaum to be made Karnataka's second capital|archive-date=13 February 2009|magazine=Outlook |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> | ||
== City names == | == City names == | ||
On 1 November 2014, the city's name was changed from Belgaum to Belagavi by the Karnataka government, with approval of the [[central government of India]] along with 12 other cities.<ref>{{cite news|title=It'll be 'Bengaluru' from 1 Nov|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct82006/index2044162006107.asp|access-date=4 January 2011|date=8 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020325/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct82006/index2044162006107.asp|archive-date=6 April 2012 | On 1 November 2014, the city's name was changed from Belgaum to Belagavi by the Karnataka government, with approval of the [[central government of India]] along with 12 other cities.<ref>{{cite news|title=It'll be 'Bengaluru' from 1 Nov|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct82006/index2044162006107.asp|access-date=4 January 2011|date=8 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020325/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct82006/index2044162006107.asp|archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=New name for cities|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/from-bangalore-to-bengaluru/article6553314.ece|access-date=1 November 2014|work=The Hindu}}</ref> Belgaum is known as Belgaon (IPA: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[beːɭɡaːʋ]]]) in Maharashtra and amongst [[Marathi people]]. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|title=Religions in Belgaum (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Karnataka|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | |title=Religions in Belgaum City (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Karnataka|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1=Religion | |left1=Religion | ||
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|float=right | |float=right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Karnataka| | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Karnataka|Hinduism]]|darkorange|73.24}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|20.62}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Karnataka| | {{bar percent|[[Jainism in Karnataka|Jainism]]|brown|4.22}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Karnataka| | {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Karnataka|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.10}} | ||
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.82}} | {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.82}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
As per the 2011 India [[census]], the population of Belgaum city is 490,045. Males constitute 246,537 of the population and females 243,508. Belgaum has an average literacy rate of 88.92%: 93.78% for males and 85.84% for females. 10.71% | As per the 2011 India [[census]], the population of Belgaum city is 490,045. Males constitute 246,537 of the population and females 243,508. Belgaum has an average literacy rate of 88.92%: 93.78% for males and 85.84% for females. 10.71% of the population is under 6 years of age. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 7.84% and 3.26% of the population respectively.<ref name="Census of India">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Hand Book: Belgaum |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/588/download/2000/DH_2011_2901_PART_A_DCHB_BELGAUM.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | ||
===Languages=== | ===Languages=== | ||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
|thumb = left | |thumb = left | ||
|caption = Languages of Belgaum | |caption = Languages of Belgaum City (2011)<ref name="language"/> | ||
|label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 37.46 |color1 = darkslateblue | |label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 37.46 |color1 = darkslateblue | ||
|label2 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value2 = 32.91 |color2 = red | |label2 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value2 = 32.91 |color2 = red | ||
| Line 351: | Line 349: | ||
|label4 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value4 = 2.64 |color4 = salmon | |label4 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value4 = 2.64 |color4 = salmon | ||
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 2.42 |color5 = orange | |label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 2.42 |color5 = orange | ||
|label6 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value6 = 1.92 |color6 = | |label6 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value6 = 1.92 |color6 = steelblue | ||
|label7 = Others |value7 = 2.83 |color7 = grey | |label7 = Others |value7 = 2.83 |color7 = grey | ||
}} | }} | ||
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The [[Belgaum border dispute]] is a dispute involving the Indian states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Belgaum, currently a part of Karnataka and earlier the erstwhile [[Bombay Presidency]], is claimed by Maharashtra on linguistic grounds. In 1956, the States Reorganization Act incorporated the Belgaum district including the 10 taluks in the [[Mysore state]], which became Karnataka in 1973. Though according to the 1881 census, 64.39% of the population of Belgaum were [[Kannada]] speakers and 26.04% spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref name="TOI-Dispute"/> | The [[Belgaum border dispute]] is a dispute involving the Indian states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Belgaum, currently a part of Karnataka and earlier the erstwhile [[Bombay Presidency]], is claimed by Maharashtra on linguistic grounds. In 1956, the States Reorganization Act incorporated the Belgaum district including the 10 taluks in the [[Mysore state]], which became Karnataka in 1973. Though according to the 1881 census, 64.39% of the population of Belgaum were [[Kannada]] speakers and 26.04% spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref name="TOI-Dispute"/> | ||
In 1948, the [[Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti]], a Belgaum based regional organisation fighting for the merger, was formed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kuber |first1=Girish |title=District's always been bone of contention |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1309841,curpg-2.cms |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date= | In 1948, the [[Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti]], a Belgaum based regional organisation fighting for the merger, was formed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kuber |first1=Girish |title=District's always been bone of contention |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1309841,curpg-2.cms |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=28 November 2005}}</ref> On 17 January 1956, Marathi activists against the inclusion were shot by the police forces of Mysore state. Since then, 17 January is observed as the 'martyr's day' by Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cariappa |first1=Nikhil |title=Karnataka: Shadow of Border Dispute in Marathi-Speaking Belagavi Looms Over Assembly Session |url=https://www.newsclick.in/Maharashtra-Ekikaran-Samiti-Vehicle-Marathi-Movement-Belagavi |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=NewsClick |date=24 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ET_Jan2021"/> | ||
On 11 November 2005, Karnataka Rakshna Vedike (KRV) activists daubed Belgaum Mayor Vijay More's face with black paint (and later surrendered to the police)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/13/stories/2005111316210300.htm | title=Ten Vedike Members Surrender | date=13 November 2005 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=24 January 2019 }}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> in the wake of Belgaum City Corporation (BCC) passing a resolution<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/27/stories/2005112704240500.htm|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 November 2005|title=Karnataka / Belgaum News : Supersession of BCC came as no surprise}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111719950100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120043640/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111719950100.htm | On 11 November 2005, Karnataka Rakshna Vedike (KRV) activists daubed Belgaum Mayor Vijay More's face with black paint (and later surrendered to the police)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/13/stories/2005111316210300.htm | title=Ten Vedike Members Surrender | date=13 November 2005 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=24 January 2019 }}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> in the wake of Belgaum City Corporation (BCC) passing a resolution<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/27/stories/2005112704240500.htm|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 November 2005|title=Karnataka / Belgaum News: Supersession of BCC came as no surprise}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111719950100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120043640/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111719950100.htm|archive-date=20 January 2016|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 November 2005|title=Front Page: Belgaum corporation: decision today}}</ref> to include the district of Belgaum into [[Maharashtra]], a neighbouring state. Upon his return to Belgaum, Vijay More was served with several show-cause notices by the Government of Karnataka and later dissolved the council.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30207658.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912201954/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2225/stories/20051216007912400.htm|title=A dispute revived|first=Ravi|last=Sharma|archive-date=12 September 2012|website=Frontline}}</ref> | ||
Following this incident, in the following year's election, Prashanta Budavi, wife of KRV (Karnataka Rakshana Vedike) City President Shantinath Budavi was appointed as mayor of the Belgaum City Corporation. Maharashtra has asked to bring 865 disputed villages including Belgaum under centre's rule until [[Supreme court]]'s final verdict. N.D. Patil, head of legal-committee appointed by Maharashtra government said that Karnataka is intensifying the problem. He added that Marathi people of border region are not able to live with honour and dignity under Karnataka's rule pointing out to the 'unconstitutional' dissolution of Belgaum city corporation and manhandling of Belgaum mayor by Kannada activists at [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1324999.cms |title=Bring border region under centre's rule until problem is solved |access-date=29 October 2006 |date=9 December 2005|work=Maharashtra Times|language=mr }}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> | Following this incident, in the following year's election, Prashanta Budavi, wife of KRV (Karnataka Rakshana Vedike) City President Shantinath Budavi was appointed as mayor of the Belgaum City Corporation. Maharashtra has asked to bring 865 disputed villages including Belgaum under centre's rule until [[Supreme court]]'s final verdict. N.D. Patil, head of legal-committee appointed by Maharashtra government said that Karnataka is intensifying the problem. He added that Marathi people of border region are not able to live with honour and dignity under Karnataka's rule pointing out to the 'unconstitutional' dissolution of Belgaum city corporation and manhandling of Belgaum mayor by Kannada activists at [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1324999.cms |title=Bring border region under centre's rule until problem is solved |access-date=29 October 2006 |date=9 December 2005|work=Maharashtra Times|language=mr }}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> | ||
Even though case is pending in supreme court, in 2019, Deputy CM of Maharashtra [[Ajit Pawar]] called for the incorporation of Belgaum along with Karwar and Nipani area in [[Maharashtra]] citing it was of dream of [[Shiv Sena]] founder [[Bal Thackeray]], a statement reiterated by CM [[Uddhav Thackeray]] in January 2021.<ref name="TOI-Dispute" /> Thackeray went on to term the region as 'Karnataka-occupied areas'.<ref name="ET_Jan2021">{{cite news |title=Will incorporate 'Karnataka-occupied areas' into Maha: Uddhav |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/will-incorporate-karnataka-occupied-areas-into-maha-uddhav/articleshow/80312433.cms |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=17 January 2021}}</ref> The case regarding the dispute is pending before the Supreme Court for many years.<ref name="TOI-Dispute" /> | |||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
The city's humble industrial growth begin when an entrepreneur named Babu Rao Pusalkar set up a small unit in city over a century ago and that transformed Belagavi city into foundry and hydraulics base.<ref name=thehindubusinessline>{{cite news |last1=Urs |first1=Anil |title=Belagavi: A city on the frontlines reinvents itself |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/belagavi-a-city-on-the-frontlines-reinvents-itself/article8310110.ece |access-date=14 December 2019 |work=@businessline |language=en}}</ref> | The city's humble industrial growth begin when an entrepreneur named Babu Rao Pusalkar set up a small unit in city over a century ago and that transformed Belagavi city into foundry and hydraulics base.<ref name=thehindubusinessline>{{cite news |last1=Urs |first1=Anil |title=Belagavi: A city on the frontlines reinvents itself |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/belagavi-a-city-on-the-frontlines-reinvents-itself/article8310110.ece |access-date=14 December 2019 |work=@businessline |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Belgaum is an important source of vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, fish, mining production, and wood (due to heavy rainfall, rivers and the abundance of water). Trading in [[North Karnataka]] is mainly with [[Goa]] and [[Maharashtra]] along with major cities like [[Pune]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Mangalore]]. Rich deposits of [[Bauxite]] are found in [[Belgaum district]] and have led to the creation of the Indian [[aluminium]]-producing company [[Hindalco Industries]] of the [[Aditya Birla Group]].<ref name="karnatakaindustry.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.karnatakaindustry.gov.in/natural_resources.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206051236/http://www.karnatakaindustry.gov.in/natural_resources.php | Belgaum is an important source of vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, fish, mining production, and wood (due to heavy rainfall, rivers and the abundance of water). Trading in [[North Karnataka]] is mainly with [[Goa]] and [[Maharashtra]] along with major cities like [[Pune]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Mangalore]]. Rich deposits of [[Bauxite]] are found in [[Belgaum district]] and have led to the creation of the Indian [[aluminium]]-producing company [[Hindalco Industries]] of the [[Aditya Birla Group]].<ref name="karnatakaindustry.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.karnatakaindustry.gov.in/natural_resources.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206051236/http://www.karnatakaindustry.gov.in/natural_resources.php|title=Natural Resources in the State of Karnataka - Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Government of Karnataka|archive-date=6 December 2007}}</ref> [[Uranium]] deposits have been found at Deshnur, a small village near [[Bailhongal]] town.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/Belgaum-poised-for-further-growth-in-industrial-and-farm-sectors/article16197921.ece | title=Belgaum poised for further growth in industrial and farm sectors | date=16 July 2010 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=Vijaykumar | last=Patil | access-date=24 January 2019 }}</ref> | ||
A {{convert|300|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Special Economic Zone]] (India's first Private [[Aerospace]] [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]] ) is being set up along the Pune-Bangalore National Highway (NH-4) to cater to the [[precision engineering]] requirements of the global aerospace, automotive and industrial verticals.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|first=Chiranjoy|last=Sen|date=4 July 2007|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/quest-plans-300-acre-aerospace-sez-in-belgaum/articleshow/2173031.cms|title=Quest plans 300-acre aerospace SEZ in Belgaum|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref> | A {{convert|300|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Special Economic Zone]] (India's first Private [[Aerospace]] [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]] ) is being set up along the Pune-Bangalore National Highway (NH-4) to cater to the [[precision engineering]] requirements of the global aerospace, automotive and industrial verticals.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|first=Chiranjoy|last=Sen|date=4 July 2007|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/quest-plans-300-acre-aerospace-sez-in-belgaum/articleshow/2173031.cms|title=Quest plans 300-acre aerospace SEZ in Belgaum|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref> | ||
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Belgaum's salubrious climate, proximity to the coast and strategic position near [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Goa]] commended it to the British as a suitable location for an army training centre and [[cantonment]], which it continues to be today for the [[Indian Armed Forces]], along with an air force station of the [[Indian Air Force]]. The British had a sizeable [[infantry]] post here, having realised the military importance of its geographical location. | Belgaum's salubrious climate, proximity to the coast and strategic position near [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Goa]] commended it to the British as a suitable location for an army training centre and [[cantonment]], which it continues to be today for the [[Indian Armed Forces]], along with an air force station of the [[Indian Air Force]]. The British had a sizeable [[infantry]] post here, having realised the military importance of its geographical location. | ||
Development of a rail network for movement of resources and later troops was one of the means employed by both the [[British East India Company|East India Company]] and the British to exert control over India. Belgaum houses the [[Maratha Light Infantry]] Regimental Centre (MLIRC). It also houses the Commando Training Wing which is a part of the Junior Leaders Wing (formerly known as Infantry School,Belgaum). This establishment is affiliated to The Infantry School, [[Mhow#The Indian Army and Mhow|Mhow]]. Herein, Infantry Officers and Soldiers are trained in endurance, escape and evasion, guerrilla and commando warfare techniques and to live off the land. The [[commando]] course at Belgaum is mandatory for all Infantry Officers. Officers of Other branches of the military and even some foreign officers undertake the course, upon being nominated to do so. In between the Military Hospital and the Junior Leaders Wing lies the [[Belgaum Military School]], established in 1945 spread over an area of {{convert|64|acre|ha}}. The School provides quality education to sons of wards of Servicemen and Ex Servicemen of the Armed Forces. Several of them go on to join the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]. | Development of a rail network for movement of resources and later troops was one of the means employed by both the [[British East India Company|East India Company]] and the British to exert control over India. Belgaum houses the [[Maratha Light Infantry]] Regimental Centre (MLIRC). It also houses the Commando Training Wing which is a part of the Junior Leaders Wing (formerly known as Infantry School, Belgaum). This establishment is affiliated to The Infantry School, [[Mhow#The Indian Army and Mhow|Mhow]]. Herein, Infantry Officers and Soldiers are trained in endurance, escape and evasion, guerrilla and commando warfare techniques and to live off the land. The [[commando]] course at Belgaum is mandatory for all Infantry Officers. Officers of Other branches of the military and even some foreign officers undertake the course, upon being nominated to do so. In between the Military Hospital and the Junior Leaders Wing lies the [[Belgaum Military School]], established in 1945 spread over an area of {{convert|64|acre|ha}}. The School provides quality education to sons of wards of Servicemen and Ex Servicemen of the Armed Forces. Several of them go on to join the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]. | ||
The [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]], ITBP, is building a full-fledged recreation and training centre in Belgaum at Halbhavi. Belgaum provides an excellent climate for recreation and [[ITBP]] will have large family bases in Belgaum for its soldiers after high altitude stressful duty. | The [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]], ITBP, is building a full-fledged recreation and training centre in Belgaum at Halbhavi. Belgaum provides an excellent climate for recreation and [[ITBP]] will have large family bases in Belgaum for its soldiers after high altitude stressful duty. | ||
The [[Central Reserve Police Force]] Institute of elite central paramilitary forces is setting up a national-level training institution (for jungle warfare) at Khanapur in Belgaum. The establishment, called the [[Commando Battalion for Resolute Action|CoBRA School of Jungle Warfare]] is already operational.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Munish Chandra |title=CBI books 5 CRPF personnel for taking bribes to induct failed candidates into elite CoBRA unit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/crpf-cobra-unit-cbi-books-personnel-recruitment-racket-bribes-1864890-2021-10-14 |work=India Today |date=October | The [[Central Reserve Police Force]] Institute of elite central paramilitary forces is setting up a national-level training institution (for jungle warfare) at Khanapur in Belgaum. The establishment, called the [[Commando Battalion for Resolute Action|CoBRA School of Jungle Warfare]] is already operational.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Munish Chandra |title=CBI books 5 CRPF personnel for taking bribes to induct failed candidates into elite CoBRA unit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/crpf-cobra-unit-cbi-books-personnel-recruitment-racket-bribes-1864890-2021-10-14 |work=India Today |date=14 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Culture/Cityscape== | ==Culture/Cityscape== | ||
===Cuisine=== | ===Cuisine=== | ||
The cuisine of Belgaum is derived from the food cultures of three regions [[Karnataka]], [[Konkan]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Cuisine"/> Typical breakfast items include poori-bhaji, idli-dosa, uppit (upma), sheera, sabudana khichadi and sabuvada. Chapatis, rice, bhakari (jowar rotti), thalipeeth, jhunka and vegetables are eaten for lunch. Non-vegetarian preparations such as various seafoods are cooked in Goan, Maharashtrian, and North Karnataka style. Belgaum is noted for a specific kind of [[biryani]], the ''Belagavi Biryani'', which uses ''Belagavi Basmati Rice'' for its preparation.<ref name="Cuisine">{{cite news |last1=Mudakavi |first1=Divyashri |title=Helping rural women become better entrepreneurs |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/helping-rural-women-become-better-entrepreneurs-1101076.html |access-date=2 June 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=15 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Belgaum is known for ''kunda'', a sweet | Belgaum is known for ''kunda'', a milk-based sweet.<ref>{{cite news|language=mr|url=http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4821635585688496968&SectionId=3&SectionName=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97&fb_comment_id=674028245959753_1051389811556926|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724161057/http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4821635585688496968&SectionId=3&SectionName=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97&fb_comment_id=674028245959753_1051389811556926|archive-date=24 July 2015|work=[[Sakal]]|first=Amit |last=Jadhav|title=खिम्याचे उंडे, बेसन चटणीची भेळ, कुंदा...|trans-title=Khimyācē Uṇḍē, Bēsan Caṭaṇīcī Bhēḷ, Kundā...|date=17 June 2012|access-date=24 July 2015|location=[[Solapur]]}}</ref> Another sweet, called ''maande'' in Marathi and | ||
''mandige'' in Kannada, is a prerequisite for weddings.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4759825881811668649&SectionId=3&SectionName=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97&NewsDate=20120408&NewsTitle=%27%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%27,%20%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF,%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87...%20(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)|language=mr|work=[[Sakal]]|title='लावलेले पोहे', दाळीतोय, मांडे...|trans-title='Lāvlēlē Pōhē', Dāḷītōy, Māṇḍē...|first=Anant |last=Manohar|location=Belgaon|date=8 April 2012|access-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724162238/http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4759825881811668649&SectionId=3&SectionName=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97&NewsDate=20120408&NewsTitle=%27%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%27,%20%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF,%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87...%20(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)|archive-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> | |||
==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
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===Air=== | ===Air=== | ||
[[File:Belagavi Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Belgaum Airport ]]]] | [[File:Belagavi Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Belgaum Airport ]]]] | ||
The city is served by [[Belgaum Airport]] at Sambra, which is the oldest airport in [[North Karnataka]] and lies {{convert|10|km}} from the city on [[State Highway 20 (Karnataka)|State Highway 20]]. Belgaum airport is included in UDAN 3 scheme. [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]], [[Spice Jet]], [[Star Air (India)|Star Air]], [[IndiGo]] and [[TruJet]] have flights to [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mysore]], [[Kadapa]], [[Tirupati]], [[Surat]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Indore]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Nagpur]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Nashik]] and [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile of Belgaum airport|url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/belgaum | The city is served by [[Belgaum Airport]] at Sambra, which is the oldest airport in [[North Karnataka]] and lies {{convert|10|km}} from the city on [[State Highway 20 (Karnataka)|State Highway 20]]. Belgaum airport is included in UDAN 3 scheme. [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]], [[Spice Jet]], [[Star Air (India)|Star Air]], [[IndiGo]] and [[TruJet]] have flights to [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mysore]], [[Kadapa]], [[Tirupati]], [[Surat]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Indore]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Nagpur]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Nashik]] and [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile of Belgaum airport|url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/belgaum |website=[[Airports Authority of India]]|access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref> Flight connectivity to [[Jodhpur]] will be soon started by [[Star Air (India)|Star Air]] in the future days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2021|title=Now, Star Air flight connects Belagavi with Jodhpur|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/now-star-air-flight-connects-belagavi-with-jodhpur/article33855138.ece|access-date=22 February 2022|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 January 2022|title=Star Air celebrates 3 years of Connecting Real India|url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/star-air-celebrates-3-years-of-connecting-real-india/813998/|access-date=22 February 2022|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
===Rail=== | ===Rail=== | ||
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===VTU=== | ===VTU=== | ||
{{Main|Visvesvaraya Technological University}} | {{Main|Visvesvaraya Technological University}} | ||
Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), named after Bharat Ratna Sir M Visweshwariah, is located in Machhe in Belgaum. It has more than 208 affiliated colleges. Over 67,000 students graduate from VTU every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vtu.ac.in/index.php/about-us/about-vtu.html |title=About VTU |publisher=VTU |date=15 October 2011 |access-date=15 October 2011 | Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), named after Bharat Ratna Sir M Visweshwariah, is located in Machhe in Belgaum. It has more than 208 affiliated colleges. Over 67,000 students graduate from VTU every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vtu.ac.in/index.php/about-us/about-vtu.html |title=About VTU |publisher=VTU |date=15 October 2011 |access-date=15 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010150420/http://www.vtu.ac.in/index.php/about-us/about-vtu.html |archive-date=10 October 2011 }}</ref> | ||
===Rani Channamma University=== | ===Rani Channamma University=== | ||
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<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[M. V. Chandgadkar]], cricket administrator and board secretary | |||
* [[Phadeppa Dareppa Chaugule]], India's first Olympic marathon runner | * [[Phadeppa Dareppa Chaugule]], India's first Olympic marathon runner | ||
* [[Raosaheb Gogte]], industrialist of the [[Gogte Group]]. Namesake of the [[Gogte Institute of Technology]], Gogte College of Commerce and Science, and the Gogte Circle in Belgaum. | * [[Raosaheb Gogte]], industrialist of the [[Gogte Group]]. Namesake of the [[Gogte Institute of Technology]], Gogte College of Commerce and Science, and the Gogte Circle in Belgaum. | ||
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* [[Pavani Reddy]], actor | * [[Pavani Reddy]], actor | ||
* [[Cornelia Sorabji]], lawyer and writer. Notably the first woman to practice law in India and Britain. | * [[Cornelia Sorabji]], lawyer and writer. Notably the first woman to practice law in India and Britain. | ||
* [[Shri Thanedar]], politician | * [[Shri Thanedar]], American politician | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* | * | ||
* [http://www.belagavicity.gov.in/ Municipal Corporation of Belgaum]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | * [http://www.belagavicity.gov.in/ Municipal Corporation of Belgaum]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160807065346/http://www.belagavi.nic.in/ Government website for Belgaum district] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160807065346/http://www.belagavi.nic.in/ Government website for Belgaum district] | ||