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{{Short description|Indian communist and revolutionary}} | |||
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|name = Anuradha Ghandy | |name = Anuradha Ghandy | ||
|image = Anuradha_Ghandy.jpg | |image = Anuradha_Ghandy.jpg | ||
|alt = | |alt = | ||
|caption = <small>Source - bbc.co.uk - © [2009] BBC</small> | |caption = <small>Source - bbc.co.uk - © [2009] BBC</small> | ||
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|resting_place = | |resting_place = | ||
|resting_place_coordinates = | |resting_place_coordinates = | ||
|nationality = [[India]]n | |nationality = [[India]]n | ||
|other_names = Narmada, Varsha, Rama, Anu, Janaki | |other_names = Narmada, Varsha, Rama, Anu, Janaki | ||
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|employer = | |employer = | ||
|known_for = Prominent Figure of Maoist movement in India | |known_for = Prominent Figure of Maoist movement in India | ||
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|title = | |title = | ||
|term = | |term = | ||
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|opponents = | |opponents = | ||
|boards = | |boards = | ||
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Kobad Ghandy]]|1983}} | |spouse = {{marriage|[[Kobad Ghandy]]|1983}} | ||
|partner = | |partner = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Anuradha Ghandy''' (28 March 1954 – 12 April 2008) was an | '''Anuradha Ghandy''' (28 March 1954 – 12 April 2008) was an Indian [[communist]], writer, and [[revolutionary]] leader. She was a Central Committee member of the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]. She was one of the founding members of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]], in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/29/stories/2008042956290700.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501170758/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/29/stories/2008042956290700.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 May 2008 | title=Maoist leader Anuradha dead | author=Special Correspondent | work=[[The Hindu]] | date= 29 April 2008}}</ref> | ||
Among the policy papers drafted by the [[Marxist]] movement, Anuradha had contributed significantly to the ones on [[caste]]s and '[[Feminism]] and Marxism'. She made the guerillas realise the potential of [[worker cooperative]]s in areas like agricultural production, in [[Dandakaranya]]. She was also critical on shifting patriarchal ideas that were then dominant in the party.<ref name="OPEN">{{cite journal | url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-rebel | title=The Rebel | author=Rahul Pandita | journal=[[OPEN (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] | date=26 September 2009}}</ref> | Among the policy papers drafted by the [[Marxist]] movement, Anuradha had contributed significantly to the ones on [[caste]]s and '[[Feminism]] and Marxism'. She made the guerillas realise the potential of [[worker cooperative]]s in areas like agricultural production, in [[Dandakaranya]]. She was also critical on shifting patriarchal ideas that were then dominant in the party.<ref name="OPEN">{{cite journal | url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-rebel | title=The Rebel | author=Rahul Pandita | journal=[[OPEN (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] | date=26 September 2009}}</ref> | ||
| Line 57: | Line 49: | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Anuradha was born to an older generation of communists, Ganesh and Kumud Shanbag,<ref name="OPEN"/> who were married in the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] office in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="OPEN"/> They were in the party till the mid-1950s, when it had not yet branched into the present Maoist and Marxist factions.<ref name="OPEN"/> Ganesh later got into the Defence committee, and volunteered to work in the cases filed against the communists.<ref name="OPEN"/> Kumud has been an active social worker all her life, and is at present involved with a women's group. The couple were very [[Left-wing|progressive]] in the way they brought up their children, who later became revolutionaries. Anuradha's brother, [[Sunil Shanbag]], is a [[Progressivism|progressive]] [[Mumbai]]-based playwright, writing left-wing revolutionary plays. Anuradha attended J. B. Petit School in [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]]. The children were exposed to varied views and ideas and were motivated to read a lot and develop their own interests such as classical dancing and theatre.<ref name="OPEN"/> In such a household, where communist ideas enjoyed a monopoly, it was inevitable that Anuradha would become intrigued with revolutionary politics. The prime period for the communist propaganda in India was the 1970s, with the [[Cultural Revolution]] in China, [[opposition to the Vietnam War]] in the US, and many other social changes. It was during this time that [[Naxalbari]] came into being, starting tribal and workers revolts across whole of South Asia. Anuradha was then involved with PROYOM, a radical student group. | Anuradha was born to an older generation of communists, Ganesh and Kumud Shanbag,<ref name="OPEN"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Punwani|first=Jyoti|date=2020-12-18|title=Kumud Shanbag: More than a revolutionary's mother|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/kumud-shanbag-more-than-a-revolutionarys-mother/article33365475.ece|access-date=2022-02-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> who were married in the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] office in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="OPEN"/> They were in the party till the mid-1950s, when it had not yet branched into the present Maoist and Marxist factions.<ref name="OPEN"/> Ganesh later got into the Defence committee, and volunteered to work in the cases filed against the communists.<ref name="OPEN"/> Kumud has been an active social worker all her life, and is at present involved with a women's group. The couple were very [[Left-wing|progressive]] in the way they brought up their children, who later became revolutionaries. Anuradha's brother, [[Sunil Shanbag]], is a [[Progressivism|progressive]] [[Mumbai]]-based playwright, writing left-wing revolutionary plays. Anuradha attended J. B. Petit School in [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]]. The children were exposed to varied views and ideas and were motivated to read a lot and develop their own interests such as classical dancing and theatre.<ref name="OPEN"/> In such a household, where communist ideas enjoyed a monopoly, it was inevitable that Anuradha would become intrigued with revolutionary politics. The prime period for the communist propaganda in India was the 1970s, with the [[Cultural Revolution]] in China, [[opposition to the Vietnam War]] in the US, and many other social changes. It was during this time that [[Naxalbari]] came into being, starting tribal and workers revolts across whole of South Asia. Anuradha was then involved with PROYOM, a radical student group. | ||
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
| Line 65: | Line 57: | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
In November 1983, Anuradha Shanbag married [[Kobad Ghandy]], also a [[Naxalite]] like herself.<ref> | In November 1983, Anuradha Shanbag married [[Kobad Ghandy]], also a [[Naxalite]] like herself.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/india/the-rebel | title=The Rebel | date=23 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= Kobad Ghandy |title= Letter to the Editor |url= http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/letter-to-the-editor |work = [[OPEN (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] |date= 8 May 2010 }}</ref> Ghandy hails from a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]-[[Parsi]] family.<ref>{{cite web |author= Nauzer Bharucha |title= Kobad's father backed cause: Brother-in-law |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-24/mumbai/28098945_1_kobad-anuradha-worli |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110811063757/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-24/mumbai/28098945_1_kobad-anuradha-worli |url-status= dead |archive-date= 11 August 2011 |work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 24 September 2009 }}</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Anuradha died of causes related to [[Plasmodium falciparum|falciparum]] [[malaria]] on 12 April 2008. [[Systemic scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]] had weakened her immune system, leading to multiple organ failure, which was, among other things. <ref>{{cite | Anuradha died of causes related to [[Plasmodium falciparum|falciparum]] [[malaria]] on 12 April 2008. Due to her fear of government persecution including arrests or false encounters (she would be seen by the state as a ‘Maoist terrorist’) she had given the doctor she went to for a checkup a false name and dud phone number. When the doctor found that she had the parasite [[Plasmodium falciparum]], he could not get through to her to warn her about these test results. On April 11, 2008, she was admitted to a hospital in Mumbai, but by then it was too late to save her. She died at the age of 54 on April 12, 2008. [[Systemic scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]] had weakened her immune system, leading to multiple organ failure, which was, among other things, a contributing factor to her tragic death.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://parsiana.com/archives/details.asp?article_id%3D2614%26search_for%3D |title=A Comrade and Companion |date=21 April 2010 |work= [Parsiana]}}</ref> It was during her stint in Jharkhand, educating the tribals against oppression of women in their society, when she contracted cerebral malaria.<ref name="OPEN"/> During her final days, she had been training the women cadre to develop leadership skills. | ||
==Bibliography== | |||
===Articles=== | |||
* 2001: "Fascism, Fundamentalism, and Patriarchy"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ansari|first=Halima Zoha|date=2022-01-09|title=Anuradha Ghandy On Hindutva, Women In RSS & A Complete Abolition Of Caste|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2022/01/10/anuradha-ghandy-hindutva-rss-women-caste/|access-date=2022-02-17|website=Feminism In India|language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
*2001: "People's War has shattered the hesitations of the women of Dandakaranya" | |||
====Books==== | |||
*2006: ''Philosophical Trends in the Feminist Movement'' | |||
*2012: ''Scripting the Change: Selected Writings of Anuradha Ghandy'' | |||
*2015: ''The Caste Question In India'' | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Communist Party of India (Maoist)}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghandy, Anuradha}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghandy, Anuradha}} | ||
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist) politicians]] | [[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist) politicians]] | ||
| Line 81: | Line 85: | ||
[[Category:Indian activists|Feminists]] | [[Category:Indian activists|Feminists]] | ||
[[Category:Anti-revisionists]] | [[Category:Anti-revisionists]] | ||
[[Category:Elphinstone College alumni]] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:26, 24 August 2022
Anuradha Ghandy (28 March 1954 – 12 April 2008) was an Indian communist, writer, and revolutionary leader. She was a Central Committee member of the Communist Party of India (Maoist). She was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist), in Maharashtra.[1]
Anuradha Ghandy | |
|---|---|
| File:Anuradha Ghandy.jpg Source - bbc.co.uk - © [2009] BBC | |
| Born | Anuradha Shanbag 28 March 1954 |
| Died | 12 April 2008 (aged 54) |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Other names | Narmada, Varsha, Rama, Anu, Janaki |
| Alma mater | Elphinstone College, Mumbai |
| Known for | Prominent Figure of Maoist movement in India |
| Spouse(s) | ( m. 1983) |
Among the policy papers drafted by the Marxist movement, Anuradha had contributed significantly to the ones on castes and 'Feminism and Marxism'. She made the guerillas realise the potential of worker cooperatives in areas like agricultural production, in Dandakaranya. She was also critical on shifting patriarchal ideas that were then dominant in the party.[2]
In her obituary for Anuradha, with whom she was friends from the days when the latter was still a college student in the 1970s,[3] Jyoti Punwani wrote: "'The Naxalite menace', says Manmohan Singh, 'is the biggest threat to the country'. But I remember a girl who was always laughing and who gave up a life rich in every way to change the lives of others".
Early lifeEdit
Anuradha was born to an older generation of communists, Ganesh and Kumud Shanbag,[2][4] who were married in the CPI office in Mumbai.[2] They were in the party till the mid-1950s, when it had not yet branched into the present Maoist and Marxist factions.[2] Ganesh later got into the Defence committee, and volunteered to work in the cases filed against the communists.[2] Kumud has been an active social worker all her life, and is at present involved with a women's group. The couple were very progressive in the way they brought up their children, who later became revolutionaries. Anuradha's brother, Sunil Shanbag, is a progressive Mumbai-based playwright, writing left-wing revolutionary plays. Anuradha attended J. B. Petit School in Santacruz. The children were exposed to varied views and ideas and were motivated to read a lot and develop their own interests such as classical dancing and theatre.[2] In such a household, where communist ideas enjoyed a monopoly, it was inevitable that Anuradha would become intrigued with revolutionary politics. The prime period for the communist propaganda in India was the 1970s, with the Cultural Revolution in China, opposition to the Vietnam War in the US, and many other social changes. It was during this time that Naxalbari came into being, starting tribal and workers revolts across whole of South Asia. Anuradha was then involved with PROYOM, a radical student group.
Political careerEdit
In the 1970s, Elphinstone College, Mumbai was a hub for the extremist left-wing activists, and Anuradha played a prime role. What she saw in the refugee camps in war-hit Bangladesh, and also the famine-hit areas of Maharashtra prior to that, must have brought her close to social work. Then she got into Progressive Youth Movement (PROYOM), from where she connected to the then-Naxalite movement. She took part in the 1975 Dalit Panther Movement.
She was one of the leading figures in India in its post-emergency days, when the Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights was founded. Her interests in the trade unions and the dalit movements of the Vidarbha region led to her move from Mumbai to Nagpur in 1982. She was arrested a number of times around this time, after which she went underground. There were mentions of her involvement with the tribals in Bastar. She was leading the women's wing of the party, working underground, until her death.[2]
Personal lifeEdit
In November 1983, Anuradha Shanbag married Kobad Ghandy, also a Naxalite like herself.[5][6] Ghandy hails from a Gujarati-Parsi family.[7]
DeathEdit
Anuradha died of causes related to falciparum malaria on 12 April 2008. Due to her fear of government persecution including arrests or false encounters (she would be seen by the state as a ‘Maoist terrorist’) she had given the doctor she went to for a checkup a false name and dud phone number. When the doctor found that she had the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, he could not get through to her to warn her about these test results. On April 11, 2008, she was admitted to a hospital in Mumbai, but by then it was too late to save her. She died at the age of 54 on April 12, 2008. Systemic sclerosis had weakened her immune system, leading to multiple organ failure, which was, among other things, a contributing factor to her tragic death.[8] It was during her stint in Jharkhand, educating the tribals against oppression of women in their society, when she contracted cerebral malaria.[2] During her final days, she had been training the women cadre to develop leadership skills.
BibliographyEdit
ArticlesEdit
- 2001: "Fascism, Fundamentalism, and Patriarchy"[9]
- 2001: "People's War has shattered the hesitations of the women of Dandakaranya"
BooksEdit
- 2006: Philosophical Trends in the Feminist Movement
- 2012: Scripting the Change: Selected Writings of Anuradha Ghandy
- 2015: The Caste Question In India
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Special Correspondent (29 April 2008). "Maoist leader Anuradha dead". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Rahul Pandita (26 September 2009). "The Rebel". OPEN.
- ↑ Jyoti Punwani (20 April 2008). "Memories of a Naxalite friend". The Times of India.
- ↑ Punwani, Jyoti (18 December 2020). "Kumud Shanbag: More than a revolutionary's mother". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ↑ "The Rebel". 23 September 2009.
- ↑ Kobad Ghandy (8 May 2010). "Letter to the Editor". OPEN.
- ↑ Nauzer Bharucha (24 September 2009). "Kobad's father backed cause: Brother-in-law". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011.
- ↑ "A Comrade and Companion". [Parsiana]. 21 April 2010.
- ↑ Ansari, Halima Zoha (9 January 2022). "Anuradha Ghandy On Hindutva, Women In RSS & A Complete Abolition Of Caste". Feminism In India. Retrieved 17 February 2022.