.svg)
Garra mullya: Difference between revisions
CleanupBot (talk | contribs) m (→Taxonomy: clean up) |
m (robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} | |||
{{Short description|Species of fish}} | {{Short description|Species of fish}} | ||
{{Speciesbox | {{Speciesbox | ||
| image = Garra mullya | | image = Garra mullya.jpg | ||
| status = LC | | status = LC | ||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn | author = Dahanukar, N. | | | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Dahanukar, N. |date=2011 |title=''Garra mullya'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T166590A6242573 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T166590A6242573.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| taxon = Garra mullya | | taxon = Garra mullya | ||
| display_parents = 3 | | display_parents = 3 | ||
| Line 16: | Line 17: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''mullya garra''' (''Garra mullya'') or '''sucker fish''' is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] in the genus ''[[Garra]]''. It is found in streams and rivers throughout | The '''mullya garra''' (''Garra mullya'') or '''sucker fish''' is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] in the genus ''[[Garra]]''. It is found in streams and rivers throughout India except for [[Assam]] and the [[Himalayas]]. Reports of the species from [[Nepal]] have not been verified.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Himalayas))|first=Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (Eastern|date=28 September 2010|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Garra mullya|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=12 February 2021|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}</ref> | ||
== Taxonomy == | == Taxonomy == | ||
A 2021 study found ''G. mullya'' to be the [[Sister group|sister species]] to the [[Ceylon logsucker|stone sucker]] (''G. ceylonensis'') from [[Sri Lanka]], with the ancestor of ''G. ceylonensis'' originating in India and colonizing Sri Lanka during the late [[Pliocene]]. The study also found ''G. mullya'' to comprise two genetically distinct [[Parapatric speciation|parapatric]] [[ | A 2021 study found ''G. mullya'' to be the [[Sister group|sister species]] to the [[Ceylon logsucker|stone sucker]] (''G. ceylonensis'') from [[Sri Lanka]], with the ancestor of ''G. ceylonensis'' originating in India and colonizing Sri Lanka during the late [[Pliocene]]. The study also found ''G. mullya'' to comprise two genetically distinct [[Parapatric speciation|parapatric]] [[Clade]]s, which may represent two distinct species.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Sudasinghe|first=Hiranya|last2=Dahanukar|first2=Neelesh|last3=Raghavan|first3=Rajeev|last4=Senavirathna|first4=Tharani|last5=Shewale|first5=Dipeshwari J.|last6=Paingankar|first6=Mandar S.|last7=Amarasinghe|first7=Anjalie|last8=Pethiyagoda|first8=Rohan|last9=Rüber|first9=Lukas|last10=Meegaskumbura|first10=Madhava|title=Island colonization by a ‘rheophilic’ fish: the phylogeography of Garra ceylonensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa221/6132423|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|doi=10.1093/biolinnean/blaa221|doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
== Distribution == | == Distribution == | ||
The species is found in many [[Drainage basin|river basins]] throughout [[South India|peninsular India]], including the [[Tapti River|Tapti]], [[Narmada River|Narmada]], [[Mahanadi]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]], [[Krishna River|Krishna]], and [[Kaveri]] river systems. It is found in mountain streams and lowland rivers, and seems to be rather resistant to [[Water pollution in India|pollution]], as it has been abundantly recorded from polluted rivers such as the [[Bhadra River]] and the [[Mula River (India)|Mula]]-[[Mutha River|Mutha]] rivers.<ref name=":0" /> However, it is apparently sensitive to [[endosulfan]], as a 2011 survey found it to have disappeared from streams around [[Kasaragod]] after endosulfan was sprayed around [[cashew]] plantations.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mathew|first=Roy|date=2011 | The species is found in many [[Drainage basin|river basins]] throughout [[South India|peninsular India]], including the [[Tapti River|Tapti]], [[Narmada River|Narmada]], [[Mahanadi]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]], [[Krishna River|Krishna]], and [[Kaveri]] river systems. It is found in mountain streams and lowland rivers, and seems to be rather resistant to [[Water pollution in India|pollution]], as it has been abundantly recorded from polluted rivers such as the [[Bhadra River]] and the [[Mula River (India)|Mula]]-[[Mutha River|Mutha]] rivers.<ref name=":0" /> However, it is apparently sensitive to [[endosulfan]], as a 2011 survey found it to have disappeared from streams around [[Kasaragod]] after endosulfan was sprayed around [[cashew]] plantations.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mathew|first=Roy|date=22 April 2011|title=Endosulfan destroyed biodiversity of Kasaragod villages|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Endosulfan-destroyed-biodiversity-of-Kasaragod-villages/article10693037.ece|access-date=12 February 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It breeds from December to January and migrates upstream for spawning.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Status == | == Status == | ||
Latest revision as of 16:15, 15 January 2022
| Garra mullya | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | Garra |
| Species: | G. mullya
|
| Binomial name | |
| Garra mullya | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The mullya garra (Garra mullya) or sucker fish is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra. It is found in streams and rivers throughout India except for Assam and the Himalayas. Reports of the species from Nepal have not been verified.[3]
Taxonomy[edit]
A 2021 study found G. mullya to be the sister species to the stone sucker (G. ceylonensis) from Sri Lanka, with the ancestor of G. ceylonensis originating in India and colonizing Sri Lanka during the late Pliocene. The study also found G. mullya to comprise two genetically distinct parapatric Clades, which may represent two distinct species.[4]
Distribution[edit]
The species is found in many river basins throughout peninsular India, including the Tapti, Narmada, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri river systems. It is found in mountain streams and lowland rivers, and seems to be rather resistant to pollution, as it has been abundantly recorded from polluted rivers such as the Bhadra River and the Mula-Mutha rivers.[3] However, it is apparently sensitive to endosulfan, as a 2011 survey found it to have disappeared from streams around Kasaragod after endosulfan was sprayed around cashew plantations.[5] It breeds from December to January and migrates upstream for spawning.[3]
Status[edit]
The species is not of importance in commercial fisheries, but is caught in large numbers for subsistence fishing and is preferred by many; these fisheries do not seem to threaten the species. There are no reports of widespread threats to the species, and it is thus considered as least concern on the IUCN Red List. However, it has been suggested that more research into its population status, harvest levels, and threats may be essential.[3]
References[edit]
- ↑ Dahanukar, N. (2011). "Garra mullya". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T166590A6242573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T166590A6242573.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ↑ Template:Fishbase
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Himalayas)), Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (Eastern (28 September 2010). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Garra mullya". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ↑ Sudasinghe, Hiranya; Dahanukar, Neelesh; Raghavan, Rajeev; Senavirathna, Tharani; Shewale, Dipeshwari J.; Paingankar, Mandar S.; Amarasinghe, Anjalie; Pethiyagoda, Rohan; Rüber, Lukas; Meegaskumbura, Madhava. "Island colonization by a 'rheophilic' fish: the phylogeography of Garra ceylonensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa221.
- ↑ Mathew, Roy (22 April 2011). "Endosulfan destroyed biodiversity of Kasaragod villages". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 February 2021.