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Different names of Chaliyam:
Different names of Chaliyam:


* Muslim navigators: al-Shaliat <ref>Henry Yule. ''Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Volume 1'' Taylor & Francis, 2017</ref> Chaliyam, at small port south of Kozhikode at the time, is not regularly mentioned under this name in the Arabic and Persian geographical literature. It does feature in Abu al-Fida's ''Taqwin al-Buldan'' (14th century). Two 14th-century Islamic tombstones are recorded at the site.<ref>Hall. ''Secondary Cities & Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, c. 1400-1800'' Lexington Books, 1955 </ref>
* Muslim navigators: al-Shaliat <ref name="ReferenceA">Henry Yule. ''Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Volume 1'' Taylor & Francis, 2017</ref> Chaliyam, at small port south of Kozhikode at the time, is not regularly mentioned under this name in the Arabic and Persian geographical literature. It does feature in Abu al-Fida's ''Taqwin al-Buldan'' (14th century). Two 14th-century Islamic tombstones are recorded at the site.<ref>Hall. ''Secondary Cities & Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, c. 1400-1800'' Lexington Books, 1955</ref>


* European navigators: Chale/Challe/Chalia or Chaly<ref>Henry Yule. ''Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Volume 1'' Taylor & Francis, 2017</ref>
* European navigators: Chale/Challe/Chalia or Chaly<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


* Saliyam: the home of the Saliya community. The Saliyas figure as the dominant weaving community in medieval South India. Presently, the Chaliya (Chaliyan or Saliya) is an Other Backward Class in [[Kerala State|Kerala]].<ref>Kerala Public Service Commission [https://www.keralapsc.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&id=338&Itemid=198]</ref>
* Saliyam: the home of the Saliya community. The Saliyas figure as the dominant weaving community in medieval South India. Presently, the Chaliya (Chaliyan or Saliya) is an Other Backward Class in [[Kerala State|Kerala]].<ref>[https://www.keralapsc.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&id=338&Itemid=198 Kerala Public Service Commission]</ref>


Chaliyam is believed to be one of the location of the founding mosques of Kerala. As per this tradition, the ''qazi'' of the mosque established at Chaliyam was Taqy ud-Din.<ref>William Logan. ''Malabar: District Manual, Volume 1'' Asian Educational Services, 1887</ref> [[Ibn Battuta|Ibn Batutah]] seems to have visited Chaliyam in the 14th century. He describes the settlement: "I next came to the city of Shaliat, where the Shaliats are made and hence they derive their name. This is a fine city..."<ref>William Logan. ''Malabar: District Manual, Volume 1'' Asian Educational Services, 1887</ref> The first railway line in Kerala was laid in 1861 from [[Tirur]] to Chaliyam through [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], [[Parappanangadi]], [[Vallikkunnu]], and [[Kadalundi]].<ref name="tps">{{Cite news|title=ആ ചൂളംവിളി പിന്നെയും പിന്നെയും...|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/malappuram/specials/50-years-of-malappuram/kerala-first-railway-line-tirur-to-beypore-1.3880175|date=17 June 2019|access-date=19 December 2020|work=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
Chaliyam is believed to be one of the location of the founding mosques of Kerala. As per this tradition, the ''qazi'' of the mosque established at Chaliyam was Taqy ud-Din.<ref name="ReferenceB">William Logan. ''Malabar: District Manual, Volume 1'' Asian Educational Services, 1887</ref> [[Ibn Battuta|Ibn Batutah]] seems to have visited Chaliyam in the 14th century. He describes the settlement: "I next came to the city of Shaliat, where the Shaliats are made and hence they derive their name. This is a fine city..."<ref name="ReferenceB"/> The first railway line in Kerala was laid in 1861 from [[Tirur]] to Chaliyam through [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], [[Parappanangadi]], [[Vallikkunnu]], and [[Kadalundi]].<ref name="tps">{{Cite news|title=ആ ചൂളംവിളി പിന്നെയും പിന്നെയും...|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/malappuram/specials/50-years-of-malappuram/kerala-first-railway-line-tirur-to-beypore-1.3880175|date=17 June 2019|access-date=19 December 2020|work=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>


Some sources allude to the presence [[Judaism|Jewish]] settlements (12th and 13th centuries) in Chaliyam.<ref> Jewish Virtual Library [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/calicut]</ref>
Some sources allude to the presence [[Judaism|Jewish]] settlements (12th and 13th centuries) in Chaliyam.<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/calicut Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>


As per a peace agreement between Portuguese Viceroy Nuno da Cunha and the Samutiri of Kozhikode, a Portuguese fort was constructed at Chaliyam in 1531. The Fort Chaliyam was eventually besieged, captured and destroyed by the Kozhikode forces in 1571. A certain Portuguese officer called Attaide was in charge of the fort at this time.<ref> K. M. Panikkar. ''A History of Kerala 1498-1801''. pp. 102 </ref><ref>William Logan. ''Malabar: District Manual, Volume 1'' Asian Educational Services, 1887</ref>
As per a peace agreement between Portuguese Viceroy Nuno da Cunha and the Samutiri of Kozhikode, a Portuguese fort was constructed at Chaliyam in 1531. The Fort Chaliyam was eventually besieged, captured and destroyed by the Kozhikode forces in 1571. A certain Portuguese officer called Attaide was in charge of the fort at this time.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="M. Panikkar. pp. 102">K. M. Panikkar. ''A History of Kerala 1498-1801''. pp. 102</ref>


Chaliyam is also famous for the ''Khalasi''.<ref> K. M. Panikkar. ''A History of Kerala 1498-1801''. pp. 102 </ref>
Chaliyam is also famous for the ''Khalasi''.<ref name="M. Panikkar. pp. 102"/>


Beypore Railway Station, incorrectly named, at Chaliyam was the terminus of the Madras Railway (South-West Line).<ref>William Logan. ''Malabar: District Manual, Volume 1'' Asian Educational Services, 1887</ref>
Beypore Railway Station, incorrectly named, at Chaliyam was the terminus of the Madras Railway (South-West Line).<ref name="ReferenceB"/>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumbnail|Names, routes and locations of the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (1st century CE)]]
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumbnail|Names, routes and locations of the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (1st century CE)]]
[[File:Chaliyam Harbour, Calicut.jpg|thumbnail|Chaliyam harbour]]
[[File:Chaliyam Harbour, Calicut.jpg|thumbnail|Chaliyam harbour]]
The ancient maritime port of Tyndis is identified with [[Kadalundi]]-Chaliyam-[[Beypore]] region. [[Tyndis]] was a major center of trade, next only to [[Muziris]], between the Cheras and the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) states that the port of ''[[Tyndis]]'' was located at the northwestern border of ''Keprobotos'' ([[Chera dynasty]]).<ref name=":2">Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. ''Journal of Roman Archaeology,'' ''14'', 334-350.</ref> The [[North Malabar]] region, which lies north of the port at ''[[Tyndis]]'', was ruled by the kingdom of [[Ezhimala]] during [[Sangam period]].<ref name="hambada">A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History</ref> According to the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'', a region known as ''[[Limyrike]]'' began at ''[[Kannur|Naura]]'' and ''[[Tyndis]]''. However the [[Ptolemy]] mentions only ''[[Tyndis]]'' as the ''[[Limyrike]]'''s starting point. The region probably ended at [[Kanyakumari]]; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day [[Malabar Coast]]. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 [[sesterces]].<ref>According to [[Pliny the Elder]], goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html]</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned that ''[[Limyrike]]'' was  prone by pirates.<ref>Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis. </ref> The [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] mentioned that the ''[[Limyrike]]'' was a source of peppers.<ref>Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373. </ref><ref>Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301. </ref>
The ancient maritime port of Tyndis is identified with [[Kadalundi]]-Chaliyam-[[Beypore]] region. [[Tyndis]] was a major center of trade, next only to [[Muziris]], between the Cheras and the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) states that the port of ''[[Tyndis]]'' was located at the northwestern border of ''Keprobotos'' ([[Chera dynasty]]).<ref name=":2">Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. ''Journal of Roman Archaeology,'' ''14'', 334-350.</ref> The [[North Malabar]] region, which lies north of the port at ''[[Tyndis]]'', was ruled by the kingdom of [[Ezhimala]] during [[Sangam period]].<ref name="hambada">A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History</ref> According to the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'', a region known as ''[[Limyrike]]'' began at ''[[Kannur|Naura]]'' and ''[[Tyndis]]''. However the [[Ptolemy]] mentions only ''[[Tyndis]]'' as the ''[[Limyrike]]'''s starting point. The region probably ended at [[Kanyakumari]]; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day [[Malabar Coast]]. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 [[sesterces]].<ref>According to [[Pliny the Elder]], goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html]</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned that ''[[Limyrike]]'' was  prone by pirates.<ref>Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis.</ref> The [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] mentioned that the ''[[Limyrike]]'' was a source of peppers.<ref>Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373.</ref><ref>Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301.</ref>


According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who converted to Islam during the lifetime of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999|isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson|author2=Kai Kresse|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|access-date=25 July 2012|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|access-date=25 July 2012|year=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the [[Mosque|''Masjids'']] at [[Kodungallur]], [[Kollam]], Madayi, [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayini]], and Chaliyam, were built during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref>  It is believed that [[Malik Dinar]] was died at [[Thalangara]] in [[Kasaragod]] town.<ref name="ch">Pg 58, Cultural heritage of [[Kerala]]: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978</ref>
According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who converted to Islam during the lifetime of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999|isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson|author2=Kai Kresse|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|access-date=25 July 2012|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|access-date=25 July 2012|year=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the [[Mosque|''Masjids'']] at [[Kodungallur]], [[Kollam]], Madayi, [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayini]], and Chaliyam, were built during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref>  It is believed that [[Malik Dinar]] was died at [[Thalangara]] in [[Kasaragod]] town.<ref name="ch">Pg 58, Cultural heritage of [[Kerala]]: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978</ref>
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Kadalundi, [[Vallikkunnu]], and [[Parappanangadi]], were included in Southern Parappanad.<ref name="Logan"/> [[Beypore]], [[Cheruvannur]], and [[Panniyankara]], on northern bank of [[Chaliyar]], became Northern Parappanad.<ref name="Logan"/>
Kadalundi, [[Vallikkunnu]], and [[Parappanangadi]], were included in Southern Parappanad.<ref name="Logan"/> [[Beypore]], [[Cheruvannur]], and [[Panniyankara]], on northern bank of [[Chaliyar]], became Northern Parappanad.<ref name="Logan"/>


It is also known the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Tanur]] (''Vettathunadu Swaroopam''), had assisted the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] to build a fort at the island of Chaliyam, which was a part of Southern Parappanad, and was destructed during the [[Siege of Chale|Siege of Chaliyam]] in 1571.<ref name="askh"/> Feroke became a part of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in late 18th century CE.<ref name="askh"/> Chaliyam became a part of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in the late 18th century.<ref name="askh"/> Following the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] and the subsequent [[Treaty of Seringapatam]], Chaliyam became a part of [[Malabar District]] under [[British Raj]].<ref name="askh"/> Chaliyam was included in [[Eranad]] [[Tehsil|Taluk]] in the [[Malappuram district|Malappuram Revenue Division]] of Malabar District with its Taluk headquarters at [[Manjeri]].<ref name="Malabar">{{Cite book|title=1951 census handbook - Malabar district|publisher=Government of Madras|year=1953|location=Chennai|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6425/1/20493_1951_MAL.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Logan"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=C.A. |first1=Innes |title=Madras District Gazetteers: Malabar and Anjengo |date=1908 |publisher=Government Press, Madras |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w806vgAACAAJ}}</ref> Following the formation of the state of [[Kerala]] in 1956, Chaliyam became a part of [[Tirurangadi]] [[Revenue block]] of [[Tirur Taluk]].<ref name="1961_kkd"/><ref name="c1971">{{Cite book|title=District Census Handbook - Malappuram (Part-C) - 1971|last=K. Narayanan|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala|year=1972|location=Thiruvananthapuram|pages=3|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5714/1/51172_1971_MAL.pdf}}</ref> On 16 June 1969, [[Eranad Taluk]], Tirur Taluk, Tirurangadi, and Parappanangadi, were transferred to newly formed [[Malappuram district]].<ref name="c1971"/> However, three revenue villages of [[Tirur Taluk]], namely, Feroke, [[Ramanattukara]], and [[Kadalundi]], remained in Kozhikode district, as they were much closer to [[Kozhikode]] city centre.<ref name="c1971"/> However Kadalundi Nagaram beach (where [[Kadalundi River]] flows into Arabian Sea, a part of [[Vallikkunnu]] Grama Panchayat), [[Tenhipalam]], the centre of [[University of Calicut]],  and [[Karippur]], the site of [[Calicut International Airport]], became parts of Malappuram.<ref name="c1971"/>  Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi are parts of Kozhikode Taluk and [[Kozhikode metropolitan area]].<ref name="c2011-kkd">{{cite book |last1=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |title=District Census Handbook, Kozhikode |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3204_PART_B_KOZHIKODE.pdf}}</ref><ref name="c2011-mlp">{{cite book |last1=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |title=District Census Handbook, Malappuram |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3205_PART_B_MALAPPURAM.pdf}}</ref>
It is also known the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Tanur]] (''Vettathunadu Swaroopam''), had assisted the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] to build a fort at the island of Chaliyam, which was a part of Southern Parappanad, and was destructed during the [[Siege of Chale|Siege of Chaliyam]] in 1571.<ref name="askh"/> Feroke became a part of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in late 18th century CE.<ref name="askh"/> Chaliyam became a part of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in the late 18th century.<ref name="askh"/> Following the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] and the subsequent [[Treaty of Seringapatam]], Chaliyam became a part of [[Malabar District]] under [[British Raj]].<ref name="askh"/> Chaliyam was included in [[Eranad]] [[Tehsil|Taluk]] in the [[Malappuram district|Malappuram Revenue Division]] of Malabar District with its Taluk headquarters at [[Manjeri]].<ref name="Logan"/><ref name="Malabar">{{Cite book|title=1951 census handbook - Malabar district|publisher=Government of Madras|year=1953|location=Chennai|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6425/1/20493_1951_MAL.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=C.A. |first1=Innes |title=Madras District Gazetteers: Malabar and Anjengo |date=1908 |publisher=Government Press, Madras |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w806vgAACAAJ}}</ref> Following the formation of the state of [[Kerala]] in 1956, Chaliyam became a part of [[Tirurangadi]] [[Revenue block]] of [[Tirur Taluk]].<ref name="1961_kkd"/><ref name="c1971">{{Cite book|title=District Census Handbook - Malappuram (Part-C) - 1971|last=K. Narayanan|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala|year=1972|location=Thiruvananthapuram|pages=3|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5714/1/51172_1971_MAL.pdf}}</ref> On 16 June 1969, [[Eranad Taluk]], Tirur Taluk, Tirurangadi, and Parappanangadi, were transferred to newly formed [[Malappuram district]].<ref name="c1971"/> However, three revenue villages of [[Tirur Taluk]], namely, Feroke, [[Ramanattukara]], and [[Kadalundi]], remained in Kozhikode district, as they were much closer to [[Kozhikode]] city centre.<ref name="c1971"/> However Kadalundi Nagaram beach (where [[Kadalundi River]] flows into Arabian Sea, a part of [[Vallikkunnu]] Grama Panchayat), [[Tenhipalam]], the centre of [[University of Calicut]],  and [[Karippur]], the site of [[Calicut International Airport]], became parts of Malappuram.<ref name="c1971"/>  Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi are parts of Kozhikode Taluk and [[Kozhikode metropolitan area]].<ref name="c2011-kkd">{{cite book |last1=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |title=District Census Handbook, Kozhikode |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3204_PART_B_KOZHIKODE.pdf}}</ref><ref name="c2011-mlp">{{cite book |last1=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |title=District Census Handbook, Malappuram |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3205_PART_B_MALAPPURAM.pdf}}</ref>


==Important landmarks==
==Important landmarks==

Latest revision as of 09:43, 11 December 2022

Chaliyam is a village situated at the estuary of Chaliyar (River Beypore) in Kozhikode district of Kerala, India. Chaliyam forms an island, bounded by the Chaliyar in the north, and River Kadalundi in south, and the Conolly Canal in the east. It is located just opposite to Beypore port. Chaliyam (Beypore Railway Station) was the former terminus of the South-West Line of the Madras Railway. Chaliyam is also famous for the Guinness World Records holder Muhammed Adil, a P.M who covered around seven km in the Chaliyar River with his hand and legs tied with ropes.

Chaliyam
Village
Beypore Railway Station, incorrectly named, at Chaliyam was the terminus of the Madras Railway (South-West Line).
Beypore Railway Station, incorrectly named, at Chaliyam was the terminus of the Madras Railway (South-West Line).
Chaliyam is located in Kerala
Chaliyam
Chaliyam
Location in Kerala, India
Coordinates: 11°09′21″N 75°48′30″E / 11.15592°N 75.80824°E / 11.15592; 75.80824Coordinates: 11°09′21″N 75°48′30″E / 11.15592°N 75.80824°E / 11.15592; 75.80824
CountryIndia
StateKerala
DistrictKozhikode
TalukKozhikode
Block panchayatKozhikode
STD Code0495
Postal Code673301
Lok Sabha constituencyKozhikode

Different names of Chaliyam:

  • Muslim navigators: al-Shaliat [1] Chaliyam, at small port south of Kozhikode at the time, is not regularly mentioned under this name in the Arabic and Persian geographical literature. It does feature in Abu al-Fida's Taqwin al-Buldan (14th century). Two 14th-century Islamic tombstones are recorded at the site.[2]
  • European navigators: Chale/Challe/Chalia or Chaly[1]
  • Saliyam: the home of the Saliya community. The Saliyas figure as the dominant weaving community in medieval South India. Presently, the Chaliya (Chaliyan or Saliya) is an Other Backward Class in Kerala.[3]

Chaliyam is believed to be one of the location of the founding mosques of Kerala. As per this tradition, the qazi of the mosque established at Chaliyam was Taqy ud-Din.[4] Ibn Batutah seems to have visited Chaliyam in the 14th century. He describes the settlement: "I next came to the city of Shaliat, where the Shaliats are made and hence they derive their name. This is a fine city..."[4] The first railway line in Kerala was laid in 1861 from Tirur to Chaliyam through Tanur, Parappanangadi, Vallikkunnu, and Kadalundi.[5]

Some sources allude to the presence Jewish settlements (12th and 13th centuries) in Chaliyam.[6]

As per a peace agreement between Portuguese Viceroy Nuno da Cunha and the Samutiri of Kozhikode, a Portuguese fort was constructed at Chaliyam in 1531. The Fort Chaliyam was eventually besieged, captured and destroyed by the Kozhikode forces in 1571. A certain Portuguese officer called Attaide was in charge of the fort at this time.[4][7]

Chaliyam is also famous for the Khalasi.[7]

Beypore Railway Station, incorrectly named, at Chaliyam was the terminus of the Madras Railway (South-West Line).[4]

HistoryEdit

 
Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE)
 
Chaliyam harbour

The ancient maritime port of Tyndis is identified with Kadalundi-Chaliyam-Beypore region. Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the Roman Empire.[8] Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) states that the port of Tyndis was located at the northwestern border of Keprobotos (Chera dynasty).[9] The North Malabar region, which lies north of the port at Tyndis, was ruled by the kingdom of Ezhimala during Sangam period.[10] According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a region known as Limyrike began at Naura and Tyndis. However the Ptolemy mentions only Tyndis as the Limyrike's starting point. The region probably ended at Kanyakumari; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day Malabar Coast. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 sesterces.[11] Pliny the Elder mentioned that Limyrike was prone by pirates.[12] The Cosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that the Limyrike was a source of peppers.[13][14]

According to the Legend of Cheraman Perumals, the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of Chera dynasty, who converted to Islam during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (c. 570–632).[15][16][17][18] According to Qissat Shakarwati Farmad, the Masjids at Kodungallur, Kollam, Madayi, Barkur, Mangalore, Kasaragod, Kannur, Dharmadam, Panthalayini, and Chaliyam, were built during the era of Malik Dinar, and they are among the oldest Masjids in Indian Subcontinent.[19] It is believed that Malik Dinar was died at Thalangara in Kasaragod town.[20]

Chaliyam, on the southern bank of Chaliyar river and the northern bank of Kadalundi River, was a part the kingdom of Parappanad during medieval period.[21] The rulers of Parappanad were vassals to the Zamorin of Calicut.[22] The headquarters of Parappanad royal family was the coastal town of Parappanangadi in present-day Malappuram district.[23] In the 15th century, Parappanad Swaroopam was divided into two - Northern Parappanad (Beypore Swaroopam) and Southern Parappanad (Parappur Swaroopam).[22] Kadalundi, Vallikkunnu, and Parappanangadi, were included in Southern Parappanad.[21] Beypore, Cheruvannur, and Panniyankara, on northern bank of Chaliyar, became Northern Parappanad.[21]

It is also known the ruler of the Kingdom of Tanur (Vettathunadu Swaroopam), had assisted the Portuguese to build a fort at the island of Chaliyam, which was a part of Southern Parappanad, and was destructed during the Siege of Chaliyam in 1571.[22] Feroke became a part of the Kingdom of Mysore in late 18th century CE.[22] Chaliyam became a part of the Kingdom of Mysore in the late 18th century.[22] Following the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the subsequent Treaty of Seringapatam, Chaliyam became a part of Malabar District under British Raj.[22] Chaliyam was included in Eranad Taluk in the Malappuram Revenue Division of Malabar District with its Taluk headquarters at Manjeri.[21][24][25] Following the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956, Chaliyam became a part of Tirurangadi Revenue block of Tirur Taluk.[23][26] On 16 June 1969, Eranad Taluk, Tirur Taluk, Tirurangadi, and Parappanangadi, were transferred to newly formed Malappuram district.[26] However, three revenue villages of Tirur Taluk, namely, Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi, remained in Kozhikode district, as they were much closer to Kozhikode city centre.[26] However Kadalundi Nagaram beach (where Kadalundi River flows into Arabian Sea, a part of Vallikkunnu Grama Panchayat), Tenhipalam, the centre of University of Calicut, and Karippur, the site of Calicut International Airport, became parts of Malappuram.[26] Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi are parts of Kozhikode Taluk and Kozhikode metropolitan area.[27][28]

Important landmarksEdit

 
Chaliyam lighthouse
  • Lighthouse, Chaliyam
  • Umbhichi Hajee Higher Secondary School Chaliyam
  • NIRDESH Project
  • Itti Achuthan Memorial Hortus Malaricus Plants Museum
  • Noorudheen Shaikh Jaram (Darga)
  • Seawalk (one km)
  • Puzhakkara Srambia with ancient shadow-clock.
  • Engattil Mazjid (Old Srambia)
  • Vadakkumbad Kamaliyya School (100 yeara old)
  • Jankar service across Chaliyar River to Beypore port
  • Relics of the old Chaliyam fort
  • Chaliyam Coastal Police Station
  • Sreekandeswara Temple

Suburbs and villagesEdit

  • Vallikkunnu, Anangady and Anappady
  • Kacherikunnu, Athanikkal and Anayarangadi
  • Kottakkadavu, Pediyattukunnu and Edachira
  • Kadalundi, Vattaparambu and Pazhanjannor
  • Kadukkabazar and Chaliyarkadavu

See alsoEdit

Image galleryEdit

  • Puzhakkara Srambia, Chaliyam

  • Relics of the old Chaliyam fort

  • Old Shadow Clock at the Puzhakkara Srambia

  • Chaliyam in the evening

  • Bafaki Thangal School

  • Kadavath Masjidh

  • Karuvanthuruthy Kadavu

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Henry Yule. Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Volume 1 Taylor & Francis, 2017
  2. ↑ Hall. Secondary Cities & Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, c. 1400-1800 Lexington Books, 1955
  3. ↑ Kerala Public Service Commission
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 William Logan. Malabar: District Manual, Volume 1 Asian Educational Services, 1887
  5. ↑ "ആ ചൂളംവിളി പിന്നെയും പിന്നെയും..." Mathrubhumi. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  6. ↑ Jewish Virtual Library
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 K. M. Panikkar. A History of Kerala 1498-1801. pp. 102
  8. ↑ Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010
  9. ↑ Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 14, 334-350.
  10. ↑ A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History
  11. ↑ According to Pliny the Elder, goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [1]
  12. ↑ Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis.
  13. ↑ Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373.
  14. ↑ Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301.
  15. ↑ Jonathan Goldstein (1999). The Jews of China. M. E. Sharpe. p. 123. ISBN 9780765601049.
  16. ↑ Edward Simpson; Kai Kresse (2008). Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean. Columbia University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-231-70024-5. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  17. ↑ Uri M. Kupferschmidt (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine. Brill. pp. 458–459. ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  18. ↑ Husain Raṇṭattāṇi (2007). Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles. Other Books. pp. 179–. ISBN 978-81-903887-8-8. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  19. ↑ Prange, Sebastian R. Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast. Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.
  20. ↑ Pg 58, Cultural heritage of Kerala: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Logan, William (2010). Malabar Manual (Volume-I). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 631–666. ISBN 9788120604476.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Sreedhara Menon, A. (January 2007). Kerala Charitram (2007 ed.). Kottayam: DC Books. ISBN 9788126415885.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Devassy, M. K. (1965). District Census Handbook (2) - Kozhikode (1961) (PDF). Ernakulam: Government of Kerala.
  24. ↑ 1951 census handbook - Malabar district (PDF). Chennai: Government of Madras. 1953.
  25. ↑ C.A., Innes (1908). Madras District Gazetteers: Malabar and Anjengo. Government Press, Madras.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 K. Narayanan (1972). District Census Handbook - Malappuram (Part-C) - 1971 (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala. p. 3.
  27. ↑ Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala. District Census Handbook, Kozhikode (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala.
  28. ↑ Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala. District Census Handbook, Malappuram (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala.


 

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