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| {{short description|Ancient kingdom in Asia}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Parada kingdom]] |
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| '''Pāradas''' (alternatively '''Varadas''', '''Parita''') was an Iron Age kingdom described in various ancient and classical Indian texts. The exact location of the kingdom is unknown. The [[Vayu Purana]] locates the tribe on the upper course of the [[Amu Darya]] (also known as Chaksu) and [[Syr Darya]] rivers in [[Central Asia]].<ref name="J. W. McCrindle">Alexander's Invasion of India, p. 57</ref> The [[Mahabharata]], however, associates the Paradas with the [[tribe]]s of [[Uttarapatha]], and places them on the [[Sailoda River]] in the [[Xinjiang]] province of [[China]]. Additionally, the [[Ramayana]] locates the people in the [[Himalayas]].<ref>Ramayana Kisk. Kanda, 43-12</ref>
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| It is thought that the Pāradas are connected to the later [[Paratarajas]], an [[Indo-Parthian]] dynasty in [[Pakistan]] during the 1st-3rd century CE.<ref>New light on the Paratarajas, Pankaj Tandon [http://people.bu.edu/ptandon/Paratarajas.pdf p11]</ref>
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| ==Discussion in the Puranic texts==
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| Numerous Puranic texts associate the Parada Kingdom with the [[Kambojas|Kamboja]], [[Saka]], [[Yavana]] and [[Pahlava]] tribes, and brand them together as ''Panca-ganah'' ("five hordes"). These five hordes were military allies of the [[Haihaya]] or [[Taljunga]] [[Kshatriya]]s of the [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri|Yadava]] line, and were chiefly responsible for dethroning [[King Bahu]] of [[Kosala]]. Later, [[King Sagar]]a, son of Bahu, was able to defeat the Haihayas or Taljungas together with the five hordes.
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| King Sagara had divested the Paradas and other members of the ''Panca-ganah'' of their noble [[Kshatriya]]hood and demoted them to the [[barbaric]] [[caste]] of [[Mlechchas]], due to their non-observance of sacred [[Brahmanical codes]] and neglect of the [[priestly class]]. Before their defeat at the hands of King Sagara, these five-hordes were called ''Kshatriya-pungava'' ("foremost among the Kshatriyas").<ref>[[Manusmriti]] X.43-44</ref>
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| The Vayu Purana state that the [[Udichya]] tribes, including the ''Panca-ganah'', the [[Gandhara]]s, [[Tushara Kingdom|Tusharas]], [[Khasas|Khasa]]s, [[Lampaka]]s, [[Madhyadesi]]s, [[Vindhya]]s, [[Apranta]]s, [[Dakshinatya]]s, [[Dravidian people|Dravidas]], [[Pulinda]]s and [[Simhala]]s, would be proceeded against and annihilated by [[Kalki]] in [[Kali Yuga]].
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}} | |
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| ==External links==
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| {{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}} | |
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| [[Category:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata]]
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