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| | #REDIRECT [[Sundaram (writer)]] |
| {{Infobox writer
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| | name = Tribhuvandas Luhar
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| | image =Tribhuvandas Luhar.jpg
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| | birth_name = Tribhuvandas Purushottamdas Luhar
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| | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1908|03|22}}
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| | birth_place = [[Bharuch]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]]
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| | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1991|01|13|1908|03|22}}
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| | death_place =
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| | occupation = Writer
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| | nationality = India
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| | alma_mater =
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| | period =
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| | genre = Poetry, [[Short story|short stories]], criticism
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| | subject =
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| | movement =
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| | notableworks = ''[[Arvachin Kavita]]'' (1946)
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| | spouse =
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| | influences =
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| | influenced =
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| | awards = [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
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| | signature =
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| | website = {{Official website}}
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Tribhuvandas Purushottamdas Luhar''', better known by his pen name '''Sundaram''', (22 March 1908 – 13 January 1991), was a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] poet and author from India.
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| ==Life==
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| [[File:Gujarati Vishwakosh38.jpg|thumb|Sundaram in center; from left to second is [[Jaybhikhkhu]] and from right to second is [[Dhirubhai Thaker]]]]
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| He was born on 22 March 1908 at Miyan Matar, [[Bharuch]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]. He completed his primary education in local school of [[Matar (village)|Matar]] and five grades in English medium at [[Amod, Gujarat]]. Later he studied at Chhotubhai Purani's Rashtriya New English School, Bharuch. He graduated in languages from [[Gujarat Vidyapith]], [[Ahmedabad]] in 1929. He started teaching in Gurukul at [[Songadh]]. He participated in [[Indian independence movement]] and was imprisoned for some time. He was associated with Jyotisangh, the women's organisation in Ahmedabad, from 1935 to 1945. He was introduced to [[Sri Aurobindo]] in 1945, and he moved to [[Pondicherry]]. He presided [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] in 1970. He died on 13 January 1991.<ref name="Lal2006">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4227|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=4227–4228}}</ref><ref name="Chokshi991">{{cite book|author1=U. M. Chokshi|author2=M. R. Trivedi|title=Gujarat State Gazetteer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKLiAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Director, Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|pages=405–410}}</ref><ref name=a>{{cite book|title=Selected Stories from Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ghkJaKIVTsC&pg=PT12|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7224-955-7|pages=12–13}}</ref><ref name=gsp>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Sundaram.html|language =gu |title=Tribhuvandas Luhar 'Sundaram'|work=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] |access-date =17 October 2014}}</ref>
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| ==Works==
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| Though he started with poetry, he successfully ventured into other field of literature. His poetry and prose both are imaginative, intense and full of brilliance. His works have also spiritual as well as social elements. His transition from different philosophical phases; [[progressivism]], communism, [[Gandhian philosophy]] and [[self realisation]] philosophy of Aurobindo; are evident in his works.<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name=a/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA115|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|page=115}}</ref>
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| ===Poetry===
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| He started writing poetry in 1926 under pen name, '''Marichi''' and ''Ekansh De'' was his first poem followed by more poems under pen name, '''Vishwakarma'''. He published his poem ''Bardoline'' in 1928 under pen name, '''Sundaram''' and adopted it for lifetime.<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name="Chokshi991"/><ref name=gsp/>
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| ''Koya Bhagatni Kadvi Vaani ane Garibo na Geeto'' ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} Bitter tongue of Koya Bhagat and Songs of the Poor) (1933) was his first poetry collection followed by ''Kavyamangala'' ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} Auspicious Poems) (1933). He published another collection ''Vasudha'' (1939) and the collection of children's poetry, ''Rang Rang Vadaliya'' (1939). His ''Yatra'' ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} The Journey) (1951) is influenced by the philosophy of Aurobindo.<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name="Chokshi991"/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996"/><ref name="Das1991">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA210|year=1991|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|page=210}}</ref>
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| ===Short stories===
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| Under pen name, '''Trishul''', he published the short story collections. They are ''Hirakani ane Bijee Vatu'' (1938), ''Piyasi'' (1940), Unnayan (1945, republished ''Kholki and Nagarika'' with more stories), ''Tarini'' (1978), ''Pavakna Panthe '' (1978).<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996"/>
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| ===Criticism===
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| ''[[Arvachin Kavita]]'' (1946) is a literary criticism of Gujarati poetry from 1845 to 1945. ''Avalokana'' is his another work of criticism while ''Sahitya Chintan'' (1978) is a collection of articles on principles of literary criticism.<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name="Chokshi991"/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996"/>
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| ===Other===
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| ''Vasanti Poornima'' (1977) is a collection of [[one-act play]]s. ''Dakshinayan'' (1942) is a travelogue of his travel of [[South India]]. ''Chidambara'' is his memoir while ''Samarchana'' is an anthology of articles about his view of life. He also wrote ''Saavidya'' (1978). ''Sri Arvind Mahayogi'' (1950) is a short biography of Sri Aurobindo. He translated several Sanskrit, Hindi and English works into Gujarati. They include ''Bhagvajjukiyam'' (1940), ''[[Mṛcchakatika]]'' (1944), ''Kaya Palat'' (1961), ''Janata ane Jan'' (1965), ''Aisi hai Zindagi'' ane some writings of Aurobindo and [[Mirra Alfassa|The Mother]].<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996"/>
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| He edited the magazines ''Dakshina'' and ''Baldakshina'' published by Sri Aurobindo Ashram.<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name=a/><ref name=gsp/>
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| ==Awards==
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| [[File:Kavishri Sundaram Chowk.jpg|thumb|Kavishri Sundaram Chowk in [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat]]
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| He was awarded [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1934 for ''Kavyamangala''. He received Narmad Gold Medal in 1955 for his poetry collection ''Yatra'' and Mahida Prize in 1946 for criticism. He received [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for Gujarati writers in 1968 for his work of criticism, ''Avalokan''. He was awarded [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian award, in 1985.<ref name="Lal2006"/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996"/>
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| ==Further reading==
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| * {{cite book |title=Thirsty Fish and Other Stories |author=Sundaram |translator=Hemang A. Desai |date=2013 |publisher=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] |location=Ahmedabad |isbn=978-81-924770-2-2}}
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| ==See also==
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| * [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * {{GujLit author}}
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| {{Authority control}}
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| {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Luhar, Tribhuvandas}}
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| [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
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| [[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]
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| [[Category:1908 births]]
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| [[Category:1991 deaths]]
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| [[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
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| [[Category:Indian literary critics]]
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| [[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Gujarati]]
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| [[Category:Sri Aurobindo]]
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| [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
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| [[Category:Indian male poets]]
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| [[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]
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| [[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
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| [[Category:20th-century translators]]
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