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{{more citations needed|date=April 2020}}{{Infobox settlement | |||
{{ | | name = Chadayamangalam | ||
| nickname = | |||
| settlement_type = Town | |||
{{Infobox settlement | | image_skyline = Jatayu adventure centre.jpg | ||
| name | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption = [[Jatayu Nature Park|Jatayu Rock]] | |||
| nickname | | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India | ||
| settlement_type | | pushpin_label_position = left | ||
| image_skyline | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| image_alt | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India | ||
| image_caption | | coordinates = {{coord|8.8421200|N|76.864440|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| pushpin_map | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]] | ||
| coordinates | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]] | ||
| subdivision_name | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | established_date = | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | founder = | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | named_for = | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | government_type = | | ||
| established_title | | governing_body = [[Nagar Palika]] | ||
| established_date | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| founder | | area_footnotes = | ||
| named_for | | area_rank = | ||
| government_type | | area_total_km2 = | ||
| elevation_footnotes = | |||
| unit_pref | | elevation_m = | ||
| area_footnotes | | population_total = 22213 | ||
| area_rank | | population_as_of = 2001 | ||
| area_total_km2 | | population_rank = | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| elevation_m | | population_demonym = | ||
| population_total | | population_footnotes = | ||
| population_as_of | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| population_rank | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| population_density_km2 | | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]] | ||
| population_demonym | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| population_footnotes | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| demographics_type1 | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | postal_code = 691534 | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| timezone1 | | area_code = 0474 | ||
| utc_offset1 | | registration_plate = KL-82 | ||
| postal_code_type | | website = | ||
| postal_code | | footnotes = | ||
| area_code_type | |||
| area_code | |||
| registration_plate | |||
| website | |||
| footnotes | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Chadayamangalam''' is a town located in [[Kollam District]] of southern [[India]]; [[Kerala]]. It is located along the Ithikkara river and the MC road that passes across the major urban locations of Kerala. It acts as centre for Chadayamangalam block panchayat, gram panchayat and assembly constituency.It hosts numerous government institutions including hospitals, schools and police station. Chadayamngalam is well noticed for newly constructed [[Jatayu Earth’s Center]], which is a | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} | |||
'''Chadayamangalam''' is a town located in [[Kollam District]] of southern [[India]]; [[Kerala]]. It is located along the [[Ithikkara River|Ithikkara river]] and the MC road that passes across the major urban locations of Kerala. It acts as centre for Chadayamangalam block panchayat, gram panchayat and assembly constituency. It hosts numerous government institutions including hospitals, schools and police station. Chadayamngalam is well noticed for newly constructed [[Jatayu Earth’s Center]], which is a tourism centre in the town with the world’s largest bird sculpture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jatayunaturepark.com/ |title=Jatayu Nature Park Website |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=25 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125054825/http://jatayunaturepark.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/kerala-park-to-welcome-visitors-in-jan |title=Kerala park to welcome visitors in Jan - Khaleej Times |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>.The place is also referred to as ''Jatayumangalam''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/with-the-opening-of-jatayu-sculpture-at-chadayamangalam-in-march-2018-india-will-be-home-to-the-worlds-largest-bird-sculpture/article22025679.ece |title=Jatayu sculpture: A myth comes alive |newspaper=The Hindu |date=20 December 2017 |access-date=18 March 2021|last1=Vn |first1=Aswin }}</ref> | |||
==Details== | ==Details== | ||
| Line 61: | Line 59: | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
The origins of the town is traced by historians to | The origins of the town is traced by historians to at least 8th-9th century AD. The Ay dynasty which acted as buffer between Pandya and Chera dynasty mainly shifting between independent rule and Pandyan overlordship. The conquest of Ay Kingdom in 765 CE by Pandya king Jatila Paranthaka/Nedum Chadayan Varaguna I (r. 765–815 AD) and sack of port Vizhinjam by defeating the Vel chieftain (the Vel Mannan, who might have been related to the Ay family) possession of the Ay-Vel country ("the fertile country along with its magnificent treasures") (Madras Museum Plates of Jatila Parantaka, 17th year).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M. G. S|title=Perumāḷs of Kerala.|publisher=CosmoBooks|year=2013|isbn=|location=Thrissur (Kerala)|pages=93–94}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ganesh|first=K. N.|title=Agrarian Relations and Political Authority in Medieval Travancore (A. D. 1300-1750)|publisher=Doctoral Thesis. Jawaharlal Nehru University|year=1987|isbn=|location=|pages=22–25}}</ref> This event is also remembered in the Velvikkudi plates (3rd regnal year, Nedum Chadayan) as "the suppression of the rebellious Ay-Vel.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M. G. S|title=Perumāḷs of Kerala.|publisher=CosmoBooks|year=2013|isbn=|location=Thrissur (Kerala)|pages=93–94}}</ref> The Pandya king "Maran Chadayan" Jatila Paranthaka destroyed a fort at Aruviyoor (Aruvikkarai near Thalakulam) by defeating Chadayan Karunanthan of "Malai Nadu" in 788 AD (23rd year, Kalukumalai inscription).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M.G.S|title=Perumāḷs of Kerala.|publisher=CosmoBooks|year=2013|isbn=|location=Thrissur (Kerala)|pages=106}}</ref> In 792 AD (27th year, Jatila Paranthaka) the Chera warriors (the Cheramanar Padai) are seen fighting for a fort at Vizhinjam and at Karaikkotta (Karaikkodu near Thalakulam) against a commander of Maran Chadayan (Trivandrum Museum Inscription of Maran Chadayan).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M.G.S|title=Perumāḷs of Kerala|publisher=CosmoBooks|year=2013|isbn=|location=Thrissur (Kerala)|pages=75}}</ref> | ||
This historical evidences points to existing Ay/Vel kings with name Chadayan (Maran Chadayan) along with the invader of the kingdom 'Nedum Chadayan' also holding a similar name. What makes this relatable to the town of Chadayamangalam is the presence of the [[Kottukal cave Temple|Kottukal]] rock cut temple located just inside 4 km from the town center.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Kottukkal Rock Cut Temple | Temples protected by Department of Archaeology | Protected Monuments|url=http://www.archaeology.kerala.gov.in/monuments/kottukka-rock-cut-temple/35|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> The temple was built around 8th-9th century according to archeological sources and follows the Pandyan/Ay style of architecture pronounced in other rock temples in southern Tamil Nadu and Kerala. A similar temple can be seen in Vizinjam, the capital of Ay Kingdom dated to the 8th century. Even though there are huge similarities to the Pandyan rock cut temples built at the same time in core Pandyan territory, the possibility of Ay kings to have adopted the architecture cannot be left out. | |||
This ambiguity is further strengthened as it was time of Pandyan conquest into the Ay kingdom (Pandyans continued to occupy the southern portions around Vizinjam till the next century while northern portions detached away to form Venad<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M.G.S|title=Perumāḷs of Kerala|publisher=CosmoBooks|year=2013|isbn=|location=Thrissur (Kerala)|pages=97}}</ref>) and the closest town to Chadayamangalam is Ayur, which loosely translates to the town/village/place of the Ay in colloquial Malayalam and Tamil. So all this shines light on the place having a Pandyan or/and Ay patronage in antiquity with a name that derived from the name of ruler of the same area. | |||
[[File:Kottukal cave templeDSC 0015.JPG|thumb|Kottukkal rock cut temple, Chadayamangalam]] | |||
==Mythological Background== | |||
Araṇya-Kāṇḍa of [[Ramayana]] mentions that Jatayu is the "King of Vultures"(gṛdhrarāja).<ref>''daśagrīvasthito dharme purāṇe satyasaṃśrayaḥ jaṭāyur nāma nāmnāhaṃ gṛdhrarājo mahābalaḥ'' — Ramayana 3.048.003</ref> According to the epic, the demon Ravana was abducting the goddess [[Sita]] to Lanka when Jatayu tried to rescue her. Jatayu fought valiantly with Ravana, but as Jatayu was very old [[Ravana]] soon defeated him, clipping his wings, and Jatayu falls down to earth. [[Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]] while on the search for Sita, chanced upon the stricken and dying Jatayu, who informed them of the battle with Ravana and told them that Ravana had headed South. Jatayu then died of his wounds and Rama performed his final funeral rites.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pollet|first=Ag|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVnK3q48dL0C&pg=PA86&dq=veeraraghava+perumal+temple#q=veeraraghava%20perumal%20temple|title=Indian Epic Values: Rāmāyaṇa and Its Impact : Proceedings of the 8th International Rāmāyaṇa Conference, Leuven, 6-8 July 1991|date=1995|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-6831-701-5|language=en}}</ref> Popular belief is that surrounds Chadayamangalam is that the entire course of event following Jadayu falling and rituals performed happened here.It is to be noted that Chadayamangalam shares this origin myth with two other places in India, [[Lepakshi]] in Andhra Pradesh and Vijayaraghava Perumal temple in Tamil Nadu. | |||
Chadayamangalam consists of the Kodandarama temple at the peak of Jadayu para (more commonly called Mellupara) placed 1000 feet above the sea level. Chadayamagalam also has other numerous small mountains like Vayanam Mala, Pavoor Mala, Alathara Mala, Elambrakodu Mala, Arkannur Madappara Mala and Thevannur Mala marking its natural beauty. The associated story in the temple premises include presence of “Kokkarani” (water tank), Jadayu created by rubbing the rock with his beak. As the time has come for the bird to leave his body after hearing narrative of Sitaapaharan, Lord Ram is believed to have performed the last rites of Jadayu. Thus, the Lord granted salvation to Jatayu by standing on one leg on the top of the Jatayu rock, where his foot print surfaced and it exists even now.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home 1 {{!}} Jatayurama|url=https://jatayuramatemple.in/|access-date=2021-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref> This site of footprint and the source of water sprinkling out at the top of the rocky mountain through out the year is revered by devotees coming to the temple.Numerous wild monkeys belonging to bonnet macaque species is also found making the mountain their home. | |||
[[File:Kondandarama.jpg|thumb|Kodandarama Temple in Chadayamangalam]] | |||
== | ==Agriculture== | ||
Paddy, Coconut, Rubber. Tapioca, Pepper, Cashew Nut, Banana, Areca Nuts etc. are the major crops under cultivation in the block. | |||
==Political Administration== | |||
[[ | Chadayamangalam town comes under [http://panchayat.lsgkerala.gov.in/chadayamangalampanchayat/ Chadayamangalam gram panchayat], [http://panchayat.lsgkerala.gov.in/chadayamangalamblock/ Chadayamangalam block panchayat] and [http://kollamdp.lsgkerala.gov.in/ Kollam jilla panchayat]. It is part of [[Chadayamangalam (State Assembly constituency)|Chadayamangalam state constituency]] in the Kerala assembly elections and [[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam constituency]] for the Indian parliament elections. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:40, 29 September 2021
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2020) |
Chadayamangalam is a town located in Kollam District of southern India; Kerala. It is located along the Ithikkara river and the MC road that passes across the major urban locations of Kerala. It acts as centre for Chadayamangalam block panchayat, gram panchayat and assembly constituency. It hosts numerous government institutions including hospitals, schools and police station. Chadayamngalam is well noticed for newly constructed Jatayu Earth’s Center, which is a tourism centre in the town with the world’s largest bird sculpture.[1][2].The place is also referred to as Jatayumangalam.[3]
Chadayamangalam | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 | |
  Chadayamangalam Location in Kerala, India  Chadayamangalam Chadayamangalam (India) | |
| Coordinates: 8°50′32″N 76°51′52″E / 8.8421200°N 76.864440°ECoordinates: 8°50′32″N 76°51′52″E / 8.8421200°N 76.864440°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kollam |
| Government | |
| • Body | Nagar Palika |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 22,213 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 691534 |
| Telephone code | 0474 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-82 |
DetailsEdit
Chadayamangalam is 37.5 km away from the City of Kollam and 43 km away from the capital city of the state, Thiruvananthapuram. The town is located Kilimanoor and Kottarakara, 14 km away from Kilimanoor and 21 km from Kottarakara. It is situated on the southeast side of Kottarakkara Taluk. Population is of 22,213. Panchayat includes Chithra, Kadakkal, Chadayamangalam, Ittiva, Velinalloor, Elamadu & Nilamel.
Historical BackgroundEdit
The origins of the town is traced by historians to at least 8th-9th century AD. The Ay dynasty which acted as buffer between Pandya and Chera dynasty mainly shifting between independent rule and Pandyan overlordship. The conquest of Ay Kingdom in 765 CE by Pandya king Jatila Paranthaka/Nedum Chadayan Varaguna I (r. 765–815 AD) and sack of port Vizhinjam by defeating the Vel chieftain (the Vel Mannan, who might have been related to the Ay family) possession of the Ay-Vel country ("the fertile country along with its magnificent treasures") (Madras Museum Plates of Jatila Parantaka, 17th year).[4][5] This event is also remembered in the Velvikkudi plates (3rd regnal year, Nedum Chadayan) as "the suppression of the rebellious Ay-Vel.[6] The Pandya king "Maran Chadayan" Jatila Paranthaka destroyed a fort at Aruviyoor (Aruvikkarai near Thalakulam) by defeating Chadayan Karunanthan of "Malai Nadu" in 788 AD (23rd year, Kalukumalai inscription).[7] In 792 AD (27th year, Jatila Paranthaka) the Chera warriors (the Cheramanar Padai) are seen fighting for a fort at Vizhinjam and at Karaikkotta (Karaikkodu near Thalakulam) against a commander of Maran Chadayan (Trivandrum Museum Inscription of Maran Chadayan).[8]
This historical evidences points to existing Ay/Vel kings with name Chadayan (Maran Chadayan) along with the invader of the kingdom 'Nedum Chadayan' also holding a similar name. What makes this relatable to the town of Chadayamangalam is the presence of the Kottukal rock cut temple located just inside 4 km from the town center.[9] The temple was built around 8th-9th century according to archeological sources and follows the Pandyan/Ay style of architecture pronounced in other rock temples in southern Tamil Nadu and Kerala. A similar temple can be seen in Vizinjam, the capital of Ay Kingdom dated to the 8th century. Even though there are huge similarities to the Pandyan rock cut temples built at the same time in core Pandyan territory, the possibility of Ay kings to have adopted the architecture cannot be left out.
This ambiguity is further strengthened as it was time of Pandyan conquest into the Ay kingdom (Pandyans continued to occupy the southern portions around Vizinjam till the next century while northern portions detached away to form Venad[10]) and the closest town to Chadayamangalam is Ayur, which loosely translates to the town/village/place of the Ay in colloquial Malayalam and Tamil. So all this shines light on the place having a Pandyan or/and Ay patronage in antiquity with a name that derived from the name of ruler of the same area.
Mythological BackgroundEdit
Araṇya-Kāṇḍa of Ramayana mentions that Jatayu is the "King of Vultures"(gṛdhrarāja).[11] According to the epic, the demon Ravana was abducting the goddess Sita to Lanka when Jatayu tried to rescue her. Jatayu fought valiantly with Ravana, but as Jatayu was very old Ravana soon defeated him, clipping his wings, and Jatayu falls down to earth. Rama and Lakshmana while on the search for Sita, chanced upon the stricken and dying Jatayu, who informed them of the battle with Ravana and told them that Ravana had headed South. Jatayu then died of his wounds and Rama performed his final funeral rites.[12] Popular belief is that surrounds Chadayamangalam is that the entire course of event following Jadayu falling and rituals performed happened here.It is to be noted that Chadayamangalam shares this origin myth with two other places in India, Lepakshi in Andhra Pradesh and Vijayaraghava Perumal temple in Tamil Nadu.
Chadayamangalam consists of the Kodandarama temple at the peak of Jadayu para (more commonly called Mellupara) placed 1000 feet above the sea level. Chadayamagalam also has other numerous small mountains like Vayanam Mala, Pavoor Mala, Alathara Mala, Elambrakodu Mala, Arkannur Madappara Mala and Thevannur Mala marking its natural beauty. The associated story in the temple premises include presence of “Kokkarani” (water tank), Jadayu created by rubbing the rock with his beak. As the time has come for the bird to leave his body after hearing narrative of Sitaapaharan, Lord Ram is believed to have performed the last rites of Jadayu. Thus, the Lord granted salvation to Jatayu by standing on one leg on the top of the Jatayu rock, where his foot print surfaced and it exists even now.[13] This site of footprint and the source of water sprinkling out at the top of the rocky mountain through out the year is revered by devotees coming to the temple.Numerous wild monkeys belonging to bonnet macaque species is also found making the mountain their home.
AgricultureEdit
Paddy, Coconut, Rubber. Tapioca, Pepper, Cashew Nut, Banana, Areca Nuts etc. are the major crops under cultivation in the block.
Political AdministrationEdit
Chadayamangalam town comes under Chadayamangalam gram panchayat, Chadayamangalam block panchayat and Kollam jilla panchayat. It is part of Chadayamangalam state constituency in the Kerala assembly elections and Kollam constituency for the Indian parliament elections.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ "Jatayu Nature Park Website". Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ↑ "Kerala park to welcome visitors in Jan - Khaleej Times". Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ↑ Vn, Aswin (20 December 2017). "Jatayu sculpture: A myth comes alive". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ↑ Narayanan, M. G. S (2013). Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 93–94.
- ↑ Ganesh, K. N. (1987). Agrarian Relations and Political Authority in Medieval Travancore (A. D. 1300-1750). Doctoral Thesis. Jawaharlal Nehru University. pp. 22–25.
- ↑ Narayanan, M. G. S (2013). Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 93–94.
- ↑ Narayanan, M.G.S (2013). Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. p. 106.
- ↑ Narayanan, M.G.S (2013). Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. p. 75.
- ↑ "Kottukkal Rock Cut Temple | Temples protected by Department of Archaeology | Protected Monuments".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Narayanan, M.G.S (2013). Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. p. 97.
- ↑ daśagrīvasthito dharme purāṇe satyasaṃśrayaḥ jaṭāyur nāma nāmnāhaṃ gṛdhrarājo mahābalaḥ — Ramayana 3.048.003
- ↑ Pollet, Ag (1995). Indian Epic Values: Rāmāyaṇa and Its Impact : Proceedings of the 8th International Rāmāyaṇa Conference, Leuven, 6-8 July 1991. Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-6831-701-5.
- ↑ "Home 1 | Jatayurama". Retrieved 23 September 2021.