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| {{For|the politician from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Fazal Elahi}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Fazal Elahi Chaudhry]] |
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| {{Infobox officeholder
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| | name = Fazal Elahi Chaudhry <br />
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| | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|فضل الہی چودھری}}}}}}
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| | honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]]
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| | office = [[President of Pakistan|5th President of Pakistan]]
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| | image = Fazal E Ch.jpg
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| | caption =
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| | predecessor = [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
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| | primeminister = Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
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| | successor = [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] (Martial Law)
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| | office2 = 6th [[Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| | predecessor2 = [[Mohammad Afzal Cheema]]
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| | party = [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]
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| | deputy1 = Mohammad Haneef Khan
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| | office1 = 8th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| | predecessor1 = [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
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| | successor1 = [[Sahibzada Farooq Ali]]
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| | termend2 = 25 March 1969
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| | termstart2 = 12 January 1965
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| | successor2 = [[A. T. M. Abdul Mateen]]
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| | office3 = [[List of Speakers of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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| | termstart3 = 20 May 1956
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| | termend3 = 7 October 1958
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| | predecessor3 = ''position established''
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| | successor3 = Mubin-ul-Haq Siddiqui
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| | office4 = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| | termstart4 = 14 April 1972
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| | termend4 = 13 August 1973
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| | constituency4 = NW-36 (Gujrat-II)
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| | termstart5 = 12 June 1965
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| | termend5 = 25 March 1969
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| | constituency5 = NW-24 (Gujrat-
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| I)
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| | termstart6 = 8 June 1962
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| | termend6 = 7 June 1965
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| | constituency6 = NW-24 (Gujrat-
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| II)
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| | office7 = Member of the [[List of Speakers of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly|Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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| | termstart7 = 19 May 1956
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| | termend7 = 7 October 1958
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| | constituency7 = Gujrat District
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| | office8 = Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]]
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| | termstart8 = 7 May 1951
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| | termend8 = 14 October 1955
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| | constituency8 = Gujrat-VII
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| | termstart9 = 15 August 1947
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| | termend9 = 25 January 1949
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| | constituency9 = Gujrat-VII
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| | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1904|1|1}}
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| | birth_place = [[Kharian]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br/>(now in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])
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| | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1982|6|2|1904|1|1}}
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| | death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
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| | alma_mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (L.L.B)<br />[[University of the Punjab]] (M.A)
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| | term_start = 14 August 1973
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| | term_end = 16 September 1978
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| | term_start1 = 15 August 1972
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| | term_end1 = 13 August 1973
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Fazal Elahi Chaudhry''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|فضل الہی چودھری}}}}; 1 January 1904<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KZ9CAQAAIAAJ&q=Fazal+Ilahi+Chaudhry+1904&dq=Fazal+Ilahi+Chaudhry+1904&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjomZHXhK7VAhWEIpoKHcvCD2sQ6AEIITAB Profile of Fazal Elahi Chaudhry]</ref> – 2 June 1982), was a politician who served as the [[List of Presidents of Pakistan|fifth]] [[President of Pakistan]] from 1973 until 1978, prior to the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|martial law]] led by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]].
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| (see codename [[Operation Fair Play|''Fair Play'']]). He also served as the [[Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]] from 1965 to 1969 and the 8th [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan]] from 1972 to 1973.
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| ==Early life==
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| Fazal Elahi Chaudhry was born on 1 January 1904 into an influential [[Gurjar|Gujjar]] family<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/06/02/city/karachi/former-president-fazal-ilahi-remembered/ |work=Pakistan Today |title=Former president Fazal Ilahi remembered |date=2 June 2012 |access-date=2016-04-23}}</ref> in [[Marala]] village, near the city of [[Kharian]], [[Gujrat District]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab Province]]. After receiving his education from there, Chaudhry joined the prestigious [[Aligarh Muslim University]] in 1920, receiving his [[Bachelor of Law|LLB]] in [[Civil law (legal system)|Civil law]] in 1924. Thereafter, Chaudhry returned to [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and attended the [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]]'s post-graduate school in law and political science. In 1925, Chaudhry obtained his [[Master of Arts|MA]] in [[Political Science]] in 1925, and the advanced [[Master of Law|LLM]] in [[Law and Justice]], in 1927.
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| After completing his education, Chaudhry established his law firm in Lahore, advocating for the civil law and liberties, and went back to Gujrat and started practising the civil law. In 1930, he started taking interest in politics and participated in the [[1930 Indian general election|Indian general elections]] in 1930 for the Gujrat District Board and was elected unopposed.
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| ==Political career==
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| He joined the Muslim League in 1942. In 1945, he was elected from Gujrat as the President of Muslim League. He took part in the 1946 elections on Muslim League's ticket and played an important role in propagating the ideas of the Muslim League among the people of his area. Upon the independence of [[Pakistan]], Chaudhry got involved in the new government, moving up to high ranking positions in the National Assembly.
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| After the successful promulgation of country's [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution]] in 1973, Chaudhry was elected as the president, succeeded [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], and became the first president of country from the [[Punjabi people|Punjabi class]] of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab Province]]. Taking an active role in the [[Pakistan Movement]] through the platform of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]], Chaudhry was appointed minister in the [[:Category:First Pakistani Cabinet|Liaquat Ali Khan government]] in 1947, and further joined the [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United Nations|Pakistan permanent representative]]'s delegation to the United Nations in 1951.
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| His presidency was a mere [[figurehead]] as per the constitution, since the heading of the government's operations remained the authority of [[Prime minister of Pakistan|prime minister]]. After the success of the [[Operation Fair Play|''Fair Play'']]— a codename of the operation to remove Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from power – Chaudhry continued his presidency but had no influence in the [[Government of Pakistan|government operations]] or the [[Pakistan Military|military]] and [[Politics of Pakistan|national affairs]].
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| After contentious relations with the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|military]], Chaudhry was relinquished from the [[Aiwan-e-Sadr|office]] after resigning from his presidency, despite the urging of the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] and [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman]] of [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Joint Chiefs of Staff]]. On 16 September 1978, Chaudhry handed the charge of the [[Aiwan-e-Sadr|presidency]] to ruling military general Zia-ul-Haq who succeeded him as the sixth president, in addition to being the [[Chief Martial Law Administrator]] and the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]].
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| ==Speaker of the West Pakistan Assembly==
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| After Independence, he was given the post of Parliamentary Secretary. He was later appointed Minister for Education and Health. In 1951, he contested the elections of the Punjab Legislative Assembly on the Muslim League ticket and was elected as a member of the Punjab Assembly. In 1952, he represented Pakistan in the United Nations. In the 1956 elections, he was elected as member of the West Pakistan Assembly. Chaudhry was its Speaker from 20 May 1956 to 7 October 1958. In 1962, when Ayub Khan announced the elections, he was selected as the Deputy Opposition Leader of the House on the basis of his experience and knowledge about parliamentary proceedings. Chaudhry joined the Convention Muslim League, and after the 1956 elections, he was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly.
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| ==President of Pakistan==
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| He was elected as member of the National Assembly in 1970 on the ticket of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and was later elected as the Speaker of the National Assembly. He ended up joining the Pakistan Peoples Party. He contested the Presidential Elections of 1972 against s [[Khan Amirzadah Khan]] Of NAP & all opposition parties and was made President in 1973, when the head of the PPP, [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] was made [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]].
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| Chaudhry was largely a figurehead, and was the first Pakistani President with less power than the Prime Minister. This was due to the new constitution of 1973 that gave power to the Prime Minister; previously, the President had been the chief leader of Pakistan and had the power to appoint [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]].
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| ==Resignation==
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| Fazal Elahi Chaudhry remained President until 1978, when he resigned after the military took control of the government under General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]].
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| ==Death==
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| Chaudhry died on 2 June 1982 at the age of 78.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/02/obituaries/fazal-elahi-dies-at-78-pakistani-ex-president.html</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090402114442/http://therepublicofrumi.com/47.htm Chronicles Of Pakistan]
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| {{s-start}}
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| {{s-off}}
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| {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto ]]}}
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| {{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|[[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker of the National Assembly]]}}|years=1972–1973}}
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| {{s-aft|after=[[Sahibzada Farooq Ali]]}}
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| |-
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| {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Pakistan]]|years=1973–1978}}
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| {{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]}}
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| {{s-end}}
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| {{Presidents of Pakistan}}
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| {{Speaker National Assembly Pakistan}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhry, Fazal Elahi}}
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| [[Category:1904 births]]
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| [[Category:1982 deaths]]
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| [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
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| [[Category:First Pakistani Cabinet]]
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| [[Category:Pakistan Movement activists]]
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| [[Category:People from Kharian]]
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| [[Category:Presidents of Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:Pakistani landowners]]
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| [[Category:Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
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| [[Category:Pakistan Peoples Party politicians]]
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| [[Category:Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
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| [[Category:Deputy Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1972–1977]]
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| [[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1962–1965]]
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| [[Category:Punjab, Pakistan MLAs 1951–1955]]
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| [[Category:Members of the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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| [[Category:Speakers of the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan]]
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