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| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
| | #Redirect [[Quli Qutb Shah]] |
| {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
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| {{Infobox monarch
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| | name = Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk
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| | title = First [[Sultan]] of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
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| | image =
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| | reign = 1512–1543
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| | coronation =
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| | predecessor =
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| | successor = [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]
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| | spouse =
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| | issue = Qutbuddin <br/>[[Jamsheed Qutb Shah|Jamsheed]]<br/>Abdul Quadeer<br/>Abdul Karim<br/>Husayn<br/>[[Ibrahim Qutb Shah|Ibrahim]]
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| | royal house = [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
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| | father = Uways Quli Beg
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| | mother = Maryam Khanum
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| | birth_date = 1470
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| | birth_place = [[Hamadan]], [[Persia]]
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| | death_date = {{death date and age|1543|9|2|1470|df=yes}}
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| | death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Sultanate of Golconda]]
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| | place of burial= [[Qutb Shahi tombs]], Hyderabad
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| | religion = [[Shia Islam]]
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| | succession=1st [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Sultan of the Qutb Shahi Sultanate of Golconda]]}}
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| '''Quli Qutb Mulk''' (1470 – 1543), known by the regnal name '''Quli Qutb Shah''' (also [[transliterated]] in different ways), was the founder of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], which ruled the [[Sultanate of Golconda]] in southern [[India]] from 1518 to 1687.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=118}}</ref>
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| ==Background==
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| Originally named Sultan Quli, he was a [[Shi'i]] [[Turkmens|Turkmen]] from the city of [[Hamadan]] in [[Persia]].<ref name="Siddiqi1956">{{cite book|last=Siddiqi|first=Abdul Majeed|title=History of Golcunda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omYgAAAAMAAJ|year=1956|publisher=Literary Publications|page=7}}</ref><ref name="Cole2011">{{cite book|last1=Cole|first1=Juan R.I.|authorlink1=Juan Cole|editor1=Nikki R. Keddie|editor-link1=Nikki Keddie|editor2=Rudi Matthee|editor-link2=Rudi Matthee|title=Iranian Culture and South Asia, 1500-1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLlcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|series=Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics|year=2011|publisher=University of Washington Press|location=Seattle and London|isbn=978-0-295-80024-0|page=25}}</ref> He was the son of Uways Quli Beg, of the [[Qara Qoyunlu]] dynasty, and Maryam Khanum, a daughter of the Hamadan noble Malik Saleh. Through his father, he was descended from the Turkmen ruler [[Qara Yusuf]] twice over; his grandparents, Pir Quli Beg and Khadija Begum, were grandchildren of Qara Yusuf's sons [[Qara Iskander]] and [[Jahan Shah]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Minorsky|first=V.|date=1955-01-01|title=The Qara-qoyunlu and the Qutb-shāhs (Turkmenica, 10)|jstor=609229|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=17|issue=1|pages=50–73|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00106342}}</ref><ref>Ramanand Vidya Bhawan, ''The Indian Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, Issues 1-4'', 1985, p.711</ref>
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| Sultan Quli had come to South India for the horse trade, and he is mentioned in SM Kamal's book '''''Muslimkalum Tamilakamum''''' as belonging to the [[Rawther|Turkic Rowther Clan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Em.|first=Kamāl, Es.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/27771376|title=Muslīmkaḷum Tamil̲akamum|date=1990|publisher=Islāmiya Āyvu Paṇpāṭu Maiyam|pages=42|oclc=27771376}}</ref> He migrated to [[Delhi]] with some of his relatives and friends, including his uncle Allah Quli Beg, in the beginning of the 16th century. Later, he travelled south to [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and served the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani sultan]].<ref name="Michell">George Michell, Mark Zebrowski, ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: 1. The Portuguese in India'', (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 17.</ref> Due to his successful leadership in military conflicts, he received the title "Qutb-ul-Mulk".<ref name="Nayeem2006">{{cite book|last=Nayeem|first=M. A.|title=The Heritage of the Qutb Shahis of Golconda and Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V48MAQAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Hyderabad Publishers|location=Hyderabad|isbn=978-81-85492-23-0|page=3}}</ref>
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| ==Establishing the Qutb Shahi Sultanate==
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| [[File:Tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb Shah 01.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb Shah in [[Hyderabad]]]]
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| After the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate into the five [[Deccan sultanates]], he declared independence and took the title of '''Qutb Shah''', and established the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] of [[Golconda]].<ref name="Rao1988">{{cite book|last=Rao|first=P. Raghunadha|title=History of Modern Andhra Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncxAAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-81-207-0878-5|page=18}}</ref>
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| ==Extension of the Sultanate==
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| Quli Qutb Shah was a contemporary of [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishana Deva Raya]] and his younger brother [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. Quli extended his rule by capturing forts at [[Warangal]], [[Kondapalli]], [[Eluru]], and [[Rajamundry]], while Krishnadevaraya was fighting the ruler of [[Odisha]]. He defeated [[Sitapati Raju]] (known as Shitab Khan), the ruler of [[Khammam]], and captured the fort. He forced Odisha's ruler [[Vishwanath Dev Gajapati]] to surrender all the territories between the mouths of [[Krishna river|Krishna]] and [[Godavari river]]s.{{sfn|KSB Singh|1939|p=18}} He was able to occupy Eluru, Rajamundry and [[Machilipatnam]] extending his rule to [[Coastal Andhra]]. Quli's campaign against Krishnadevaraya continued until [[Timmarusu]], the Prime Minister of Krishnadevaraya, defeated the Golconda army.
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| ==Death and succession==
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| In 1543, while he was offering his prayers, Quli Qutb Shah was assassinated by his second son, [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]].<ref name="Michell" /> Jamsheed also blinded Quli's eldest son and heir, [[Qutbuddin]], and assumed the throne. His sixth son [[Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]] fled to [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara]]. Jamsheed also killed his brother (the third son of Quli Qutb Shah), Abdul Quadeer, who had revolted after their father's death.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| * {{cite book |author=KSB Singh |title=Nandapur A Forsaken Kingdom |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.209240 |year=1939 |publisher=Utkal Sahitya Press |isbn=978-81-86772-17-1 |ref={{sfnref|KSB_Singh1939}} }}
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| {{s-start}}
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| {{succession box|title=[[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]|before=-|after=[[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]|years=1512–1543}}
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| {{s-end}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Quli Qutb Shah}}
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| [[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
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| [[Category:1543 deaths]]
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| [[Category:Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
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| [[Category:Hyderabad State]]
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| [[Category:People from Hamadan Province]]
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| [[Category:1470 births]]
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| [[Category:Ethnic Turkmen people]]
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