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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Indian communist and revolutionary}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}} | ||
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|name = Anuradha Ghandy | |name = Anuradha Ghandy | ||
|image = Anuradha_Ghandy.jpg | |image = Anuradha_Ghandy.jpg | ||
|alt = | |alt = | ||
|caption = <small>Source - bbc.co.uk - © [2009] BBC</small> | |caption = <small>Source - bbc.co.uk - © [2009] BBC</small> | ||
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|resting_place = | |resting_place = | ||
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|nationality = [[India]]n | |nationality = [[India]]n | ||
|other_names = Narmada, Varsha, Rama, Anu, Janaki | |other_names = Narmada, Varsha, Rama, Anu, Janaki | ||
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|employer = | |employer = | ||
|known_for = Prominent Figure of Maoist movement in India | |known_for = Prominent Figure of Maoist movement in India | ||
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|opponents = | |opponents = | ||
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|spouse = {{marriage|[[Kobad Ghandy]]|1983}} | |spouse = {{marriage|[[Kobad Ghandy]]|1983}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Anuradha Ghandy''' (28 March 1954 – 12 April 2008) was an Indian [[communist]], writer, and [[revolutionary]] leader. She was a Central Committee member of the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]. She was one of the founding members of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]], in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/29/stories/2008042956290700.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501170758/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/29/stories/2008042956290700.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 May 2008 | title=Maoist leader Anuradha dead | author=Special Correspondent | work=[[The Hindu]] | date= 29 April 2008}}</ref> | '''Anuradha Ghandy''' (28 March 1954 – 12 April 2008) was an Indian [[communist]], writer, and [[revolutionary]] leader. She was a Central Committee member of the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]. She was one of the founding members of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]], in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/29/stories/2008042956290700.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501170758/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/29/stories/2008042956290700.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 May 2008 | title=Maoist leader Anuradha dead | author=Special Correspondent | work=[[The Hindu]] | date= 29 April 2008}}</ref> | ||
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==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Anuradha was born to an older generation of communists, Ganesh and Kumud Shanbag,<ref name="OPEN"/> who were married in the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] office in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="OPEN"/> They were in the party till the mid-1950s, when it had not yet branched into the present Maoist and Marxist factions.<ref name="OPEN"/> Ganesh later got into the Defence committee, and volunteered to work in the cases filed against the communists.<ref name="OPEN"/> Kumud has been an active social worker all her life, and is at present involved with a women's group. The couple were very [[Left-wing|progressive]] in the way they brought up their children, who later became revolutionaries. Anuradha's brother, [[Sunil Shanbag]], is a [[Progressivism|progressive]] [[Mumbai]]-based playwright, writing left-wing revolutionary plays. Anuradha attended J. B. Petit School in [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]]. The children were exposed to varied views and ideas and were motivated to read a lot and develop their own interests such as classical dancing and theatre.<ref name="OPEN"/> In such a household, where communist ideas enjoyed a monopoly, it was inevitable that Anuradha would become intrigued with revolutionary politics. The prime period for the communist propaganda in India was the 1970s, with the [[Cultural Revolution]] in China, [[opposition to the Vietnam War]] in the US, and many other social changes. It was during this time that [[Naxalbari]] came into being, starting tribal and workers revolts across whole of South Asia. Anuradha was then involved with PROYOM, a radical student group. | Anuradha was born to an older generation of communists, Ganesh and Kumud Shanbag,<ref name="OPEN"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Punwani|first=Jyoti|date=2020-12-18|title=Kumud Shanbag: More than a revolutionary's mother|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/kumud-shanbag-more-than-a-revolutionarys-mother/article33365475.ece|access-date=2022-02-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> who were married in the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] office in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="OPEN"/> They were in the party till the mid-1950s, when it had not yet branched into the present Maoist and Marxist factions.<ref name="OPEN"/> Ganesh later got into the Defence committee, and volunteered to work in the cases filed against the communists.<ref name="OPEN"/> Kumud has been an active social worker all her life, and is at present involved with a women's group. The couple were very [[Left-wing|progressive]] in the way they brought up their children, who later became revolutionaries. Anuradha's brother, [[Sunil Shanbag]], is a [[Progressivism|progressive]] [[Mumbai]]-based playwright, writing left-wing revolutionary plays. Anuradha attended J. B. Petit School in [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]]. The children were exposed to varied views and ideas and were motivated to read a lot and develop their own interests such as classical dancing and theatre.<ref name="OPEN"/> In such a household, where communist ideas enjoyed a monopoly, it was inevitable that Anuradha would become intrigued with revolutionary politics. The prime period for the communist propaganda in India was the 1970s, with the [[Cultural Revolution]] in China, [[opposition to the Vietnam War]] in the US, and many other social changes. It was during this time that [[Naxalbari]] came into being, starting tribal and workers revolts across whole of South Asia. Anuradha was then involved with PROYOM, a radical student group. | ||
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
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==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
In November 1983, Anuradha Shanbag married [[Kobad Ghandy]], also a [[Naxalite]] like herself.<ref> | In November 1983, Anuradha Shanbag married [[Kobad Ghandy]], also a [[Naxalite]] like herself.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/india/the-rebel | title=The Rebel | date=23 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= Kobad Ghandy |title= Letter to the Editor |url= http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/letter-to-the-editor |work = [[OPEN (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] |date= 8 May 2010 }}</ref> Ghandy hails from a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]-[[Parsi]] family.<ref>{{cite web |author= Nauzer Bharucha |title= Kobad's father backed cause: Brother-in-law |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-24/mumbai/28098945_1_kobad-anuradha-worli |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110811063757/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-24/mumbai/28098945_1_kobad-anuradha-worli |url-status= dead |archive-date= 11 August 2011 |work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 24 September 2009 }}</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Anuradha died of causes related to [[Plasmodium falciparum|falciparum]] [[malaria]] on 12 April 2008. [[Systemic scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]] had weakened her immune system, leading to multiple organ failure, which was, among other things.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://parsiana.com/archives/details.asp?article_id%3D2614%26search_for%3D |title=A Comrade and Companion |date=21 April 2010 |work= [Parsiana]}}</ref> It was during her stint in Jharkhand, educating the tribals against oppression of women in their society, when she contracted cerebral malaria.<ref name="OPEN"/> During her final days, she had been training the women cadre to develop leadership skills. | Anuradha died of causes related to [[Plasmodium falciparum|falciparum]] [[malaria]] on 12 April 2008. Due to her fear of government persecution including arrests or false encounters (she would be seen by the state as a ‘Maoist terrorist’) she had given the doctor she went to for a checkup a false name and dud phone number. When the doctor found that she had the parasite [[Plasmodium falciparum]], he could not get through to her to warn her about these test results. On April 11, 2008, she was admitted to a hospital in Mumbai, but by then it was too late to save her. She died at the age of 54 on April 12, 2008. [[Systemic scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]] had weakened her immune system, leading to multiple organ failure, which was, among other things, a contributing factor to her tragic death.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://parsiana.com/archives/details.asp?article_id%3D2614%26search_for%3D |title=A Comrade and Companion |date=21 April 2010 |work= [Parsiana]}}</ref> It was during her stint in Jharkhand, educating the tribals against oppression of women in their society, when she contracted cerebral malaria.<ref name="OPEN"/> During her final days, she had been training the women cadre to develop leadership skills. | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
* 2001: "Fascism, Fundamentalism, and Patriarchy" | * 2001: "Fascism, Fundamentalism, and Patriarchy"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ansari|first=Halima Zoha|date=2022-01-09|title=Anuradha Ghandy On Hindutva, Women In RSS & A Complete Abolition Of Caste|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2022/01/10/anuradha-ghandy-hindutva-rss-women-caste/|access-date=2022-02-17|website=Feminism In India|language=en-GB}}</ref> | ||
*2001: "People's War has shattered the hesitations of the women of Dandakaranya" | *2001: "People's War has shattered the hesitations of the women of Dandakaranya" | ||
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*2006: ''Philosophical Trends in the Feminist Movement'' | *2006: ''Philosophical Trends in the Feminist Movement'' | ||
*2012: ''Scripting the Change: Selected Writings of Anuradha Ghandy'' | *2012: ''Scripting the Change: Selected Writings of Anuradha Ghandy'' | ||
*2015: ''The Caste Question In India'' | |||
==References== | ==References== |