|
|
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{About|the national personification of [[Bangladesh]]|the Bengali poem|Bangamata (poem)}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Banga Mata]] |
| [[File:Map of Bengal.svg|thumb|260px|Map of Bengal.]]
| |
| {{Bengalis}}
| |
| '''Baṅgamātā''' ({{lang-bn|বঙ্গমাতা}}), '''Mother Bengal''' or simply '''বাংলা'''/ '''Bangla''', a [[national personification|personification]] of [[Bengal]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Bharat Mata, more benign|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/bharat-mata-more-benign-2853150/|work=The Indian Express|date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Amritjit|last2=Iyer|first2=Nalini|last3=Gairola|first3=Rahul K.|title=Revisiting India's Partition: New Essays on Memory, Culture, and Politics|date=2016|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9781498531054|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmA0DAAAQBAJ&q=bangamata+poem+rabindranath+tagore&pg=PA98|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Patriotic fervour|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/08/17/stories/2003081700160200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040401123654/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/08/17/stories/2003081700160200.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2004-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bose |first1=Sugata |last2=Jalal |first2=Ayesha |year=1998 |title=Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bodaohHyDRcC&pg=PA121 |edition=1st |publisher=Psychology Press |page=121 |isbn=978-0-415-16952-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Swarupa|title=Notions of Nationhood in Bengal: Perspectives on Samaj, c. 1867-1905|date=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789047429586|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9SwCQAAQBAJ&q=bangamata+poem+rabindranath+tagore&pg=PA323|language=en}}</ref> was created during the [[Bengali Renaissance]] and later adopted by the [[Bengali nationalism|Bengali nationalists]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HrBJJBFutsC&q=bangamata+rabindranath+tagore&pg=PA88|title=Social Thought of Rabindranath Tagore: A Historical Analysis|first=Tapati|last=Dasgupta|year=1993|publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=9788170173021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ey1v6JEmvakC&q=bangamata+rabindranath+tagore&pg=PA89|title=Science, Spirituality and the Modernization of India|first=Makarand|last=Paranjape|year=2014|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781843317760}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://appweb.cortland.edu/ojs/index.php/Wagadu/article/viewArticle/250/464|title=Symbols of Water and Woman on Selected Examples of Modern Bengali Literature in the Context of Mythological Tradition|access-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212184455/http://appweb.cortland.edu/ojs/index.php/Wagadu/article/viewArticle/250/464|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="deccanchronicle.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/220316/thinking-allowed-feeling-seditious-or-patriotic.html |title=Thinking Allowed: Feeling seditious or patriotic? |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |type=Opinion |date=21 March 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> In Bangladeshi poetry, literature and patriotic song, she has become a symbol of [[Bangladesh]], considered as a personification of the [[People's Republic of Bangladesh|Republic]]. The Mother Bengal represents not only biological motherness but its attributed characteristics as well – protection, never ending love, consolation, care, the beginning and the end of life.
| |
|
| |
|
| In [[Amar Sonar Bangla]], the national anthem of Bangladesh, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] used the word "Maa" (Mother) numerous times to refer to the motherland, ''i.e.'' Bengal. Despite her popularity in patriotic songs and poems, her physical representations and images are rare.
| | {{Redirect category shell| |
| | | {{R from move}} |
| ==History==
| | }} |
| ===Partition of Bengal===
| |
| The first incarnations of Mother Bengal, or Bangamata, emerged during resistance to the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|partition of Bengal]]. The partition took place in October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim areas of Eastern Bengal from the largely Hindu areas of Western Bengal. Hindus living in Western Bengal, who dominated Bengal's businesses and rural life complained that the partition would make them a minority in a province due to the incorporation of the [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] into the [[Bengal Presidency]].<ref name="britannica.com"/> It was during this time the Mother Bengal was an immensely popular theme in Bengali patriotic songs and poems and was mentioned in several of them, such as the song ″[[Dhana Dhanya Pushpa Bhara]]″ and ″[[Banga Amar Janani Amar]]″ (Our Bengal Our Mother) by [[Dwijendralal Ray]]. These songs were meant to rekindle the unified spirit of Bengal, to raise public consciousness against the communal political divide.<ref>John R. McLane, "The Decision to Partition Bengal in 1905," ''Indian Economic and Social History Review,'' July 1965, 2#3, pp 221–237</ref><ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Partition of Bengal|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60754/partition-of-Bengal|access-date=2017-08-18}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ===Bangladesh Liberation War===
| |
| Many of Bengali patriotic songs were regularly played on the [[Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra]], the clandestine radio station broadcast to revolutionaries and the Bengali public during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref name=start>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/1971-and-the-songs-we-sang/|title=1971 and the songs we sang|access-date=2013-12-13|date=2012-12-01|author=Syed Badrul Ahsan|work=The Daily Star}}</ref> some of these patriotic songs, such as “Jonmo Amar Dhonno Holo Maa-go” and “Bangla Moder Bangla Maa Amra Tomar Koti Shontan” have significant representations of “Mother Bengal”. She was an icon of freedom and [[democracy]] against all forms of dictatorship. These patriotic songs are still immensely popular in [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref name=start>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/1971-and-the-songs-we-sang/|title=1971 and the songs we sang|access-date=2013-12-13|date=2012-12-01|author=Syed Badrul Ahsan|work=The Daily Star}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==In art and literature==
| |
| * [[Vande Mataram]], by [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
| |
| * [[Banglar Mati Banglar Jol]], by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| |
| * [[Banga Amar Janani Amar]], by [[Dwijendralal Ray]]
| |
| * [[Bangamata (poem)]], by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| |
| * [[Amar Sonar Bangla]], by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1905
| |
| *[[O Amar Desher Mati]], by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| |
| * [[Bangladesh (poem)|Bangladesh]], by [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]
| |
| * [[Aaji Bangladesher Hridoy]], by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| |
| * [[Bangla Mayer Kol]], by [[Meera Dev Burman]] and [[S. D. Burman]]; better known by first line ''Takdum Takdum Bajai Bnagladesher Dhol''<ref>https://www.jiosaavn.com/lyrics/ami-takdum-takdum-bajai-lyrics/GQlbSRx8DkY</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Voice of the Bhati Regions of Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/shout/echoes/the-voice-the-bhati-regions-bangladesh-163636 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Oh Amar Bangla Maa]], by Abul Umrah Fakhruddin and Alauddin Ali <ref>https://www.songtexte.com/songtext/jagoroner-gaan/o-amar-bangla-ma-tor-335fc041.html</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alauddin Ali: The King of Melody |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/shout/echoes/alauddin-ali-the-king-melody-191506 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| In his patriotic song, known as ''Aaji Bangladesher Hridoy'' (1905), the poet Rabindranath Tagore wrote the following depiction of Bangladesh:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/A/aaji-bangladesher-hridoy.html |title=Lyric aaji bangladesher hridoy |website=geetabitan.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017144200/http://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/A/aaji-bangladesher-hridoy.html |archive-date=2012-10-17}}</ref><ref>http://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/rs-a1/aaji-bangladesher-hridoy-english-translation.html</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=What's in a word? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/whats-word-1364398 |work=The Daily Star |type=Opinion}}</ref>
| |
| :When did you come out of the heart of Bangladesh,
| |
| :O, Mother dear, with such inexplicable splendor!
| |
| :It’s impossible to take away eyes from you!
| |
| :The doors of your golden temple have unlocked.
| |
| :Your right hand holds the blazing sword, the left one takes away fear,
| |
| :Smile of affection on the eyes, the third eye glaring.
| |
| :O Mother dear, how uniquely you reveal yourself!
| |
| :The cloud of your untied hair conceals thunders
| |
| :Ends of your sunlight coloured robes flutter in the horizon!
| |
| :It’s impossible to take away eyes from you!
| |
| :The doors of your golden temple have unlocked.
| |
| :When impassionately did not look up seemed
| |
| :Poor mother stayed back home , desolate, destitute.
| |
| :Your torn clothes vanish now, meager smile disappear.
| |
| :Beams of light scatter from your feet into entire sky
| |
| :O Mother, your appearance astounds me.
| |
| :You flood the world with the flow of happiness on the distressed nights
| |
| :O the mindblower, your word of fearlessness drum the heart
| |
| :It’s impossible to take away eyes from you!
| |
| :The doors of your golden temple have unlocked.
| |
| | |
| This is most probably only picturesque details of Mother Bengal.
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| * [[National personification]], contains the list of personifications for various nations and territories.
| |
| * [[Bharat Mata]], the national personification of India as a [[mother goddess]].
| |
| * [[Sri Lanka Matha]], the national personification in the national anthem of Sri Lanka as a mother goddess.
| |
| * [[Siam Devadhiraj]], the national personification of Thailand as a deity.
| |
| * [[Vande Mataram]], song sung in reverence of Bharat Mata and Banga Mata.
| |
| * [[Joy Bangla]]
| |
| * [[Columbia (name)|Columbia]], an equivalent symbol for the United States.
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
| | |
| {{Symbols of Bangladesh}}
| |
| {{Bangladesh topics}}
| |
| {{National personifications}}
| |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:National personifications]]
| |
| [[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh]]
| |
| [[Category:Bengal]]
| |
This page is a redirect. The following categories are used to track and monitor this redirect: