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| {{Short description|Indian surface-to-air missile}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Anant Shastra]] |
| {{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
| | {{Redirect category shell| |
| {{Infobox weapon
| | {{R from move}} |
| | name = QRSAM
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| | image = Second test of DRDO QRSAM (cropped).jpg
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| | image_size = 300
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| | alt =
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| | caption = QRSAM during its second flight test
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| | type = [[Surface-to-air missile]]
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| | origin = [[India]]
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| <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged =
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| | is_bladed =
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| | is_explosive =
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| | is_artillery =
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| | is_vehicle =
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| | is_missile = yes
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| | is_UK = <!-- Service history -->
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| | service = 2020-present
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| | used_by =
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| | wars = <!-- Production history -->
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| | designer = [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]<!-- Infobox weapon now allows design groups in the designer section -->
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| | design_date =
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| | manufacturer = [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
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| | unit_cost =
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| | production_date = 2021<ref name="THDec20"/>
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| | number =
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| | variants = <!-- General specifications -->
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| | spec_label =
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| | weight =
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| | length =
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| | part_length =
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| | width =
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| | height =
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| | diameter =
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| | crew =
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| | passengers = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
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| | cartridge =
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| | cartridge_weight =
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| | caliber =
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| | barrels =
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| | action =
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| | rate =
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| | velocity =
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| | range =
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| | max_range =
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| | feed =
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| | sights = <!-- Artillery specifications -->
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| | breech =
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| | recoil =
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| | carriage =
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| | elevation =
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| | traverse = <!-- Bladed weapon specifications -->
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| | blade_type =
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| | hilt_type =
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| | sheath_type =
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| | head_type =
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| | haft_type = <!-- Explosive specifications -->
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| | filling = Pre-[[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmented]] warhead
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| | filling_weight = {{convert|32|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf |website=Defence Research and Development Organisation |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
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| | detonation = [[Proximity fuze|Optical proximity fuze]]
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| | yield = <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
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| | armour =
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| | primary_armament =
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| | secondary_armament =
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| | engine =
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| | engine_power =
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| | pw_ratio =
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| | payload_capacity = 22 [[tonne]]
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| | transmission =
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| | suspension = [[Leaf spring]] and [[air suspension]] with telescopic [[shock absorbers]]
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| | clearance =
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| | fuel_capacity =
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| | vehicle_range = Missile: {{cvt|3|km}} - {{cvt|30|km}} <br/> Launcher: ~800 km
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| | speed = [[Mach number|Mach]] 4.7
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| | guidance = '''Mid-course:''' [[Inertial navigation system]] with two way [[datalink]] <br/>'''Terminal:''' [[Active radar homing]]
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| | steering = <!-- Missiles only -->
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| | wingspan =
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| | propellant = [[Solid fuel]]
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| | ceiling =
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| | altitude = {{cvt|30|m}} - {{cvt|10|km}}
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| | boost =
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| | depth =
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| | accuracy =
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| | launch_platform = 6 tube launcher mounted on 8 x 8 [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata Motors]] heavy mobility vehicles<ref name="THDec20"/>
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| | transport =
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| <!-- For all -->| ref = <ref name="DRDO">{{Cite web|title=QRSAM|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/qrsam|website=www.drdo.gov.in|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref><ref name="addr-3may16">{{cite magazine |last1=Menon |first1=Jay |title=India to develop Quick-Reaction SAM |journal=Aerospace Daily & Defense Report |date=3 May 2016 |page=4 |publisher=Aviation Week |issn=1553-8591}}</ref><ref name="complete"/><ref>{{cite web|title=QRSAM again successfully test-fired|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/qrsam-again-successfully-test-fired---.html|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2020/11/india-wraps-development-trials-for.html|title= India Wraps Development Trials For QRSAM Missile That Can Shoot Plane 30 Km Away |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile''' ('''QRSAM''') is a [[surface-to-air missile|missile]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] for the [[Indian Army]],<ref name="jdw-6jun17"/> meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks.<ref name="DRDO"/>
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| QRSAM has a fully automated Command and Control System. The missile system possesses two four-walled radars both of which encompass a 360-degree coverage, namely, the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar, apart from the launcher while Laser [[proximity fuze]] ensures that missile can't be jammed.
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| == History ==
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| As a part of a replacement program for its obsolete [[Osa-AK]] and [[2K12 Kub|Kvadrat]] missile systems, Indian Army received a go-ahead to initiate a global acquisition program for quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles from the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in September 2007.<ref name="addr-3may16"/> The acquisition program faced multiple issues, including poor response from vendors and re-tendering to avoid single source acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |title=Indian Army Seeks New Source of Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System |url=https://www.defensenews.com/home/2016/04/06/indian-army-seeks-new-source-of-surface-to-air-missile-defense-system/ |work=Defense News |date=8 August 2017}}</ref> In the meanwhile, a DRDO project to develop quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles was sanctioned in July 2014 with a budget of {{INRConvert|476.43|c|year=2014}}.<ref>{{cite press release |title=DRDO Projects |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The missile was developed in association with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] with both firms participating in development and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghaswalla |first1=Amrita Nair |title=BEL's research spend up 10% of revenue |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bels-research-spend-up-10-of-revenue/article9610597.ece |work=The Hindu Business Line |publisher=The Hindu Group |date=31 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Sushil |title=Quick Reaction Missile to be developed by BDL and DRDO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Quick-Reaction-Missile-to-be-developed-by-BDL-and-DRDO/articleshow/52054713.cms |work=The Times of India |publisher=The Times Group |date=30 April 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Indian Army's global acquisition program was dropped in favour of the locally developed QRSAM.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}
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| The operational version meanwhile is awaiting production in mid-2021 after use trials.<ref name="THDec20"/>
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| == Description ==
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| This missile is an all-weather, all-terrain [[surface-to-air missile]] equipped with [[Electronic countermeasure|electronic counter measures]] against jamming by aircraft [[radar]]s. The missile can be mounted on a truck and is stored in a canister. QRSAM uses [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid-fuel propellant]] and has a range of 25–30 km.<ref name="jdw-6jun17">{{Cite web|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|title=Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested|date=6 June 2017|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141337/http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> The single-staged missile utilized by the system is propelled using [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]]. The missile is equipped with a midcourse [[inertial navigation system]] with a two-way data link and a [[DRDO]]-developed terminal active seeker. The missile uses [[Proximity fuze|optical proximity fuze]] to increase accuracy and defend itself from jamming.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2020}}</ref> The system has the capability to search and track targets while moving with six missiles that can be fired for six different type of targets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1597212|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile successfully flight-tested off Odisha coast|date=23 December 2019|website=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]|via=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref>
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| QRSAM is a compact weapon system and is mobile. It has a fully automated Command and Control System. The missile system comprises two four-walled [[radar]]s both of which encompass a 360-degree coverage, namely, the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar, apart from the launcher.<ref name=":0" />
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| With a range of {{cvt|30|km}} and ability to intercept a target flying high as {{cvt|10|km}}, QRSAM possesses over 90% Indian made subsystems which will reach 99% incrementally.<ref name="THDec20">{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-06|title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece|location=New Delhi|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref>
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| == Testing ==
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| [[File:QRSAM tested on 23 December 2019.jpg|thumb|QRSAM fired from a mobile launcher on 23 December 2019 during its final developmental trial.<ref name=complete/>]]
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| The first test firing of the missile took place on 4 June 2017. This was followed by the second successful test on 3 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-fired-4733819/|title=Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired|date=3 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=23 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The test was conducted from Chandipur, Odisha. Around 100 scientists are working as part of the missile development program led by [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL). DRDO's other labs including [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI), [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]] (R&DE(E)) and [[Integrated Test Range]] (ITR) are also contributing to the missile development effort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/drdo-s-quick-reaction-missile-hits-target-in-30-seconds-1.2059244|title=DRDO's quick reaction missile hits target in 30 seconds|work=Mathrubhumi|date=3 July 2017|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> On 22 December, the missile was test fired for the third time. The test was reported to be a success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rout|first=Hemant Kumar|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/23/drdos-homegrown-quick-reaction-missile-qrsam-successfully-test-fired-off-odisha-coast-1734849.html|title=DRDO's homegrown quick reaction missile QRSAM successfully test fired off Odisha coast|work=The New Indian Express|date=23 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |title=Setback for Indian missile programme: Two failures in a week, submarine version stuck |url=https://theprint.in/report/setback-for-indian-missile-programme-two-failures-in-a-week-submarine-version-stuck/24671/ |work=The Print |date=24 December 2017}}</ref> The fourth test took place on 8 October 2018 and was reported to be successful.<ref>{{cite news |title=DRDO testfires quick reaction missile off Odisha coast |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/oct/10/drdo-testfires-quick-reaction-missile-off-odisha-coast-1883553.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 October 2018}}</ref> Fifth test was successfully performed on 26 February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1566363#|title=Twin Success for Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|date=26 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> The sixth test was conducted on 4 August 2019 at 11:05 am from a mobile truck-based launcher at the launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile/articleshow/70520608.cms|title=India test-fires Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|date=2019-08-04|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> The seventh-test took place on 23 December 2019 from [[Abdul Kalam Island]], which included two firings of the missile. With this test, the development of the missile was declared complete.<ref name="complete">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-completes-development-trials/article30382246.ece|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile completes development trials|date=2019-12-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-23|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
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| On 13 November 2020, DRDO successfully conducted test fire of the system and achieved a major milestone by a direct hit on to a [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] pilot-less target aircraft at medium range and medium altitude.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-11-14|title=DRDO successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/drdo-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-120111400264_1.html|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref>
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| On 17 November 2020, DRDO successfully test-fired the missile with a live warhead for the first time. The missile managed to hit and bring down an unmanned target vehicle at medium range and altitude.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/india-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-air-defence-system/682896|title=Second successful flight test of Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile air defence system conducted|work=Times now digital}}</ref>
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| == See also ==
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| *[[Trishul (missile)|Trishul]]
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| *[[Maitri (missile)|Maitri]]
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| *[[Barak 8]]
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| *[[Akash-NG]]
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| *[[Akash (missile)|Akash]]
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| *[[VL-SRSAM]]
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| *[[Advanced Air Defence]] (AAD)
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| *[[Prithvi Air Defence]] (PAD)
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist}}
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| == External links ==
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| *{{Commons category-inline|QRSAM}}
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| {{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}
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| {{Indian missiles}}
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| [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of India]]
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| [[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India]]
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| [[Category:21st-century surface-to-air missiles]]
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| [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2020s]]
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| '''Technical:'''
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| * [https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets]
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