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| {{Short description|Maintenance of peace within a state}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Domestic security]] |
| {{unreferenced|date=November 2019}}
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| '''Internal security''' is the act of keeping peace within the [[border]]s of a [[sovereign state]] or other [[Self-governance|self-governing territories]], generally by upholding the national [[law]] and defending against internal security threats. Responsibility for internal security may range from [[police]] to [[paramilitary]] forces, and in exceptional circumstances, the [[military]] itself.
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| ==Threats to internal security==
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| Threats to the general peace may range from minor [[civil disorder|civil unrest]], large scale [[violence]], or even an armed [[insurgency]]. Threats to internal security may be directed at either the state's [[citizen]]s, or the organs and infrastructure of [[State (polity)|the state]] itself, and may range from petty [[crime]], serious [[organised crime|organized crime]], political or industrial unrest, or even domestic [[terrorism]]. Foreign powers may also act as a threat to internal security, by either committing or sponsoring terrorism or [[rebellion]], without actually [[Declaration of war|declaring war]].
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| Governmental responsibility for internal security will generally rest with an [[interior ministry]], as opposed to a [[Defence minister|defence ministry]]. Depending on the state, a state's internal security will be maintained by either the ordinary [[police]] or more militarised security forces (known as [[Gendarmerie]] or, literally, the [[Internal Troops]].). Other specialized internal security agencies may exist to augment these main forces, such as [[border guard]]s, [[List of special law enforcement units|special police unit]]s, or aspects of the state's [[Intelligence agency|intelligence agencies]]. In some states, internal security may be the primary responsibility of a [[secret police]] force.
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| The level of authorized force used by agencies and forces responsible for maintaining internal security might range from unarmed [[police]] to fully armed [[paramilitary]] organizations, or employ some level of [[less-lethal weapon]]ry in between. For violent situations, internal [[security forces]] may contain some element of military type equipment such as [[non-military armored vehicles]].
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| ==Justice aspects==
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| Depending on the organization of the state, internal security forces may have [[jurisdiction]] on national or [[Federation|federal]] levels. As the concept of internal security refers to the entity of the state and its citizens, persons who are threats to internal security may be designated as an [[enemy of the state]] or [[enemy of the people]].
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| Persons detained by internal security forces may either be dealt with by the normal [[criminal justice]] system, or for more serious crimes against internal security such as [[treason]], they may face special measures such as [[secret trial]]s. In times of extreme unrest, internal security actions may include measures such as [[internment]] (detention without trial).
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| ==Relationship with the military==
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| Depending on the nature of the specific state's [[form of government]], enforcing internal security will generally not be carried out by a country's [[military]] forces, whose primary role is external defense, except in times of extreme unrest or other [[state of emergency]], short of [[civil war]]. Often, military involvement in internal security is restricted to authorized [[military aid to the civil power]] as part of the principle of [[civilian control of the military]]. Military [[special forces]] units may in some cases be put under the temporary command of civilian powers, for special internal security situations such as [[counter terrorism]] operations.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Homeland security]]
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| * [[National security]]
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| * [[Private security]]
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| * [[McCarran Internal Security Act]] of 1950 (US)
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| ==External links==
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| *[https://www.insightsonindia.com/security-issues/internal-security/internal-security/ Meanings of Internal security] at insightsonindia.com
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| {{Authority control}} | |
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| [[Category:Government]]
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| [[Category:Gendarmerie]]
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| [[Category:Law enforcement]]
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| [[Category:Paramilitary]]
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