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{{Short description|South Indian synonym for a king or ruler}} | |||
'''Perumal | {{Vaishnavism}} | ||
'''Perumal''' ({{langx|ta|பெருமாள்|translit=}}; literally meaning "the Great One"<ref name=":282">{{Cite book |last=Devadevan |first=Manu V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exzhDwAAQBAJ&q=The+%E2%80%98Early+Medieval%27+Origins+of+India |title=The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn= |location= |pages=122 |chapter=Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cera State}}</ref>) is the name of a Hindu deity (see [[Perumal (deity)|Perumal]]). The term was also commonly used in medieval south India as a synonym for a king or ruler.<ref name=":282" /> | |||
Several rulers are explicitly referred to as "Perumal" in historical inscriptions. These include [[Sripurusha]], Rachamalla, and Neetimarga of the [[Western Ganga dynasty]]; Maran Chadayan of the [[Pandya dynasty]]; [[Parantaka I|Parantaka]] of the Chola dynasty; and [[Paramesvaravarman II|Paramesvara Varma II]] of Kanchi from the [[Pallava dynasty]].<ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M. G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ&q=perumals+of+kerala |title=Perumals of Kerala |publisher=CosmoBooks |year=2013 |isbn=9788188765072 |location=Thrissur (Kerala) |pages=171 |orig-date=1972}}</ref> Among the [[Chera Perumals of Makotai|Chera]] rulers, notable figures bearing the title are Rama Rajasekhara (also known as [[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar|Cheraman Perumal the Nayanar]]) and Sthanu Ravi (identified with [[Kulasekhara Alvar|Kulasekhara the Alvar]]).<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-concise-history-of-south-india-9780198099772?cc=us&lang=en& |title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-809977-2 |editor-last=Karashima |editor-first=Noboru |pages=146–47 |chapter=States in Deccan and Kerala}}</ref> | |||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]] | [[Category:Hindu dynasties]] | ||
[[Category:Indian | [[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]] | ||
[[Category:Dynasties of India]] | [[Category:Dynasties of India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:39, 22 January 2026
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Perumal (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; literally meaning "the Great One"[1]) is the name of a Hindu deity (see Perumal). The term was also commonly used in medieval south India as a synonym for a king or ruler.[1]
Several rulers are explicitly referred to as "Perumal" in historical inscriptions. These include Sripurusha, Rachamalla, and Neetimarga of the Western Ganga dynasty; Maran Chadayan of the Pandya dynasty; Parantaka of the Chola dynasty; and Paramesvara Varma II of Kanchi from the Pallava dynasty.[2] Among the Chera rulers, notable figures bearing the title are Rama Rajasekhara (also known as Cheraman Perumal the Nayanar) and Sthanu Ravi (identified with Kulasekhara the Alvar).[3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Devadevan, Manu V. (2020). "Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cera State". The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 122.
- ↑ Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. p. 171. ISBN 9788188765072.
- ↑ Karashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). "States in Deccan and Kerala". A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–47. ISBN 978-0-19-809977-2.