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Gupta–Hunnic Wars: Difference between revisions
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'''Gupta–Hunnic Wars''' was a series of the wars between the Hunas (Hunnics) and the Gupta Empire. | |||
{{Infobox military conflict | |||
| conflict = Gupta–Hunnic Wars | |||
| partof = Indo–Hunnic Wars | |||
| image = {{Location map+ | |||
|South Asia | |||
|float = center | |||
|width = 300 | |||
|border = none | |||
|caption = Approximate extent of the [[Alchon Huns]], and [[find spot]]s of inscriptions related to their local control (map of the [[Indian subcontinent]])<ref>[[Hans Bakker]] [https://zenodo.org/record/377032/files/Bakker%202016.pdf 24th Gonda lecture]</ref> | |||
|nodiv = 1 | |||
|mini = 1 | |||
|relief=yes | |||
|places = | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=26|N |long=76|E |label=|position= |label_size=0|mark=Alchon border.png|marksize=170 }} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=23.83|N |long=74.25|E |label=[[Sanjeli inscriptions|Sanjeli]]|position=left |label_size=80 }} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=24.09|N |long=78.16|E |label=[[Eran]] |position=right |label_size=80}} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=26.22|N |long=78.17|E |label=[[Gwalior inscription of Mihirakula|Gwalior]] |position=top |label_size=80 }} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=24.07|N |long=75.08|E |label=[[Mandsaur|Sondani]]|position=bottom |label_size=80}} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=24.38|N |long=74.70|E |label=[[Choti Sadri]]|position=top |label_size=80}} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=32.40|N |long=72.47|E |label=[[Salt Range|Kura]]|position=top |label_size=80}} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=25.33|N |long=81.39|E |label=Sack of [[Kausambi]]|position=right |label_size=80|mark=Capital mark.svg}} | |||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=22.32|N |long=75.3033907|E |label=[[Rīsthal inscription|Rīsthal]]|position=bottom |label_size=80|mark=1000x1.png|marksize=0}} | |||
}} | |||
| date = 350–534 CE{{sfn|Bakker|2020|pp=31–34}} | |||
| place = [[Gandhara]], [[Bactria]], [[Oxus]], [[Kashmir]], [[Punjab]], [[Gujarat|Gujrat]], [[Central India]] and [[Bihar]] | |||
| result = Gupta victory{{sfn|Bakker|2020|p=34}}<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Majumdar |editor-first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/classicalage03bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 03, The Classical Age |date=1970 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |page=38}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/goyal-1967 |title=History Of The Imperial Guptas |language=English |page=350}}</ref> | |||
| territory = * [[Hephthalites]] occupied [[Bactria]] | |||
* [[Kidara I]] conquered [[Gandhara]] | |||
* [[Chandragupta II]] conquered the [[Bactria]] region{{efn|" The [[Iron pillar of Delhi|Mehrauli Pillar Inscription]] (No.20) describes the digvijaya of a king named Candra (i.e. [[Chandragupta II|Candragupta II]]) in the first verse as stated below : | |||
{{quote|"He, on whose arm fame was inscribed by the sword, when, in battle in the [[Vanga Kingdom|Vanga]] countries, he kneaded (and turned) back with (his) breast the enemies who, uniting together, came against him;—he, by whom, having crossed in warfare the seven mouths of the (river) [[Sindhu]], the [[Bahlikas|Vāhlikas]];—he by the breezes of whose prowess the Southern ocean is even still perfumed".}} | |||
We find various readings of the name Vāhlika in literature which are : Vāhlika, Bāhlika, Vāhlīka and Bāhlīka. In our inscription (No. 20) 'Vāhilikāḥ', i.e. [[Bactria]] (modern [[Balkh]]) region on the [[Oxus]] in the northern part of [[Afghanistan]]."{{sfn|Tej Ram Sharma|1978|p=[https://archive.org/details/personalgeograph00sharuoft/page/167/mode/1up 167]}}}}{{efn|J. F. Fleet's 1888 translation is as follows:{{sfn|Balasubramaniam|2005|pp=7–8}} | |||
{{quote|(Verse 1) He, on whose arm fame was inscribed by the sword, when, in battle in the [[Vanga Kingdom|Vanga]] countries ([[Bengal]]), he kneaded (and turned) back with (his) breast the enemies who, uniting together, came against (him); – he, by whom, having crossed in warfare the seven mouths of the (river) [[Sindhu]], the [[Vahlikas]] were conquered; – he, by the breezes of whose prowess the southern ocean is even still perfumed; –}}}} | |||
* [[Chandragupta II]] occupied the [[Oxus]] | |||
* [[Gupta Empire]] imposed suzerainty over the [[Indus]] basin{{efn|"'''THE SECOND HUNA INVASION'''<br />The attitude of the imperial Guptas towards the North-West presents a very interesting problem for the students of their history. It is quite apparent that they had the power and resources to incorporate the [[Indus]] basin in their empire ; but they did nothing more than imposing a vague sort of suzerainty over it which did not last very long."{{sfn|Goyal|1967|p=277}}}} | |||
* [[Toramana]] pushed deep into [[Central India]] | |||
* [[Toramana]] retreated to [[Punjab]] | |||
* [[Mihirakula]] conquered most of [[North India]] | |||
* loss of [[Alchon Hun]] possessions in [[Punjab]] and [[North India]] by 542 | |||
* [[Yashodharman]] and [[Narasimhagupta]] conquered most of [[India]] | |||
| combatant1 = [[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] [[Gupta Empire]]<br />[[File:Flag Of Kushan Empire.png|20px]] [[Kushan Empire|Kidarites]]<br />Maukhari dynasty<br />Aulikara dynasty | |||
| combatant2 = [[File:Hephthalite tamgha.jpg|18px]] [[Hephthalites]]<br />[[File:Derafsh Kaviani flag of the late Sassanid Empire.svg|20px]] [[Sassanid Empire|Sasanians]]<br/>[[File:Flag Of Kushan Empire.png|20px]] Kidarites ([[Kushans]])<br />[[File:Alchon Tamga.png|18px]] Alchon Huns<br />[[Sakas]] | |||
| commander1 = [[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] [[Samudragupta]]<br />[[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] [[Chandragupta II]]<br />[[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] [[Kumaragupta I]]<br />[[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] [[Skandagupta]]<br />[[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] Narasimhagupta<br />[[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] Budhagupta<br />[[File:Seal of Kumaragupta.png|18px]] Goparaja {{KIA}}<br />Yashodharman<br />Prakashadharman <br />Ishanavarman<br />Mātṛviṣṇu {{KIA}}<br/ >Kidara I | |||
| commander2 = 3 unknown [[Hephthalites|Hepthalite]] kings{{POW}} & {{executed}} (possibly)<ref>"The young son of Mahendrasena led his father's army of two hundred thousand men against the enemy whose soldiers numbered three hundred thousand. The prince however, broke the enemy army and won the battle. On his return his father crown him saying "henceforth rule the kingdom," and himself retired to religious life. For twelve years after this, the new king fought these foreign enemies, and ultimately captured and executed the three kings.' It has been suggested that this story gives an account of the fight between [[Skandagupta]] and the [[Hunas|Hūṇas]] (IHIJ. 36)." {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZYwAAAAMAAJ |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age |date=1951 |publisher=G. Allen & Unwin |language=en |page=27}}</ref><br />Khingila I<br />Piro<br />Bhūta<br />Bharatbala<br />Toramana<br />Mihirakula ([[POW]])<br />Prakasaditya<br />Harigupta<br />Dhanyavishnu | |||
}} | |||
Revision as of 12:13, 1 July 2025
Gupta–Hunnic Wars was a series of the wars between the Hunas (Hunnics) and the Gupta Empire.
| Gupta–Hunnic Wars | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Indo–Hunnic Wars | |||||||||
Approximate extent of the Alchon Huns, and find spots of inscriptions related to their local control (map of the Indian subcontinent)[1] | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Gupta Empire KidaritesMaukhari dynasty Aulikara dynasty |
 Hephthalites Sasanians Kidarites (Kushans) Alchon HunsSakas | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Samudragupta Chandragupta II Kumaragupta I Skandagupta Narasimhagupta Budhagupta Goparaja † Yashodharman Prakashadharman Ishanavarman Mātṛviṣṇu † Kidara I |
3 unknown Hepthalite kings (POW) &  (possibly)[9]Khingila I Piro Bhūta Bharatbala Toramana Mihirakula (POW) Prakasaditya Harigupta Dhanyavishnu | ||||||||
- ↑ Hans Bakker 24th Gonda lecture
- ↑ Bakker 2020, pp. 31–34.
- ↑ Bakker 2020, p. 34.
- ↑ Majumdar, R. C., ed. (1970). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 03, The Classical Age. Public Resource. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 38.
- ↑ History Of The Imperial Guptas. p. 350.
- ↑ Tej Ram Sharma 1978, p. 167.
- ↑ Balasubramaniam 2005, pp. 7–8.
- ↑ Goyal 1967, p. 277.
- ↑ "The young son of Mahendrasena led his father's army of two hundred thousand men against the enemy whose soldiers numbered three hundred thousand. The prince however, broke the enemy army and won the battle. On his return his father crown him saying "henceforth rule the kingdom," and himself retired to religious life. For twelve years after this, the new king fought these foreign enemies, and ultimately captured and executed the three kings.' It has been suggested that this story gives an account of the fight between Skandagupta and the Hūṇas (IHIJ. 36)." The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. G. Allen & Unwin. 1951. p. 27.
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