Cheer pheasant: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Taxobox | ||
| name = Cheer Pheasant | |||
| name = Cheer | | status = LC | ||
| status = | |||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref =<ref name= | | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>BirdLife International. 2012. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/100600266/0 ''Catreus wallichi''.] In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Downloaded on 14 June 2013.</ref> | ||
| image = Catreus wallichii hm.jpg | |||
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia | |||
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | |||
| classis = [[Aves]] | |||
| ordo = [[Galliformes]] | |||
| | | familia = [[Phasianidae]] | ||
| subfamilia = [[Phasianinae]] | |||
| genus = Catreus | | genus = '''''Catreus''''' | ||
| | | genus_authority = [[Jean Cabanis|Cabanis]], 1851 | ||
| species = wallichii | | species = '''''C. wallichii''''' | ||
| | | binomial = ''Catreus wallichii'' | ||
| binomial_authority = ([[Thomas Hardwicke|Hardwicke]], 1827) | |||
| synonyms_ref = | |||
| synonyms = | |||
* ''Phasianus wallichi'' <small>[[Thomas Hardwicke|Hardwicke]] (1827)</small> | |||
* ''Lophophorus wallichii'' <small>[[René-Primevère Lesson|Less.]] (1825)</small> | |||
* ''Phasianus staceii'' <small>[[Nicholas Aylward Vigors|Vigors]] (1832)</small> | |||
| range_map = Catreus wallichi distribution.PNG | |||
| range_map_width = | |||
| range_map_alt = Map showing range of the Cheer pheasant | |||
| range_map_caption = Range of ''Catreus wallichii'' | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''cheer pheasant''' (''Catreus wallichii'') also known as '''Wallich's pheasant''' (in [[Nepal]]: "Kahir", "Chihir") is a [[vulnerable species]] of the [[pheasant]] family, [[Phasianidae]]. It is the only member of the [[genus]] ''Catreus''. | |||
The | The [[species]] was named as ''Phasianus wallichi'' by the [[English people|English]] [[Zoology|zoologist]] [[Thomas Hardwicke]] in 1827; he named it after the [[Denmark|Danish]] [[botanist]] [[Nathaniel Wallich]]. Later the name was changed to the present name by the English [[ornithologist]] [[John Gould]].<ref name="beebe">{{cite book | last =Beebe | first =William | title =A monograph of the pheasants | publisher =Witherby & Co. | location =London | year =1918 |volume=3 |pages=49–66 | isbn = }} Available on line in [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107684#page/93/mode/1up Biodiversity Heritage Library]</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
[[ | The Cheer pheasant lacks the color and brilliance of most [[pheasant]]s. The male has a [[brown]]ish [[yellow]] [[Feather|plumage]] with black [[:wikt:marking|markings]] and a long gray [[crest]]; the [[skin]] of the face is red. Its long tail is mainly gray and brown,<ref name="gbwf">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/cheer.html |title=Cheer Pheasant, Catreus wallichi |publisher=gbwf.org |work= |accessdate=18 June 2013 |archive-date=3 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003083726/http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/cheer.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and has 18 feathers, something that puts this pheasant apart from similar species.<ref name="beebe1">{{cite book | last =Beebe | first =William | title =A monograph of the pheasants | publisher =Witherby & Co. | location =London | year =1918 |volume=1 |pages=XXVII | isbn = }} Available on line in [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34629314#page/43/mode/1up Biodiversity Heritage Library]</ref> | ||
[[ | |||
< | The female is smaller than the male, somewhat [[:wikt:dull|dull]]er in plumage and more heavily marked, with reduced red [[Face|facial]] skin, a shorter crest and lacking the male’s [[:en:wikt:spur|spurs]].<ref name="gbwf" /> | ||
Catreus wallichii.jpg|Cheer pheasant | |||
Catreus wallichii | [[File:Catreus wallichii -Kyoto Zoo-Japan-8a.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Head of Cheer pheasant at [[Kyoto Municipal Zoo|Kyoto Zoo]], [[Japan]]]] | ||
</ | ==Distribution== | ||
The Cheer pheasant is [[endemic]] to the western [[Himalayas]];<ref name="Jolli">{{cite journal|last1=Jolli|first1=Virat|last2=Srivastav|first2=A|last3=Thakur|first3=S|year=2011|title=Patch occupancy for cheer pheasant Catreus wallichii in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area|journal=International Journal of Galliformes Conservation|volume=2|pages=74–81|url=http://www.pheasant.org.uk/uploads/Pages_74-81_Joli_et_al_Patch_occupancy_for_Cheer_Pheasant.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=18 June 2013}}</ref> it is distributed in the highlands and [[scrubland]]s (a place where small shrubs are abundant as well as small [[herbaceous plant]]s, without [[tree]]s) of the southern foothills, most frequently from {{Convert|1455|to|3050|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} of the western [[Himalayas]], from north [[Pakistan]], through [[Kashmir]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Uttaranchal]], [[India]], to east to central [[Nepal]].<ref name=iucn /> | |||
[[Sample (statistics)|Survey]]s in 1981 and 2003 in the Dhorpatan area of western Nepal found that there were 70 places where the birds were heard, suggesting that many birds exist in this area (approximately 200 birds).<ref name="Lelliott 1981">Lelliott, A.D.(1981) Cheer Pheasants in west-central Nepal. World Pheasant Assoc. 6:89-95</ref><ref name="TRAGOPAN 19">{{Cite web|url=http://chinabird.org/news/TRAGOPAN%2019.pdf |format=PDF |title=PSG Project round-up |pages=6 |work=Newsletter of the WPA/BirdLife/Species Survival Commission |publisher=Pheasant Specialist Group |accessdate=18 June 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Birdlife Data Zone">{{Cite web |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=14328 |title=Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve |work=birdlife.org |publisher=Birdlife International |accessdate=18 June 2013 | |||
}}</ref> In another survey in 2010, Cheer pheasant was detected in 21 calling sites in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh.<ref name="Jolli" /> | |||
[[File:Catreus wallichii.jpg|thumb|Cheer pheasant pair from Himalaya, India]] | |||
==Biology and social behaviour== | |||
These pheasants tend to be fairly [[:en:wikt:gregarious|gregarious]] (traveling in groups) for much of the year, with groups of five to fifteen birds, but form [[Monogamy|monogamous]] pairs during the [[:wikt:breed|breeding]] season from late April to June.<ref name="pakistan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.wildlifeofpakistan.com/Cheer_Pheasant.htm |title=Cheer Pheasant |work=Pheasants of Pakistan |publisher=Wildlife of Pakistan |accessdate=18 June 2013 }}</ref> They breed on steep [[cliff]]s during summer and the number of [[Cleidoic egg|eggs]] in a [[nest]] is relatively large; there are usually ten to eleven eggs in each nest, though in some cases there as many as 14.<ref name="baker">{{cite journal|url= |last=Baker |first=E.C. Stuart |format= |title=The game birds of India, Burmay and Ceylon. Part XXV |journal=J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. |year=1918 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |location=Bombay |accessdate=18 June 2013|issn=}} Available on line in [https://archive.org/stream/journalofbombayn26bomb#page/n52/mode/1up Internet Archive]</ref> | |||
The Cheer pheasants get most of their food from the [[ground]], [[:wikt:digging|digging]] with is powerful [[beak]]s; they eat [[root]]s, [[tuber]]s, [[bulb]]s, [[seed]]s, [[insect]]s and other small animals. They look for food mainly during the morning and evening, walking in pairs or, sometimes, in family groups.<ref name="pakistan" /> | |||
In studies made in upper Beas Valley, it was found that the Cheer pheasants were sensitive to the presence of humans.<ref name="Jolli"/><ref>Jolli, Virat & Pandit, M. K. (2011). " Influence of Human Disturbance on the Abundance of Himalayan Pheasant (Aves, Galliformes) in the Temperate Forest of Western Himalaya, India". Vestnik Zoologii 45 (6): e40-e47. {{doi|10.2478/v10058-011-0035-0}} | |||
In studies | |||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
== | ==Conservation== | ||
Due to ongoing [[habitat]] loss, small population size and [[hunting]] in some areas, the Cheer pheasant is evaluated as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species.<ref name=iucn /> It is listed on Appendix I of [[CITES]].<ref name="cites_appendix">{{Cite web | |||
|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/ | |url=http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php |title=Appendices I, II and III of CITES |work=cites.org |publisher=[[CITES]] |accessdate=18 June 2013 }}</ref> The Cheer pheasant is legally protected in Nepal and India, and occurs in at least 12 protected areas in Himachal Pradesh, three in Uttar Pradesh and three in Nepal.<ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web | ||
|title= | |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=266&m=0 |title=Cheer Pheasant ''Catreus wallichi'' |work=birdlife.org |publisher=Birdlife International|accessdate=18 June 2013 }}</ref> | ||
|work=birdlife.org | |||
|publisher=Birdlife International | |||
Attempts to reintroduce captive bred Cheer pheasants in [[Pakistan]] have been unsuccessful.<ref name="birdlife" /> | |||
==Gallery== | |||
| | <center> | ||
| | <gallery> | ||
| | File:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVIIGoul 0080.jpg|''Catreus wallichi'', in<br />Birds of Asia | ||
File:Catreus wallichii by OpenCage.jpg|''Catreus wallichii''<br />(Wallich's pheasant) | |||
File:Pheasant at Sudeley Castle.jpg|Pheasant at Sudeley Castle, England | |||
</gallery> | |||
</center> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
== | ==Other websites== | ||
{{commons category|Catreus wallichii}} | |||
{{wikispecies|Catreus wallichii}} | |||
{{ | * ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant ''(Catreus wallichi)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193056/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Catreus_wallichi/ |date=2006-06-19 }} | ||
* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Catreus_wallichii.html Animal Diversity Web - ''Catreus wallichii''] | |||
* [http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/11910007 Catalogue of Life] | |||
* [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=176118 ITIS Report] | |||
[[Category:Birds of Pakistan]] | [[Category:Birds of Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category:Birds of | [[Category:Birds of Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:Birds | [[Category:Galliformes]] | ||
[[Category:Birds of India]] | |||
{{simple-Wikipedia}} | |||
Latest revision as of 19:43, 30 April 2021
The cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichii) also known as Wallich's pheasant (in Nepal: "Kahir", "Chihir") is a vulnerable species of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the only member of the genus Catreus.
| Cheer Pheasant | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: | |
| Genus: | Catreus Cabanis, 1851
|
| Species: | C. wallichii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Catreus wallichii (Hardwicke, 1827)
| |
| |
| Range of Catreus wallichii | |
| Synonyms | |
The species was named as Phasianus wallichi by the English zoologist Thomas Hardwicke in 1827; he named it after the Danish botanist Nathaniel Wallich. Later the name was changed to the present name by the English ornithologist John Gould.[2]
DescriptionEdit
The Cheer pheasant lacks the color and brilliance of most pheasants. The male has a brownish yellow plumage with black markings and a long gray crest; the skin of the face is red. Its long tail is mainly gray and brown,[3] and has 18 feathers, something that puts this pheasant apart from similar species.[4]
The female is smaller than the male, somewhat duller in plumage and more heavily marked, with reduced red facial skin, a shorter crest and lacking the male’s spurs.[3]
DistributionEdit
The Cheer pheasant is endemic to the western Himalayas;[5] it is distributed in the highlands and scrublands (a place where small shrubs are abundant as well as small herbaceous plants, without trees) of the southern foothills, most frequently from 1,455 to 3,050 m (4,774 to 10,007 ft) of the western Himalayas, from north Pakistan, through Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal, India, to east to central Nepal.[1]
Surveys in 1981 and 2003 in the Dhorpatan area of western Nepal found that there were 70 places where the birds were heard, suggesting that many birds exist in this area (approximately 200 birds).[6][7][8] In another survey in 2010, Cheer pheasant was detected in 21 calling sites in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh.[5]
Biology and social behaviourEdit
These pheasants tend to be fairly gregarious (traveling in groups) for much of the year, with groups of five to fifteen birds, but form monogamous pairs during the breeding season from late April to June.[9] They breed on steep cliffs during summer and the number of eggs in a nest is relatively large; there are usually ten to eleven eggs in each nest, though in some cases there as many as 14.[10]
The Cheer pheasants get most of their food from the ground, digging with is powerful beaks; they eat roots, tubers, bulbs, seeds, insects and other small animals. They look for food mainly during the morning and evening, walking in pairs or, sometimes, in family groups.[9]
In studies made in upper Beas Valley, it was found that the Cheer pheasants were sensitive to the presence of humans.[5][11]
ConservationEdit
Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size and hunting in some areas, the Cheer pheasant is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] It is listed on Appendix I of CITES.[12] The Cheer pheasant is legally protected in Nepal and India, and occurs in at least 12 protected areas in Himachal Pradesh, three in Uttar Pradesh and three in Nepal.[13]
Attempts to reintroduce captive bred Cheer pheasants in Pakistan have been unsuccessful.[13]
GalleryEdit
Catreus wallichi, in
Birds of Asia
Catreus wallichii
(Wallich's pheasant)
Pheasant at Sudeley Castle, England
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 BirdLife International. 2012. Catreus wallichi. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Downloaded on 14 June 2013.
- ↑ Beebe, William (1918). A monograph of the pheasants. Vol. 3. London: Witherby & Co. pp. 49–66. Available on line in Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Cheer Pheasant, Catreus wallichi". gbwf.org. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ Beebe, William (1918). A monograph of the pheasants. Vol. 1. London: Witherby & Co. pp. XXVII. Available on line in Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jolli, Virat; Srivastav, A; Thakur, S (2011). "Patch occupancy for cheer pheasant Catreus wallichii in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area" (PDF). International Journal of Galliformes Conservation. 2: 74–81. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ Lelliott, A.D.(1981) Cheer Pheasants in west-central Nepal. World Pheasant Assoc. 6:89-95
- ↑ "PSG Project round-up" (PDF). Newsletter of the WPA/BirdLife/Species Survival Commission. Pheasant Specialist Group. p. 6. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ "Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve". birdlife.org. Birdlife International. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Cheer Pheasant". Pheasants of Pakistan. Wildlife of Pakistan. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ Baker, E.C. Stuart (1918). "The game birds of India, Burmay and Ceylon. Part XXV". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay. 26 (1): 1–5.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) Available on line in Internet Archive - ↑ Jolli, Virat & Pandit, M. K. (2011). " Influence of Human Disturbance on the Abundance of Himalayan Pheasant (Aves, Galliformes) in the Temperate Forest of Western Himalaya, India". Vestnik Zoologii 45 (6): e40-e47. doi:10.2478/v10058-011-0035-0
- ↑ "Appendices I, II and III of CITES". cites.org. CITES. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichi". birdlife.org. Birdlife International. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Other websitesEdit
- ARKive - images and movies of the Cheer Pheasant (Catreus wallichi) Archived 2006-06-19 at the Wayback Machine
- Animal Diversity Web - Catreus wallichii
- Catalogue of Life
- ITIS Report