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Greek and Latin texts, such as those by Curtius Rufus, indicate that by around 350 BCE, Swat and Gandhara were no longer under Achaemenid control. During this period, a tribe known as the Assakenoi emerged as rulers of the region, forming alliances with other Indian tribes. Archaeologists from the Italian Mission suggest that this phase marked the complete decline of Achaemenid ceramic styles, although household Indic vessels continued to be used in Barikot. This time frame corresponds to archaeological Macrophase 2b, which lasted from approximately 400 to 250 BCE. Notably, the Macedonian siege of Barikot (Bazira) took place during this period, specifically in the autumn of 327 BCE. Additionally, within Macrophase 2b, a Mauryan coin was discovered in trench BKG 11, which was radiocarbon dated to between 349 and 282 BCE, with a 95.4% probability model indicating a date of 315 ± 34 BCE. | Greek and Latin texts, such as those by Curtius Rufus, indicate that by around 350 BCE, Swat and Gandhara were no longer under Achaemenid control. During this period, a tribe known as the Assakenoi emerged as rulers of the region, forming alliances with other Indian tribes. Archaeologists from the Italian Mission suggest that this phase marked the complete decline of Achaemenid ceramic styles, although household Indic vessels continued to be used in Barikot. This time frame corresponds to archaeological Macrophase 2b, which lasted from approximately 400 to 250 BCE. Notably, the Macedonian siege of Barikot (Bazira) took place during this period, specifically in the autumn of 327 BCE. Additionally, within Macrophase 2b, a Mauryan coin was discovered in trench BKG 11, which was radiocarbon dated to between 349 and 282 BCE, with a 95.4% probability model indicating a date of 315 ± 34 BCE. | ||
== Mauryan and Greco-Bactrian Kingdoms Linking Phase (c. 250–200 BCE) == | == Mauryan and Greco-Bactrian Kingdoms Linking Phase (c. 250–200 BCE) == | ||
Beginning in 2011, excavations in the southwest corner of the site revealed several older settlements than previously anticipated. In 2016, one pre-Indo-Greek layer was dated to the mid-3rd century BCE, corresponding to the middle of the Mauryan era. This period, referred to archaeologically as Macrophase 3a1, saw Barikot integrated into a political and commercial network that connected the Mauryan and Greco-Bactrian kingdoms. During this time, both Greco-Bactrian and Hellenistic pottery forms were introduced at the site, showcasing distinct connections to northern Afghanistan and Central Asia, similar to those found at Ai-Khanoum. | |||
== Old Apsidal Temple == | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||