Jinnah–Mountbatten talks: Difference between revisions
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The '''Jinnah–Mountbatten Talks''' were [[Bilateral contract|bilateral talks]] held in [[Lahore]] between the Governor-Generals [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] of Pakistan and India, to address the [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir dispute]]. The talks were held on 1 November 1947, five days after India dispatched its troops to defend Kashmir against a | The '''Jinnah–Mountbatten Talks''' were [[Bilateral contract|bilateral talks]] held in [[Lahore]] between the Governor-Generals [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] of Pakistan and India, to address the [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir dispute]]. The talks were held on 1 November 1947, five days after India dispatched its troops to defend the princely state of Kashmir(which was a Muslim majority state recently acceded to India) against a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|tribal invasion]]. In the talks, Mountbatten presented India's offer to hold an impartial [[plebiscite]] under the United Nations auspices to decide the accession of Kashmir. Jinnah effectively rejected the offer.{{sfn|Moore, Making the new Commonwealth|1987|p=57}}{{sfn|Noorani, The Kashmir Dispute|2014|pp=13–14}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=111}} | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
Officially, the talks were to be held between the | Officially, the talks were to be held between the Governor-Generals and Prime Ministers of [[India and Pakistan]] at the state level, focused on the Kashmir dispute on November 1947.<ref name="Allied Publ.">{{cite book|last=Ghose|first=Sankar|title=Jawaharlal Nehru : a biography|year=1993|publisher=Allied Publ.|location=New Delhi [u.a.]|isbn=8170233690|edition=1. publ.}}</ref> The [[British government]] originally facilitated the negotiations in New Delhi, but the venue of the meeting was changed to [[Lahore]]. Before the negotiations started, Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] fell ill and his [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Deputy PM]], [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], refused to come to Lahore, stating "there was nothing to discuss with Pakistan's leadership."<ref name="Orient Longman">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Iqbal|title=Between two fires : towards an understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's foreign policy|year=1992|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad|isbn=812501585X|edition=1st publ.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/betweentwofiresv00iqba}}</ref> | ||
== Talks == | == Talks == | ||
On 1 November 1947, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] left for [[Pakistan]] to begin talks between the | On 1 November 1947, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] left for [[Pakistan]] to begin talks between the Governor-Generals of India and Pakistan over the issue of [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Lancer Publishers & Distributors">{{cite book|last=Bhandari|first=M.C.|title=Solving Kashmir|page=149|year=2006|publisher=Lancer Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170621259}}</ref> The talks lasted for three-and-a-half hours, where Mountbatten offered to Jinnah that India would hold a [[Plebiscite in Kashmir|plebiscite]] in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], provided that Pakistan withdrew its [[Pakistan Armed Forces|military]] support for the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir Regiment|Pakistan-occupied Kashmir forces]] and their allies.<ref name="A.P.H. Publ. Co.">{{cite book|last=Chitkara|first=M. G.|title=Kashmir : LoC|year=2003|publisher=A.P.H. Publ. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8176484415}}</ref> Mountbatten also stipulated that the [[Indian Army]] would remain in the [[Kashmir Valley]]. Jinnah opposed the plan and claimed that the Kashmir, with its massive Muslim majority, belonged to Pakistan as an essential element in an incomplete partition process.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} | ||
== Analysis == | == Analysis == | ||
Latest revision as of 15:10, 7 August 2022
The Jinnah–Mountbatten Talks were bilateral talks held in Lahore between the Governor-Generals Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Louis Mountbatten of Pakistan and India, to address the Kashmir dispute. The talks were held on 1 November 1947, five days after India dispatched its troops to defend the princely state of Kashmir(which was a Muslim majority state recently acceded to India) against a tribal invasion. In the talks, Mountbatten presented India's offer to hold an impartial plebiscite under the United Nations auspices to decide the accession of Kashmir. Jinnah effectively rejected the offer.[1][2][3]
 Jinnah with the Mountbattens, circa. 1947 | |
| Context | Pertaining to resolve the Kashmir conflict |
|---|---|
| Sealed | 1 November 1947 |
| Negotiators | Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Governor-General of Pakistan) Louis Mountbatten (Governor-General of India) |
| Parties |  Pakistan India |
| Language | English |
BackgroundEdit
Officially, the talks were to be held between the Governor-Generals and Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan at the state level, focused on the Kashmir dispute on November 1947.[4] The British government originally facilitated the negotiations in New Delhi, but the venue of the meeting was changed to Lahore. Before the negotiations started, Prime Minister Nehru fell ill and his Deputy PM, Vallabhbhai Patel, refused to come to Lahore, stating "there was nothing to discuss with Pakistan's leadership."[5]
TalksEdit
On 1 November 1947, Louis Mountbatten left for Pakistan to begin talks between the Governor-Generals of India and Pakistan over the issue of Kashmir.[6] The talks lasted for three-and-a-half hours, where Mountbatten offered to Jinnah that India would hold a plebiscite in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, provided that Pakistan withdrew its military support for the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir forces and their allies.[7] Mountbatten also stipulated that the Indian Army would remain in the Kashmir Valley. Jinnah opposed the plan and claimed that the Kashmir, with its massive Muslim majority, belonged to Pakistan as an essential element in an incomplete partition process.[citation needed]
AnalysisEdit
From the perspective of many authors, Jinnah was also convinced that a plebiscite under the supervision of the Indian Army would be sabotaged. Instead, he proposed an immediate and simultaneous withdrawal on both sides, including the Pakistani military and their allies, Pathan tribesmen, and the Indian troops.[8][failed verification] Hearing the proposal, Mountbatten told Jinnah that he needed the consent of Nehru and Patel.[citation needed] The talks failed to reach agreement and the Kashmir issue was referred to the United Nations.[9]
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Moore, Making the new Commonwealth 1987, p. 57.
- ↑ Noorani, The Kashmir Dispute 2014, pp. 13–14.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 111.
- ↑ Ghose, Sankar (1993). Jawaharlal Nehru : a biography (1. publ. ed.). New Delhi [u.a.]: Allied Publ. ISBN 8170233690.
- ↑ Singh, Iqbal (1992). Between two fires : towards an understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's foreign policy (1st publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. ISBN 812501585X.
- ↑ Bhandari, M.C. (2006). Solving Kashmir. New Delhi: Lancer Publishers & Distributors. p. 149. ISBN 8170621259.
- ↑ Chitkara, M. G. (2003). Kashmir : LoC. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publ. Co. ISBN 8176484415.
- ↑ Bajwa, Farooq (2013). From Kutch to Tashkent : the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 (1. publ. ed.). London, England: Hurst. ISBN 1849042306.
- ↑ Behuria, Ashok (2013), "India–Pakistan relations and the Kashmir issue (1947–2009): A historical perspective", in Sagarika Dutt; Alok Bansal (eds.), South Asian Security: 21st Century Discourses, Routledge, pp. 65–82, ISBN 978-1-136-61767-6
BibliographyEdit
- Moore, Robin James (1987), Making the new Commonwealth, Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-820112-0
- Noorani, A. G. (2014) [first published in 2013 by Tulika Books], The Kashmir Dispute, 1947–2012, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-940018-8
- Raghavan, Srinath (2010), War and Peace in Modern India, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7
- Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). Pakistan eye of the storm (2nd ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300101473.
External linksEdit
- staff writers, el. al. (1 June 2003). "Jinnah – Mountbatten Talks". Story of Pakistan, Nazaria-e-Pakistan Trust. Story of Pakistan, Nazaria-e-Pakistan Trust. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- "Jinnah and Kashmir". AJK Government. AJK Government. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- Zargar, Abdul Majid. "Jinnah-Mountbatten Talks on Kashmir". Current events. Current events. Retrieved 21 March 2014.